The Caspian Sea is a brief description of the endorheic salt lake of Eurasia and the largest lake on the planet is presented in this article. A message about the Caspian Sea will help you prepare for classes.

Caspian Sea: report

This water body is located at the geographical junction of Europe and Asia. The water level is 28 m below the level of the World Ocean. Over its long history, the Caspian Sea has “changed” more than 70 names. And it received its modern name from the ancient Caspian tribe, who were engaged in horse breeding and settled along the southwestern shore of the lake.

Salinity of the Caspian Sea not constant: near the mouth of the Volga River it is 0.05%, and in the southeast the figure increases to 13%. The area of ​​the water body today is about 371,000 km2, the maximum depth of the Caspian Sea is 1025 m.

Features of the Caspian Sea

Scientists have conditionally divided the lake-sea into 3 natural zones:

• Northern
• Average
• Southern

Each of them has a different depth and composition of water. For example, the smallest part is Northern. The full-flowing Volga River flows here, so the salinity here is the lowest. And the southern part is the deepest, and, accordingly, salty.

The Caspian Sea was formed more than 10 million years ago. It can be called part of the ancient Tethys superocean, which once lay between the African, Indian and Eurasian continental plates. Its long history is also evidenced by the nature of the bottom and geological coastal deposits. The length of the coastline is 6500 - 6700 km, and including the islands up to 7000 km.

The shores of the Caspian Sea are predominantly smooth and low-lying. The northern part of the coastline is indented by islands and channels of the Ural and Volga deltas. The shore is swampy and low, covered with thickets. The eastern coast is characterized by limestone coasts that are adjacent to deserts and semi-deserts. The west and east coasts have winding coastlines.

Where does the Caspian Sea flow?

Since the Caspian Sea is an endorheic body of water, it is logical that it does not flow anywhere. But 130 rivers flow into it. The largest of them are Terek, Volga, Emba, Ural, Kura, Atrek, Samur.

Climate of the Caspian Sea

In the northern part of the sea the climate is continental, in the middle part it is temperate and in the southern part it is subtropical. In winter, the average temperature ranges from - 8 ... - 10 (northern part) to +8 ... + 10 (southern part). Summer average temperatures range from +24 (northern part) to +27 (southern part). The maximum temperature recorded on the east coast was 44 degrees.

Animal and plant life

The fauna is diverse and includes 1809 species. The sea is home to 415 invertebrates and 101 species of fish. It contains most of the world's reserves of pike perch, sturgeon, roach, and carp. The Caspian Sea is home to carp, mullet, bream, sprat, perch, kutum, pike, as well as such a large mammal as the Caspian seal.

The flora is represented by 728 species. The sea is dominated by diatoms, brown algae, red algae, blue-green algae, chara algae, ruppium and zoster.

The importance of the Caspian Sea

On its territory there are many gas and oil reserves, the fields of which are at the development stage. Scientists have calculated that oil resources amount to 10 billion tons, and gas condensate - 20 billion tons. The first oil well was drilled in 1820 on the Absheron shelf. Limestone, sand, salt, stone, and clay are also mined on its shelf.

In addition, the Caspian Sea is popular among tourists. Modern resort areas are being created on its banks; mineral waters and mud contribute to the development of health complexes and sanatoriums. The most famous resorts are Amburan, Nardaran, Zagulba, Bilgakh.

Environmental problems of the Caspian Sea

Sea waters are polluted as a result of the extraction and transportation of gas and oil on the shelf. Pollutants also come from the rivers that flow into it. Poaching of sturgeon caviar has led to a decrease in the number of these fish.

We hope that the report on the Caspian Sea helped you prepare for the lesson. You can supplement your essay about the Caspian Sea using the comment form below.

The southern shore of the Caspian Sea is very different from its other shores, especially from the northern and eastern ones. This is due to the terrain and its considerable distance (almost 1000 km) from the northern coast. It belongs to the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Almost parallel to the coastline of the Caspian Sea stretches the large Elburz mountain range, from which many small rivers run into the Caspian Sea.
The strip of land between Elburz and the Caspian Sea is agricultural; it is located in a subtropical climate, which means it is well suited for the cultivation of many agricultural crops, including heat-loving ones.

On the southern coast of the Caspian Sea there are 3 provinces of Iran: Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan with administrative centers, respectively, Rasht, Sari and Gorgan.


In the photo - the village of Masule in Gilan, the village is built on the slope of the mountains, the roofs of the houses serve as a road for pedestrians and separate the “streets”.

By the way, Gilan at one time belonged to Russia in 20-21 years of the last century. Actually, at the beginning of the 18th century, not only Gilan, but also Mezandaran was Russian
These provinces are economically developed; one of the sectors of the economy is connected precisely with their location on the shores of the Caspian Sea. This is the fishing industry.
Hydrocarbons are produced in the same region.

The coast of the Caspian Sea is connected to the coast of the Persian Gulf by railway. There is a project for a water canal from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf.

