How Finns celebrate the New Year. Fireworks, fortune telling and potato salad, or the subtleties of celebrating the Finnish New Year. How to relax for the New Year in Finland

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Finns celebrate New Year modestly, because the second of January is a working day in Finland. Finns wait for gifts, a Christmas tree and theirs, but for the New Year there are restaurants, champagne and fireworks.

New Year's cultural program

Unlike the cozy family Christmas, which Finns traditionally celebrate at home with their families, Finland celebrates the New Year in restaurants, at social salon parties, in the company of colleagues and acquaintances. Moreover, it greets you during the day: rarely is any restaurant open until 12.00 on New Year’s Eve.

At home, Finns don’t like to bother with holiday cooking, especially overnight. The most popular, even classic New Year's treat with champagne is sausages and potato salad. Of course, not our Olivier, but simply boiled potatoes with onions, vegetable oil and vinegar. And good tasty sausages.

New Year- the only opportunity to launch a certain amount of money into the Finnish sky: it is allowed to burn firecrackers there only from 18.00 on December 31st to 6.00 am on January 1st.

Finnish New Year (as a holiday) ends early. Perhaps because an old Finnish belief says: whoever gets up early on the first day of the New Year will be cheerful and fresh all year. By the way, Finns believe that if you don’t scold children on January 1, they will be obedient all year long.

Preserved traditions

An old Finnish tradition includes fortune telling on tin. In Finland you can still buy special tin ingots. The correct blanks should be in the shape of a horseshoe, because the horseshoe itself brings happiness.

Just before the New Year, you need to remember the old year with a kind word and think about plans for the future. Wish for yourself happiness, love, money, promotion, etc. Then melt the tin in a ladle or saucepan and pour it into a bucket of cold water. Continuing to think about happiness, love, money, promotion...

The shape of the frozen tin will tell you whether your plans will come true or not. You need to interpret the future by looking at either a frozen tin figurine or its shadow on the wall from a candle flame.

You need to look carefully, twisting and turning the tin in all directions. Lace patterns for money, a heart for love, a boat for a trip, the key to career advancement and strengthening authority, little men for a wedding. If molten tin in water scatters into pieces, it is a sign of sadness.

There are a total of 14 presentations in the topic

Finnish New Year and Christmas traditions.

In Finland, the first signs of the approaching Christmas and New Year holidays appear already at the end of October, when traditional Christmas gingerbread cookies - piparkakku - appear on sale in stores in huge quantities. Christmas is the main winter holiday, which is celebrated on the night of December 24-25. Christmas is preceded by four Advents - four Sunday days. On the first Advent, the official opening of the Christmas streets takes place; from this day on, Finland is immersed in a Christmas fairy tale: city streets, shop windows, squares and public gardens begin to sparkle and sparkle with festive illumination. Beauty! We all know that Finland is the birthplace and permanent residence of Santa Claus. In Lapland in northern Finland there is a village with the residence of Santa Claus, where he lives with his fairy-tale helpers and prepares gifts for children for Christmas and New Year throughout the year. In Finland, Santa Claus is called Joulupukki.

Christmas is traditionally a family holiday. Close relatives tend to gather together in the house of the oldest member of the family. Everyone prepares and sets the Christmas table together. By the way, among the Finns the main day is not December 25, but December 24 - Christmas Eve. In the ancient city of Turku, the former capital of Finland, on December 24 at exactly 12 o'clock the so-called Christmas world is officially and solemnly declared. The custom of declaring Christmas peace, when war and all work should cease, has its roots in ancient times, all the way back to the 13th century. Currently, the ceremony takes place in front of a huge crowd of spectators in the main square of Turku, and this ceremony is broadcast on television throughout Finland. Shops are also open only until 12 o'clock; you can have time to buy something else: gifts, food and drinks. With the announcement of the Christmas world, Finland begins to celebrate Christmas. It is on December 24 that everyone gives each other gifts and the main family feast is organized with traditional Christmas dishes and drinks: salmon and salted caviar of various fish, vinaigrette with herring, the main Christmas dish - baked ham, potato casserole, gingerbread and sweet buns, light beer and berry fruit drinks, etc. By 5 pm, Finns and their families go to the church at the cemetery, where they take part in a solemn service, and then go to the graves of their loved ones and place funeral candles there. This ritual is not sad and mournful in nature, because... everyone remembers the eternal life that Christmas represents. From the cemetery everyone returns home to a laid table and waits for Joulupukki to arrive with gifts. It is a bad omen to be alone on Christmas Day, so large family groups try to invite lonely acquaintances to their feasts. A very good custom.

