Chapter 18. Methodology for organizing and conducting mass tourism events

Work of the tourist section of the physical culture team

The main links in the system of organizing and conducting mass tourism work are tourist sections (tourist clubs) of physical culture groups of enterprises, organizations, institutions, collective and state farms, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, State PTU, secondary schools, Palaces and Houses of Pioneers, specialized tourist children's institutions (station for young tourists). A significant contribution to the organization of mass tourist trips is also made by tourist bases of trade unions and departments, sports and recreational and pioneer camps.

The main tasks of the tourist section (tourist club) of the physical education team are to educate tourists in the spirit of the moral principles of the builder of communism; involving workers and students in tourism and other physical culture and sports activities for the purpose of their spiritual and physical development, health promotion, and organizing active recreation.

The most important aspect of the activities of the tourist section is organizational and propaganda work on the broad development and improvement of mass amateur tourism, the fullest use of its capabilities in order to improve the ideological, political, labor and moral education of the younger generation, strengthen the health and rational use of free time of workers, comprehensive harmonious development of personality, formation of an active life position and a healthy lifestyle.

The main directions and sections of the section’s work can be briefly presented as follows:

Organization of mass tourism events: tourist rallies of teams, competitions in types of tourism and military-applied skills, weekend hikes, including qualifying hikes in the GTO complex, hikes for the "USSR Tourist" badge, star propaganda hikes to places of revolutionary, combat and labor glory of the Communist Party and the Soviet people. Tourist sections of physical education groups are called upon to develop trips that would combine educational, educational, health and sports objectives.

Extensive propaganda and agitation work aimed at involving workers and members of their families, students in weekend hikes and multi-day hikes and trips around their native land.

Heroic-patriotic education of youth is effectively carried out with the active participation of tourist sections of physical culture groups together with Komsomol organizations in holding events of the All-Union Campaign and the All-Union Tourist Expedition of Soviet Youth “My Motherland - USSR”, in providing effective practical assistance to campaign headquarters in the development of tourist routes, in strengthening their applied nature. The forms of participation of tourist sections of physical culture groups in the All-Union Campaign are diverse. These include weekend hikes, multi-day hikes for the USSR Tourist badge, star hikes, and sports-mass tourist hikes of category I difficulty in the native land.

The socially useful work of tourists in physical education groups is carried out in a wide variety of directions: in environmental protection measures and forest planting, in organizing weekend tourist routes, in lectures and concerts along hiking routes, in organizing mass tourist work at the place of residence of the population.

The educational and qualification work of the section is carried out with the aim of preparing and improving the qualifications of tourist public assets, in organizing initial tourist training of stages “A” and “B”, in preparing and sending activists of the tourist work of their team to continue training in the system of secondary tourist and instructor training.

The sports qualification work of the section consists of timely preparation of protocols for passing the standards of the GTO complex for tourism, materials for awarding the “Tourist of the USSR” badge, and registration of sports categories in tourism.

The educational and training work of the section is, first of all, the organization of a year-round training process and constant monitoring of the preparation of groups, the organization of various forms of preventive work to ensure safety on hikes and travels, and during public events.

An important section of the section’s work is the holding of tourist evenings and creative competitions: technical creativity of tourists in the development and production of tourist homemade products, artistic creativity (competitions of tourist and military-patriotic songs, slides, slide films, photographs, films, tourist badges and emblems).

Finally, a section of work on logistics for events, acquisition and production, repair and storage of tourist equipment and special equipment.

The highest form of organizing mass tourism work in a physical culture team is a tourist club, which can be organized on the basis of the tourist section of an enterprise, organization, institution, educational institution, provided that at least 300 people are involved in regular amateur tourism activities, as well as subject to a number of other conditions . The most important of them are the systematic holding of hikes, tourist rallies and competitions; annual training of elite athletes in tourism; availability of qualified tourism assets for holding events; availability of points for issuing tourist equipment and a library of tourist literature.

Organizers of mass tourism work need to clearly understand that the difference between the tourist section and the tourist club of the physical education team is not only quantitative, but above all qualitative. Only when all of the above sections of work are performed by the tourist section at a good level, when the majority of team members participate in tourist activities: weekend hikes. tourist rallies, creative competitions, when a seminar of initial tourist training runs systematically and not occasionally, when work is underway in the tourist section to prepare and improve the qualifications of the section’s assets, it is possible to resolve issues about creating a tourist club on the basis of the section.

The tourist club of the physical education team has significantly greater capabilities than the section in almost all areas of mass work. This primarily concerns the organization and conduct of rallies and mass multi-day tourist trips. The tourist club has every opportunity to conduct seminars on initial tourist training of the second stage (training leaders of hikes of the first category of complexity), and to create its own route-qualification commission, which improves the methodology for organizing and conducting such hikes.

In the work of the tourist section (tourist club) of the physical culture team, the main attention is paid to introducing newcomers to tourism, organizing and conducting weekend trips, fulfilling the regulatory requirements of the GTO complex for tourism, initial training of beginners in tourism skills, organizing and conducting tourist rallies, as well as together with the Komsomol and other public organizations, to carry out the events of the All-Union Campaign.

The work of the tourist section of the physical education team is managed by the section bureau, and the tourist club is led by the club board, elected annually at general meetings of the section or club. The structure of the section bureau or club board corresponds to the range of their tasks outlined above. In various sections of work (tourism promotion, training of tourist public personnel, route work, holding rallies, competitions, participation in events of the All-Union hike, organizing weekend hikes, organizing category hikes by type of tourism: hiking, skiing, water, mountain, cycling) are organized commissions. It is the commissions responsible for certain sections of work and types of tourism that organize and conduct mass tourism events in accordance with the work plan of the section or club.