It is clear that in Iran, as in any other country, the work of fishermen cannot be called easy.
This photo alone serves as a good illustration of what was said.

The Caspian Sea, or rather its water surface, serves as a “bone of discord” between our country and Iran. If before the collapse of the USSR everything was clear and understandable, now, when 4 states besides Iran were formed on the shores of the Caspian Sea - Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, the issue has become more acute.
But apparently, diplomats and leaders of the Caspian countries managed to come to an agreement.

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on planet Earth, located on the continent of Eurasia - in the border territory of the states of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan. In fact, it is a giant lake left after the disappearance of the ancient Tethys Ocean. Nevertheless, there is every reason to consider it as an independent sea (this is indicated by its salinity, large area and considerable depth, a bottom made of oceanic crust and other signs). In terms of maximum depth, it is the third among closed reservoirs - after lakes Baikal and Tanganyika. In the northern part of the Caspian Sea (several kilometers from the northern shore - parallel to it) there is a geographical border between Europe and Asia.

Toponymy

• Other names: throughout the history of mankind, the Caspian Sea has had about 70 different names among different peoples. The most famous of them: Khvalynskoe or Khvalisskoe (took place during the times of Ancient Rus', arose from the name of the people praises, who lived in the Northern Caspian region and traded with the Russians), Girkanskoe or Djurdzhanskoe (derived from alternative names for the city of Gorgan, located in Iran), Khazarskoe, Abeskunskoe (after the name of the island and city in the Kura delta - now flooded), Saraiskoe, Derbentskoe, Sikhai .
• Origin of name: According to one hypothesis, the Caspian Sea received its modern and most ancient name from a tribe of nomadic horse breeders Caspian Sea, who lived in the 1st millennium BC on the southwestern coast.

Morphometry

• Catchment area: 3,626,000 km².
• Mirror area: 371,000 km².
• Coastline length: 7,000 km.
• Volume: 78,200 km³.
• Average depth: 208 m.
• Maximum depth: 1,025 m.

Hydrology

• Availability of permanent flow: no, drainless.
• Tributaries:, Ural, Emba, Atrek, Gorgan, Kheraz, Sefidrud, Astarchay, Kura, Pirsagat, Kusarchay, Samur, Rubas, Darvagchay, Ulluchay, Shuraozen, Sulak, Terek, Kuma.
• Bottom: very diverse. At shallow depths, sandy soil with an admixture of shells is common; in deep-sea areas, it is silty. In the coastal strip there may be pebble and rocky places (especially where mountain ranges adjoin the sea). In the estuarine areas, the underwater soil consists of river sediments. The Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay is notable for the fact that its bottom is a thick layer of mineral salts.

Chemical composition

• Water: salty.
• Salinity: 13 g/l.
• Transparency: 15 m.

Geography

Rice. 1. Map of the Caspian Sea basin.

• Coordinates: 41°59′02″ n. latitude, 51°03′52″ e. d.
• Height above sea level:-28 m.
• Coastal landscape: Due to the fact that the coastline of the Caspian Sea is very long, and it itself is located in different geographical zones, the coastal landscape is diverse. In the northern part of the reservoir, the banks are low, swampy, and in the deltas of large rivers, they are cut by numerous channels. The eastern shores are mostly limestone - desert or semi-desert. The western and southern shores are adjacent to mountain ranges. The greatest ruggedness of the coastline is observed in the west, in the area of ​​the Absheron Peninsula, and also in the east, in the area of ​​the Kazakh and Kara-Bogaz-Gol bays.
• Settlements on the banks:
  • Russia: Astrakhan, Derbent, Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Olya.
  • Kazakhstan: Aktau, Atyrau, Kuryk, Sogandyk, Bautino.
  • Turkmenistan: Ekerem, Karabogaz, Turkmenbashi, Khazar.
  • Iran: Astara, Balboser, Bender-Torkemen, Bender-Anzeli, Neka, Chalus.
  • Azerbaijan: Alyat, Astara, Baku, Dubendi, Lankaran, Sangachali, Sumgayit.

Interactive map

Ecology

The ecological situation in the Caspian Sea is far from ideal. Almost all large rivers flowing into it are polluted by wastewater from industrial enterprises located upstream. This could not but affect the presence of pollutants in the waters and bottom sediments of the Caspian Sea - over the past half century, their concentration has increased significantly, and the content of some heavy metals has already exceeded permissible standards.

In addition, the waters of the Caspian Sea are constantly polluted by domestic wastewater from coastal cities, as well as during oil production on the continental shelf, and during its transportation.