The New Year's holiday in Finland is an extension of Christmas, young people usually celebrate this holiday in nightclubs, and older people at private house parties. Gifts are not given on this holiday, and the table is not set as generously as at Christmas. Sausages, potato salad, small sandwiches - canapés and, of course, champagne are served on the New Year's table. With the last twelfth stroke of the clock, everyone clinks glasses of champagne and shouts in unison: “Happy New Year!” Then everyone goes out into the street and sets off fireworks and salutes that are allowed that night until 02.00. The main fireworks display is held in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, on Senate Square, where thousands of people gather to celebrate the New Year. Happy New Year 2016 and Merry Christmas!

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Slide captions:

Finland Tervetuloa Suomi

The flag of Finland appeared only in 1917, when the Finnish kingdom gained independence.

Helsinki has been the capital of Finland since 1917 and the largest city in Finland. Located in the south of the country, on the shores of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea.

The population of Finland is more than 5 million people. Ethnic composition: Finns and Swedes. Finland is officially bilingual. Between 1806 and 1917, Russian was the third official language. The average population density is 17 people. per sq. km. Most Finns belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church.

Traditional clothing of the peoples of Finland

Christmas and New Year in Finland

History of the holiday Christmas in Finland began to be celebrated after the adoption of Christianity, but the traditions of its celebration were strongly intertwined with pagan ones. So, the mummers went around the houses - carolers, only the Star of Bethlehem appeared, and the singing of Christmas carols. The costumed goat distributing gifts became the Finnish Santa Claus - Joulupukki. On Christmas Eve it was customary to finish work early in order to get enough sleep before the Christmas service. It was believed that on Christmas night ghosts and devils walked the Earth. . Food and a melted bath were left for the “spirits,” and evil spirits were scared away with a cross painted on the doors. That same night it was customary to tell fortunes about the betrothed. On Christmas Eve, everyone tried to get up early, as there is a humorous custom that the one who woke up first can whip the one who is still dreaming. According to the old tradition, it is on Christmas Eve in Finland that a Christmas sheaf of oat or wheat stalks is hung on a high pole near the house (or on the roof), intended for birds who find it especially difficult at this time. Christmas Eve is also sauna time, which the whole family goes to.

The modern festive Christmas period lasts four weeks and is called "Advent". The first mention of “Advent” dates back to 524. All this time, the Christmas fast lasts, accompanied by Lutheran concerts, church ceremonies and Christmas streets, elegantly decorated with garlands. The first such street was decorated in the city of Pietarsaari in 1840. Throughout the month, the countdown to Christmas is underway. Children do this with the help of special two-layer calendars, behind each numbered tear-off window of which you can find a chocolate bar or a picture. Such calendars are an invention of the distant past - it was invented at the end of the 19th century by the German woman Frau Lang for her son to make the anticipation of Christmas more interesting. Gradually, this children's calendar gained recognition throughout the world.

The first holiday parties are hosted by women who continue the tradition of getting together and creating Christmas decorations to sell at charity fairs. These meetings, which have existed since 1920, are called “little Christmas” (Finnish: Pikkujoulu). Four weeks before Christmas, adults light one candle on each Sunday of Advent. The candle is not allowed to burn out completely, but is extinguished until the next Sunday, when two candles are already lit, etc. By Christmas, all four candles were burning on the windows of Finnish houses.

Holiday schedule December 13 Lucia Day Swedish-speaking families in Finland celebrate Lucia Day. Lucia's Day used to be celebrated on the shortest day of the year, which is why Lucia, the Queen of Light, became so popular in the north. The national Lucia of Finland is elected from among ten young girls by public vote.

Christmas tree On December 23, the main symbol of the holiday appears in Finnish homes - a spruce tree elegantly decorated with straw geometric “himmeli” figures, flags of different countries and other toys. On the eve of Christmas Eve, candles are lit on it.