Fishing on the Caspian Sea

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• Artificial settlement: not all of the above fish species in the Caspian Sea are native. About 4 dozen species arrived by accident (for example, through canals from the basins of the Black and Baltic Seas), or were intentionally populated by humans. As an example, it is worth citing mullets. Three Black Sea species of these fish - mullet, sharpnose and singil - were released in the first half of the 20th century. The mullet did not take root, but the mullet and the singil have successfully acclimatized, and by now have settled virtually throughout the entire Caspian waters, forming several commercial herds. At the same time, the fish fatten up faster than in the Black Sea and reach larger sizes. In the second half of the last century (starting from 1962), attempts were also made to introduce such Far Eastern salmon fish as pink salmon and chum salmon into the Caspian Sea. In total, several billion fry of these fish were released into the sea over the course of 5 years. Pink salmon did not survive in the new habitat, chum salmon, on the contrary, successfully took root and even began to enter the rivers flowing into the sea to spawn. However, it was unable to reproduce in sufficient quantities and gradually disappeared. There are still no favorable conditions for its full natural reproduction (there are very few places where spawning and development of fry could successfully occur). To provide them, river reclamation is necessary, otherwise, without human help (artificial collection of eggs and their incubation), the fish will not be able to maintain their numbers.

Fishing spots

In fact, fishing is possible anywhere on the Caspian Sea coast, which can be reached by land or water. What types of fish will be caught depends on local conditions, but to a greater extent on whether the rivers flow here. As a rule, in places where estuaries and deltas are located (especially large watercourses), the water in the sea is greatly desalinated, so freshwater fish (carp, catfish, bream, etc.) usually predominate in the catches; species characteristic of the flowing rivers may also be found. rivers (usachi, shemaya). Of the marine species in desalinated areas, those for which salinity does not matter (mullet, some gobies) are caught. At certain periods of the year, semi-anadromous and anadromous species can be found here, feeding in the sea and entering rivers to spawn (sturgeon, some herrings, Caspian salmon). In places where there are no flowing rivers, freshwater species are found in slightly smaller numbers, but marine fish also appear, usually avoiding desalinated areas (for example, sea pike perch). Away from the coast, fish that prefer salt water and deep-sea species are caught.

Conventionally, we can distinguish 9 places or areas that are interesting in terms of fishing:

1. North Shore (RF)- this site is located on the northern coast of the Russian Federation (from the Volga delta to the Kizlyar Bay). Its main features are low salinity of water (the lowest in the Caspian Sea), shallow depth, the presence of multiple shoals, islands, and highly developed aquatic vegetation. In addition to the Volga delta with its numerous channels, bays and eriks, it also includes the estuary coastal area, called the Caspian Peaks. These places are popular among Russian fishermen, and for good reason: the conditions for fish here are very favorable, and there is also a good food supply. The ichthyofauna in these parts may not shine with a wealth of species, but it is distinguished by its abundance, and some of its representatives reach quite considerable sizes. Typically, the bulk of the catches are freshwater fish characteristic of the Volga basin. Most often caught: perch, pike perch, roach (more precisely, its varieties called roach and ram), rudd, asp, sabrefish, bream, silver carp, carp, catfish, pike. Somewhat less common are black bream, silver bream, white-eye, and bluegill. Representatives of sturgeons (sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, beluga, etc.) and salmonids (nelma, brown trout - Caspian salmon) are also found in these places, but their fishing is prohibited.
2. Northwestern coast (RF)- this section covers the western coast of the Russian Federation (from Kizlyar Bay to Makhachkala). The rivers Kuma, Terek and Sulak flow here - they carry their waters both through natural channels and artificial canals. There are bays in this area, some of which are quite large (Kizlyarsky, Agrakhansky). The sea in these places is shallow. Freshwater fish predominate in the catches: pike, perch, carp, catfish, rudd, bream, barbel, etc., and marine species are also caught here, for example, herring (blackback, bellyfish).
3. West Bank (RF)- from Makhachkala to the border of the Russian Federation with Azerbaijan. An area where mountain ranges adjoin the sea. The salinity of the water here is slightly higher than in previous places, so marine species are more common in fishermen's catches (sea pike perch, mullet, herring). However, freshwater fish are by no means uncommon.
4. West Bank (Azerbaijan)- from the border of the Russian Federation with Azerbaijan along the Absheron Peninsula. Continuation of the area where mountain ranges adjoin the sea. Fishing here is even more similar to typical offshore fishing, with fish such as razorback and mullet and several species of gobies also caught here. In addition to them, there are kutum, herring, and some typically freshwater species, for example, carp.
5. Southwestern coast (Azerbaijan)- from the Absheron Peninsula to the border of Azerbaijan with Iran. Most of this area is occupied by the Kura River delta. The same types of fish that were listed in the previous paragraph are caught here, but freshwater ones are somewhat more common.
6. Northern coast (Kazakhstan)- this section covers the northern coast of Kazakhstan. The Ural delta and the Akzhaiyk state reserve are located here, so fishing directly in the river delta and in some adjacent water areas is prohibited. Fishing can only be done outside the reserve - upstream from the delta, or in the sea - at some distance from it. Fishing near the Ural delta has much in common with fishing at the confluence of the Volga - almost the same species of fish are found here.
7. Northeast coast (Kazakhstan)- from the mouth of the Emba to Cape Tyub-Karagan. Unlike the northern part of the sea, where the water is greatly diluted by large rivers flowing in, its salinity here increases slightly, so those species of fish appear that avoid desalinated areas, for example, sea pike perch, which is fished in Dead Kultuk Bay. Also, other representatives of marine fauna are often found in the catches.
8. Eastern coast (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan)- from Cape Tyub-Karagan to the border of Turkmenistan and Iran. It is distinguished by the almost complete absence of flowing rivers. The salinity of the water here is at its maximum. Of the fish in these places, marine species predominate; the bulk of the catches are mullet, sea pike perch and gobies.
9. South Bank (Iran)- covers the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Throughout this section, the Elborz mountain range adjoins the sea. Many rivers flow here, most of which are small streams, there are also several medium-sized and one large river. Of the fish, in addition to marine species, there are also some freshwater, as well as semi-anadromous and anadromous species, for example, sturgeon.

Fishing Features

The most popular and catchy amateur gear used on the Caspian coast is a heavy spinning rod, converted into a “sea bottom”. It is usually equipped with a durable reel on which a fairly thick fishing line (0.3 mm or more) is wound. The thickness of the fishing line is determined not so much by the size of the fish, but by the mass of a fairly heavy sinker, which is necessary for ultra-long casting (in the Caspian Sea it is widely believed that the farther from the shore the casting point is, the better). After the sinker comes a thinner line - with several leashes. The bait used is shrimp and amphipods that live in coastal algae thickets - if you plan to catch sea fish, or ordinary bait like a worm, chafer larvae and others - if there are freshwater species in the fishing area.

, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan

Geographical position

Caspian Sea - view from space.

The Caspian Sea is located at the junction of two parts of the Eurasian continent - Europe and Asia. The length of the Caspian Sea from north to south is approximately 1200 kilometers (36°34"-47°13" N), from west to east - from 195 to 435 kilometers, on average 310-320 kilometers (46°-56° c. d.).

The Caspian Sea is conventionally divided according to physical and geographical conditions into 3 parts - Northern Caspian, Middle Caspian and Southern Caspian. The conditional border between the Northern and Middle Caspian runs along the line of the island. Chechen - Cape Tyub-Karagansky, between the Middle and Southern Caspian Sea - along the line of the island. Residential - Cape Gan-Gulu. The area of ​​the Northern, Middle and Southern Caspian Sea is 25, 36, 39 percent, respectively.

Coast of the Caspian Sea

Coast of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan

The territory adjacent to the Caspian Sea is called the Caspian region.

Peninsulas of the Caspian Sea

• Ashur-Ada
• Garasu
• Zyanbil
• Khara-Zira
• Sengi-Mugan
• Chygyl

Bays of the Caspian Sea

• Russia (Dagestan, Kalmykia and Astrakhan region) - in the west and northwest, the length of the coastline is about 1930 kilometers
• Kazakhstan - in the north, northeast and east, the length of the coastline is about 2320 kilometers
• Turkmenistan - in the southeast, the length of the coastline is about 650 kilometers
• Iran - in the south, the length of the coastline is about 1000 kilometers
• Azerbaijan - in the southwest, the length of the coastline is about 800 kilometers

Cities on the Caspian Sea coast

On the Russian coast are the cities of Lagan, Makhachkala, Kaspiysk, Izberbash and the southernmost city of Russia, Derbent. Astrakhan is also considered a port city of the Caspian Sea, which, however, is not located on the shores of the Caspian Sea, but in the Volga delta, 60 kilometers from the northern coast of the Caspian Sea.

Physiography

Area, depth, volume of water

The area and volume of water in the Caspian Sea varies significantly depending on fluctuations in water levels. At a water level of −26.75 m, the area is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, the volume of water is 78,648 cubic kilometers, which is approximately 44% of the world's lake water reserves. The maximum depth of the Caspian Sea is in the South Caspian depression, 1025 meters from its surface level. In terms of maximum depth, the Caspian Sea is second only to Baikal (1620 m) and Tanganyika (1435 m). The average depth of the Caspian Sea, calculated from the bathygraphic curve, is 208 meters. At the same time, the northern part of the Caspian Sea is shallow, its maximum depth does not exceed 25 meters, and the average depth is 4 meters.

Water level fluctuations

Vegetable world

The flora of the Caspian Sea and its coast is represented by 728 species. The predominant plants in the Caspian Sea are algae - blue-green, diatoms, red, brown, characeae and others, and flowering plants - zoster and ruppia. In origin, the flora is predominantly of Neogene age, but some plants were brought into the Caspian Sea by humans deliberately or on the bottoms of ships.

History of the Caspian Sea

Origin of the Caspian Sea

Anthropological and cultural history of the Caspian Sea

Finds in the Khuto Cave off the southern coast of the Caspian Sea indicate that man lived in these areas approximately 75 thousand years ago. The first mentions of the Caspian Sea and the tribes living on its coast are found in Herodotus. Around the V-II centuries. BC e. Saka tribes lived on the Caspian coast. Later, during the period of settlement of the Turks, in the period of the 4th-5th centuries. n. e. Talysh tribes (Talysh) lived here. According to ancient Armenian and Iranian manuscripts, Russians sailed the Caspian Sea from the 9th-10th centuries.