Christmas Eve “Christmas World” On December 24, on Christmas Eve, families try to get together. At exactly noon in Turku, “Christmas World” is announced in the old square, everyone congratulates each other, watches the festive ceremony of the beginning of the holiday live or on TV and begins the Christmas meal. At 5 p.m., celebratory services are held in churches, after which Finns go to cemeteries and bring candles and fir wreaths to the graves of their relatives.

Christmas dinner on December 25, the feast of Christmas itself, is spent in quiet, pious reflection. All public institutions and city transport are closed. The most visited place on this day is the church.

Tapani Day On December 26, fun festivities, dances and feasts begin, continuing the traditions of the medieval Tapani Day or St. Stephen's Day. On this day, caroling takes place in the costumes of goats, “Christmas cranes,” and evil spirits.

Finnish Christmas table Traditionally, at Christmas in Finland they serve baked pork ham and milk rice porridge, in which one almond grain is hidden (the lucky owner is predicted to have a successful year and good health). The old belief that whoever takes the first spoon of porridge will die in the coming year led to a new tradition of serving porridge on the table with a spoon already stuck into it, which is then put aside. Hot casseroles of potatoes, carrots and rutabaga are indispensable dishes on the Christmas table. Among cold appetizers, Finns prefer beet salad - an analogue of vinaigrette, freshly salted salmon or whitefish, and cold smoked salmon.

For dessert, ginger cookies or a house made of ginger cookies are served, as well as puff pastries with plum jam. A popular Finnish Christmas drink is hot glögi with spices and dried fruits. In Finnish families at Christmas you can see bread and cookies in the shape of a bird or horse, cow or sheep. Cookies in the shape of a cross are quite common. The abundance of treats on the Christmas table was emphasized by a Finnish proverb: “The heavier the head of the owner of the house from food, the better the harvest will be next year.”

Christmas decorations The color of Christmas in Finland is red. It is present both in the decorative decoration of the house (tablecloths, candles, Christmas tree decorations, flowers, etc.) and in festive clothes. In addition to the Christmas tree, which has been part of Finnish life since the 18th century, it is customary to decorate a house in Finland with flowers for Christmas. The hyacinth has been a symbol of Christmas for over 140 years. Interestingly, blue and white are considered Joulupukki's favorite colors. "Yulestian" - Christmas star - is an unusually beautiful red plant. It is still a symbol of Christmas in Finland.

Joulupukki

Joulupukki - Father Christmas who gives gifts to children at Christmas. Literally translated from Finnish it means “Christmas goat”. The latter is depicted as a straw goat and accompanies the Christmas holidays. The tradition differs little from that in other Scandinavian countries. Now Joulupukki looks like the familiar Santa Claus with a white beard, red fur coat and hat, although he retains some national characteristics. But back in the 19th century he was depicted in goat skin and sometimes even with horns. Joulupukki has a wife - Muori, the “old mistress” - the personification of winter. He has gnomes as his assistants, who sit in the “Caves of Echoes” throughout the year and listen to how children around the world behave, and before Christmas they sort out the Christmas mail and help prepare and wrap gifts. Unlike most countries, on New Year's Eve in Finland, Joulupukki personally comes to families on Christmas Eve. Most often, his role is played by a dressed-up father. Children dress up as little gnomes: in red tights, a long red hat, and a gray cotton suit. When he arrives, Joulupukki invariably asks the same question: “Are there any good children here?”, and the answer is always the same: “Yes!” Usually, on New Year's Day, Joulupukki brings in a large basket with gifts, and the children sing him songs and dance with him. Then Joulupukki tells them how far he has traveled. He lives on Mount Korvatunturi, in eastern Lapland. Children and adults accompany him with song. His little helpers just have to hand out the gifts. The earliest reports of Christmas gift giving among Finnish families date back to the early years of the 19th century. Gifts were often made with one's own hands: they gave, for example, clothes or delicacies. In the first decades of the twentieth century, manufactured goods as gifts gradually spread throughout the country. Recently, for the New Year, “home-made” gifts have again begun to be valued in Finland.

Happy New Year ja Hyvää Joulua! Happy New Year and Merry Christmas!