Research of the Caspian Sea

Research of the Caspian Sea was started by Peter the Great, when, on his order, an expedition was organized in 1714-1715 under the leadership of A. Bekovich-Cherkassky. In the 1720s, hydrographic research was continued by the expedition of Karl von Werden and F. I. Soimonov, and later by I. V. Tokmachev, M. I. Voinovich and other researchers. At the beginning of the 19th century, instrumental surveys of the shores were carried out by I. F. Kolodkin, in the mid-19th century. - instrumental geographical survey under the direction of N. A. Ivashintsev. Since 1866, for more than 50 years, expeditionary research on the hydrology and hydrobiology of the Caspian Sea was carried out under the leadership of N. M. Knipovich. In 1897, the Astrakhan Research Station was founded. In the first decades of Soviet power, geological research by I.M. Gubkin and other Soviet geologists was actively carried out in the Caspian Sea, mainly aimed at searching for oil, as well as research to study the water balance and level fluctuations of the Caspian Sea.

Economy of the Caspian Sea

Mining of oil and gas

Many oil and gas fields are being developed in the Caspian Sea. Proven oil resources in the Caspian Sea are about 10 billion tons, total oil and gas condensate resources are estimated at 18-20 billion tons.

Oil production in the Caspian Sea began in 1820, when the first oil well was drilled on the Absheron shelf near Baku. In the second half of the 19th century, oil production began on an industrial scale on the Absheron Peninsula, and then in other territories.

Shipping

Shipping is developed in the Caspian Sea. There are ferry crossings on the Caspian Sea, in particular, Baku - Turkmenbashi, Baku - Aktau, Makhachkala - Aktau. The Caspian Sea has a shipping connection with the Sea of ​​Azov through the Volga, Don and Volga-Don Canal rivers.

Fishing and seafood production

Fishing (sturgeon, bream, carp, pike perch, sprat), caviar production, as well as seal fishing. More than 90 percent of the world's sturgeon catch occurs in the Caspian Sea. In addition to industrial mining, illegal fishing of sturgeon and their caviar flourishes in the Caspian Sea.

Recreational resources

The natural environment of the Caspian coast with sandy beaches, mineral waters and healing mud in the coastal zone creates good conditions for recreation and treatment. At the same time, in terms of the degree of development of resorts and the tourism industry, the Caspian coast is noticeably inferior to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. At the same time, in recent years, the tourism industry has been actively developing on the coasts of Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Russian Dagestan. In Azerbaijan, the resort area in the Baku region is actively developing. At the moment, a world-class resort has been created in Amburan, another modern tourist complex is being built in the area of ​​​​the village of Nardaran, and holidays in the sanatoriums of the villages of Bilgah and Zagulba are very popular. A resort area is also being developed in Nabran, in northern Azerbaijan. However, high prices, a generally low level of service and a lack of advertising lead to the fact that there are almost no foreign tourists at the Caspian resorts. The development of the tourism industry in Turkmenistan is hampered by a long-term policy of isolation, in Iran - Sharia laws, due to which mass holidays of foreign tourists on the Caspian coast of Iran are impossible.

Ecological problems

Environmental problems of the Caspian Sea are associated with water pollution as a result of oil production and transportation on the continental shelf, the flow of pollutants from the Volga and other rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea, the life activity of coastal cities, as well as the flooding of individual objects due to rising levels of the Caspian Sea. Predatory production of sturgeon and their caviar, rampant poaching lead to a decrease in the number of sturgeon and to forced restrictions on their production and export.

International status of the Caspian Sea

Legal status of the Caspian Sea

After the collapse of the USSR, the division of the Caspian Sea has long been and still remains the subject of unresolved disagreements related to the division of Caspian shelf resources - oil and gas, as well as biological resources. For a long time, negotiations were ongoing between the Caspian states on the status of the Caspian Sea - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan insisted on dividing the Caspian along the median line, Iran insisted on dividing the Caspian by one-fifth between all Caspian states.

In relation to the Caspian Sea, the key is the physical-geographical circumstance that it is a closed inland body of water that does not have a natural connection with the World Ocean. Accordingly, the norms and concepts of international maritime law, in particular, the provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of ​​1982, should not be automatically applied to the Caspian Sea. Based on this, in relation to the Caspian Sea it would be unlawful to apply such concepts as “territorial sea”, “exclusive economic zone", "continental shelf", etc.

The current legal regime of the Caspian Sea was established by the Soviet-Iranian treaties of 1921 and 1940. These treaties provide for freedom of navigation throughout the sea, freedom of fishing with the exception of ten-mile national fishing zones and a ban on vessels flying the flag of non-Caspian states sailing in its waters.

Negotiations on the legal status of the Caspian Sea are currently ongoing.

Delineation of sections of the Caspian seabed for subsoil use

The Russian Federation concluded an agreement with Kazakhstan on delimiting the bottom of the northern part of the Caspian Sea in order to exercise sovereign rights to subsoil use (dated July 6, 1998 and the Protocol thereto dated May 13, 2002), an agreement with Azerbaijan on delimiting adjacent areas of the bottom of the northern part of the Caspian Sea (dated September 23, 2002), as well as the trilateral Russian-Azerbaijani-Kazakh agreement on the junction point of the demarcation lines of adjacent sections of the bottom of the Caspian Sea (dated May 14, 2003), which established the geographical coordinates of the dividing lines limiting the sections of the bottom within which the parties exercise their sovereign rights in the field of exploration and production of mineral resources.

Holidays on the shores of the Caspian Sea– an excellent alternative for those who want to have a pleasant rest away from the hustle and bustle, gain new impressions and vitality, improve their children’s health, but do not have the financial means to travel to distant warm countries.

Cheap flights to Makhachkala

General information

The Caspian Sea, which is the largest lake in the world, stretches from North to South for approximately 1200 km. Its width is on average up to 320 km. The water surface area is about 370 thousand km 2. The level of the Caspian Sea is almost 28 meters below ocean level.

The maximum depth was recorded in the South Caspian depression and is 1025 meters. The unique sea-lake is rich in small islands, about 50 of them. More than 100 rivers flow into the sea, among them the Volga, Ural, Kura, Atrek, Terek and others.

The Caspian Sea is famous for its unique flora and fauna. In its warm waters you can find more than 850 species of fish and animals, more than 500 species of plants. Many representatives of flora and fauna are listed in the Red Book.

The sea is rich in fish, including valuable sturgeon. The Caspian seal lives in warm waters. There are no sharks or other fish that are predatory and dangerous to humans.

Nature lovers can visit the famous Astrakhan International Biosphere Reserve. This is a magnificent natural monument. In spring and summer, people especially come here to admire the amazingly beautiful phenomenon: fields of blooming lotus.

Russian resorts of the Caspian Sea

The length of the coast of the Russian part of the Caspian Sea is more than 600 kilometers. Large sandy beaches, warm sea, pleasant weather - excellent prospects for organizing a quality summer holiday. The best Russian resorts of the Caspian Sea are located in Dagestan.

Makhachkala, Kaspiysk, Izberbash, Lagan, Derbent, Dagestan Lights– famous seaside resort towns.

Climate

The coast of the Astrakhan region has a temperate climate. Warm weather lasts from the first days of May until the first half of September. During the season, clear, warm weather prevails (average temperature 24-25 0 C). Cloudy days and rain are rare. The hottest month is July.

In summer, the sea water warms up to 23-28°C along the entire length of the Russian coastline.

Accommodation

On the Caspian coast of Russia more than 150 boarding houses and recreation centers. Vacationers can buy a ticket in advance or register on the spot.

In Derbent and Kaspiysk, tourists will be warmly greeted by the staff of large, comfortable hotels.

Vacationers also have small cozy hotels for family holidays. You can find comfortable housing in the private sector. The prices are very affordable.

How to get there?

You can get to the Astrakhan coast of the Caspian Sea by the following route: by train or plane to the regional center of Astrakhan, and then by bus, taxi or water transport to your destination.

The resorts of Dagestan can be reached by local transport(bus, taxi) from the capital of the republic, Makhachkala, which can be reached by train or intercity bus.

Treatment

Those who wish can relax and undergo treatment at the Caspiy sanatorium, which is located on the seashore 40 km from Makhachkala. This hydropathic clinic with healing mineral baths is equipped with modern diagnostic equipment.

The course of treatment is designed for 21 days, which gives a noticeable balneological effect.

Sanatorium "Lezzet" is a climatic, sea, balneo-mud resort on the Caspian Sea. It is located 8 kilometers from Makhachkala airport.

Specialized areas: diseases of the nervous, musculoskeletal, genitourinary, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory systems, gynecological problems and infertility.

The resort will help you combine seaside holidays with treatment "Talgi". The health resort is located in Makhachkala.

Specialization – treatment and prevention of diseases of the joints, nervous and genitourinary systems. Unique sulfide waters with hydrogen sulfide are used for treatment.

Recreation and entertainment

All resorts and health resorts on the Russian coast have developed infrastructure and created conditions for good recreation: sports facilities, cafes, restaurants, various attractions; boat trips, fishing, and thematic excursions are organized for those who wish.

Holidays in the Astrakhan region

The city of Astrakhan is located in the Caspian lowland in the delta of the Volga River. This ancient city is included in tourist tours and is popular among travelers.

Guests are attracted by wonderful architectural ensembles, majestic churches, and interesting museums. At the end of summer and autumn, you can enjoy the famous Astrakhan watermelons and fragrant melons from the garden.

From the regional center to the Caspian Sea is only 60 km.

The most common and affordable housing for vacationers and tourists in the Volga delta and on the Caspian coast are recreation centers. As a rule, these are small cozy houses located in picturesque corners.

"Dardanelles", recreation center

The Astrakhan region is an excellent region for lovers of fishing and outdoor activities. Fishermen have long chosen the Dardanelles recreation center, located in the Volga River delta. In the modern building, the rooms are equipped with air conditioning, refrigerators, and bathrooms.

For vacationers, high-quality meals are provided three times a day. At the base restaurant you can prepare delicious dishes from your own catch.

Vacationers have a sauna and billiards at their disposal. Guests are offered a variety of excursions, including to Astrakhan, boat trips on the sea and the Volga.

Address: With. Zaton, Kamyzyaksky district, Astrakhan region (base 9 km)

"Tortuga", fishing base

"Tortuga" in terms of cost of living is not very different from "Dardanelle". A standard house has comfortable furniture, household appliances, necessary utensils, and bathrooms. It is very comfortable for families with children to stay here.

Those who wish can stay in a floating house. The necessary fishing equipment can be rented on site.

Address: With. Vyshka, Limansky district, Astrakhan region.

Country of mountains - Dagestan– offers tourists the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea, ski resorts, unique nature and culture, ancient monuments and wonderful national cuisine.

And although the idea of ​​holidays in Dagestan is perceived ambiguously due to doubts about safety, many guests come to the republic. This mountain region is very beautiful and original.

Resort complex "Chindirchero"

This popular holiday destination welcomes guests all year round.

In summer, guests can enjoy relaxing by the sea.

For vacationers:

• windsurfing;
• kiting;
• rafting.

All conditions for paragliding and rock climbing have also been created.

In winter, Chindirchero is a popular ski resort.

Address: With. Ginta, Akushinsky district, Makhachkala,

Derbent

Derbent, a city with a history of 5 thousand years, is one of the most attractive resorts for tourism on the shores of the Caspian Sea. The Derbent region is a subtropical paradise with lush nature and plenty of sun. The beauty of the sea coast is framed by picturesque mountains.

Derbent has many ancient monuments and interesting sights. Vacationers can enjoy exciting excursions, including helicopter ones. There are hotels, inns, and tourist centers both in the city and in its surroundings.

The most popular hotels in Derbent:

• Hotel Krasny Bak;
• Hotel Complex Europe;
• Elit Hotel.

The resort can be reached by train or regular minibus from the bus station of Makhachkala or Kaspiysk. The Moscow - Baku train stops in Derbent.

Izberbash

This picturesque city is located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, covered with picturesque forests.

The warm sea, extensive sandy beaches, and amazing landscapes attract tourists. The combination of sea and mountain air and the presence of healing mineral springs make it possible to improve your health.

Tourist base "Priboy"

The windows of the three-story building of the tourist center offer magnificent views. The living rooms have all the necessary amenities, air conditioning and TVs. Vacationers have a clean, well-maintained beach at their disposal.

The camp site offers delicious, healthy food, a cozy bar, and a guarded parking lot.

Address: village Primorsky, Izberbash.

Reviews

“We came for the first time from Orenburg. Nature is simply a miracle! Everything is so beautiful – I didn’t part with my camera. The base itself is a most picturesque corner. An ideal place to relax. It’s a pity that we didn’t provide complete information and came for a three-day tour.

Next time we'll try to stay longer. Excellent service. Such hospitality and cordiality is rare to find. We left with great regret. We will definitely come back."

“There are beaches in Derbent. But most of them are rented from private owners. City beaches usually quickly fill with garbage and are poorly cleaned, and this fact does not even soften the charm of clear, beautiful, warm sea water.”

Resorts of Kazakhstan on the Caspian Sea

Amazing nature and warm healing water of the sea make holidays in the Caspian Sea very attractive. People come to Kazakhstan to the coast to relax and improve their health. It offers comfortable sandy beaches, natural mineral springs and healing mud.

Aktau is the only city near the Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan.

On the Kazakh coast, the infrastructure is not yet very developed. However, there are already many pleasant places where tourists come with pleasure.

How to get there?

You can get to Aktau only by train or plane. Getting there by road is difficult not only because of the very long distance, but also because of the quality of the local roads.

Climate

On the coast of the Caspian Sea, winters are mild and summers are dry and warm. On a summer day the air temperature rises to +30..+32 degrees, and at night it drops to +20 degrees. The beach season lasts from May to September.

Accommodation

There will be no problems with accommodation in Aktau, even if you do not come with a tour package. There are more than 20 modern comfortable hotels in the city.

The most popular of them:

• "Aktau";
• "Chagala" ;
• "Zheruyik".

Treatment

On the Kazakh coast of the Caspian Sea, two large complexes with a range of medical and recreational facilities can be distinguished: “Kenderli” - 300 km from Aktau and “Stigle”, near the city. A unique balneological hospital "Chagall" located within the city.

Recreation and entertainment

"Kenderlik"

A sports and fitness complex is located near Aktau. It attracts lovers of active recreation. This modern complex meets all international norms and standards.

Guests stay in small cozy cottages located on the shore or in comfortable hotel rooms, which include a sauna, indoor swimming pool, solarium and winter garden.

Guests can enjoy a billiard room, gyms, tennis courts, an outdoor summer swimming pool, football and volleyball courts, a bowling alley, a dance floor, bars and a restaurant.

"Chagala", sanatorium

The sanatorium-preventorium “Chagala” (“Chaika”) offers quality rest and recreation. This is a unique balneological hospital. It is located on the shores of the Caspian Sea, within the city of Aktau.

Guests are offered single and double rooms with private facilities. The sanatorium building has a comfortable winter garden where you can relax and admire exotic plants.

Vacationers can visit the entertainment center, casino, technology park, and roller skating area.

Excursion tours to historical places and natural monuments of Mangyshlak will give you new impressions.

Address: Aktau, mn 1, coastal zone.

On the seashore 18 kilometers from Aktau there is a modern sports and recreational entertainment center "Stigl". There are two hotels on the territory of the center. This complex is equipped in accordance with international standards.

On its territory there is a unique sea sauna, SPA salon, fitness center, massage rooms, as well as cafes, restaurants, and attractions.

Reviews

“There are a lot of interesting things within Aktau. Be sure to check out the local history museum – it’s very educational. There are a lot of interesting things to see outside the city. Particularly memorable were the Chalk Rocks and Tamshaly– a beautiful green oasis in an open field.

Tears drop along one rock, and when they pass under them, they make a wish. An ancient fishermen's village - cool houses made of stone. There are many interesting places in Aktau. And, of course, the sea!!!”

“I didn’t expect the Caspian to be so beautiful. I've flown by helicopter several times, and every time - a sea of ​​impressions. I couldn't get enough of it. The color of the water is soft turquoise, almost like the Mediterranean in Greece. The coast in Kazakhstan near Ustyurt is magnificent.”

Resorts of Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea

Swimming season on the Caspian coast of Azerbaijan starts already in April and continues until the end of September. The sea in these latitudes does not freeze. The mild climate allows you to enjoy sea air all year round.

How to get there?

You can get to all the resorts on the Azerbaijani coast of the Caspian Sea from the capital of the country, Baku. It’s better not to go on such a long trip in your own car., but use the services of railway or air transport.

Climate

Climatic conditions on the coast are closer to subtropical. Very sunny and warm: the sun shines approximately 2700 days a year. The average temperature in summer is +27 0 C. Sometimes the temperature rises to 43 0 C. The hottest month is July.

The best time to visit Azerbaijan is from the end of April to the end of June, as well as September and October.

Accommodation

In the capital and big cities there are large hotels (there are more than 100 of them in Baku), small private hotels, and it is also easy to rent private housing, which will be cheaper. Vouchers to numerous sanatoriums, recreation centers, and boarding houses can be purchased in advance or issued on the spot.

Treatment

The country is famous for its health facilities. It offers comfortable resorts with developed infrastructure, comfortable hotels and private accommodation. Most apartments are located in close proximity to the sea.

Azerbaijan has long been known for its resorts and sanatoriums. Many tourists come to the coast not only for impressions and relaxation by the sea, but also for health. On the western shore of the Caspian Sea there are unique resorts with hot springs.

The coastal strip of the Azerbaijani Caspian Sea is divided into three zones according to natural and climatic features:

• Khudat-Yalama belt. It is famous for its sandy beaches, relict forests, and healing springs. The popular Nabran resort is located here.
• Absheron Peninsula. The settlements of Mardakany, Bilgya, Buzovna, Zugulba, Surakhany are famous resorts where, along with relaxation by the sea, preventive measures and treatment of various diseases are carried out. Here they use silt mud, thermal sulfide water (Shykh), and mineral water from iodine-bromine natural springs.
• Lankaran-Astara district. This region not only has a favorable subtropical climate, but also many thermal and mineral springs.

If you are tired and not feeling well, then be sure to come to Azerbaijan. Pure sea water with a unique composition, sunbathing, mild mountain climate and other natural features help in the prevention and treatment of many diseases.

Recreation and entertainment

You can relax by the sea in Baku, Sumgait, Alat, Astara. Tourists enjoy taking beach tours to Khudat, Nabran, Khachmas and Lankaran. Pebble beaches, warm sea water, clean, healthy air are a kind of calling card of all these resort towns.

Tourists are also attracted by numerous ancient architectural monuments, the beauty of forests, mountains, mountain rivers and waterfalls.

The cozy village of Nabran is one of the most beautiful corners on the entire coast of the Caspian Sea. It is surrounded by lush greenery of numerous gardens and vineyards.

There is everything for a pleasant stay and recovery: warm salty sea waters, well-groomed beaches, picturesque coastline, relict oak forests.

There are a large number of mineral springs in the vicinity of the resort village. And you can enjoy the freshest fruits, vegetables, and vitamin-rich herbs most of the year.

In numerous cafes, restaurants and disco bars you can not only taste delicious national cuisine, but also have a good time.

Not far from the village there is a swimming pool, a large sports complex and a water park with interesting attractions. So there will be no time to be bored.