An important organizing and methodological role in the activities of the tourist section or tourist club of a physical culture group is played by a stand system of long-term and operational information, promotion of tourist events, as well as stands containing visual material on the organization and conduct of mass tourist trips. An example of the organization of long-term and operational information is the stand “Our tourist section” (Fig. 20).

Rice. 20. Stand "Our tourist section"

Organization of weekend trips. Tourist standards of the GTO complex

One of the most important tasks of the tourist section of the physical culture team is to actively participate in promoting a healthy lifestyle, in attracting workers and members of their families (and in educational institutions - pupils and students) to engage in tourism.

Weekend hikes (one- or two-day) are carried out in the form of: tourist walks, i.e., mass, non-credit health-improving events; qualifying hikes for the GTO badge and the “Young Tourist” and “USSR Tourist” badges; a two-day training trip for students of the seminar “Initial Tourist Training “A””, aimed at training leaders of weekend trips. One- and two-day weekend trips are conducted in the same way as training ones for tourist groups preparing for a multi-day trip.

Serious attention should be paid to the difference in the goals and objectives of weekend hikes, carried out in the form of fairly regular tourist walks and qualifying hikes in the GTO complex.

Unfortunately, in many cases, the organizers of the acceptance of the standards of the GTO complex for tourism extremely simplify the “procedure”, limiting themselves to “walking” trips. However, the norms of the complex, which are as simple as possible for a given length of routes, are supplemented with a significant remark: “with testing of tourist skills,” i.e. the main emphasis is not on mileage (although for a one-day hike of a given length it is quite enough), but on testing the tourist skills of those taking the test norms/

During the hike, the following tourist knowledge and skills are tested: terrain orientation (in the open and in the forest) using a map and compass, choosing a place to set up a bivouac, setting up a tent, lighting a fire, cooking, choosing a way to overcome artificial and natural obstacles, the ability to provide first aid assistance in case of injuries and accidents.

In accordance with the Regulations, qualifying trips to the GTO complex are carried out as one-day trips. There is a definite reason for this: the fewer groups poorly prepared in bivouac techniques on routes in green areas (recreation areas) close to cities, the fewer additional problems in ensuring nature protection.

The length of the qualifying trek routes is small: BGTO III-5 - 6 km, BGTO IV - 12 km, GTO 1 - 20-25 km, GTO II - 20 km, GTO III - 15 km. But at the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind two circumstances: firstly, even with such a short length, completing the route requires (for hikes along the I-III stages of the GTO) at least 4-6 hours, and secondly, the length of the route is an indicator necessary, but not insufficient. It is the adoption of standards for knowledge and skills that is more important. Thus, in the 1985 edition of the complex, the section “Requirements for the weekly motor regime” was introduced. According to these requirements, all those passing the standards of the complex in stages II-III (i.e., all citizens aged 18 to 60 years and older) are encouraged to systematically, weekly, independent tourist hikes (walks) or to accelerate walking up to 30-35 km . And everyone who passes the standards of the complex from the 1st stage of the GTO to the 3rd stage of the GTO is recommended to have weekly ski trips from 8-10 km for children to 30-35 km for adults. Consequently, the qualifying campaign is assigned the functions of a control event.

To organize such control, quite a lot of organizational and methodological work is required. The most effective means here is the preparation of marked routes with appropriate equipment for places to meet standards for tourist knowledge and skills. The very formula used in the “Regulations on the TRP” (knowledge and skills) implies their testing both in theoretical (using cards) and in practical (at pre-prepared distances) aspects.

A one-day hike does not require special preparation of bivouac equipment and food, but small backpacks can significantly expand the capabilities of participants. Indeed, it is not advisable to cook food on a one-day hike: participants have breakfast at home, will have dinner upon their return, and on the route, during rest stops, you can have a camp lunch, for which you should take sandwiches and thermoses with you. But this is on a hike, a “walking” trip, a family one. If the hike is carried out as a test for the GTO complex, then you need to take with you a certain amount of equipment required to organize the acceptance of the GTO complex standards for tourist skills.

When passing the standards for tourist skills, knowledge and skills must be demonstrated in four components: orienteering technique, movement overcoming natural obstacles on rough terrain, tourist bivouac technique, and knowledge of techniques for providing first aid to the victim (Table 10 and Fig. 21).

Table 10.

Analysis of the requirements of the GTO complex for tourism knowledge, skills and abilities

Knowledge	Skills and abilities
Location orientation
Know the basics of topography (topographic and tourist maps of the route, the scale of a map or area plan, symbols, magnetic declination). Know the features of orientation in open and closed areas, the basics of visual surveying of the route	Be able to read a map, measure the distance traveled, confidently work with a compass (orient the map, measure azimuth angles on the map and on the ground, move in a given direction using azimuth and landmarks), determine the sides of the horizon by the sun and the clock
Organization of a tourist bivouac
Know the basic requirements for a bivouac site, fire safety rules, sanitary and hygienic rules for organizing and removing a bivouac. Know the types of fires, their use depending on the nature of the terrain, weather, etc. Know the conditions for a balanced diet on a hike	Be able to choose the optimal place for bivouac, set up a tent, prepare and light a fire, cook hot food
Movement technique
Know the basic technical techniques of movement in the chosen type of tourism (on foot, on skis, on a bicycle or on rowing boats). Know the basic ways to overcome artificial and natural obstacles	Be able to use basic techniques of movement (for example, on a ski trip - trailing a ski track, using ski moves, various methods of ascents, descents, braking and turns when moving over rough terrain)
Providing first aid
Know the main causes of injuries and accidents, basic first aid techniques (for injuries, burns, diseases)	Be able to provide first aid (perform artificial respiration, apply a tourniquet, bandage, treat a wound) and organize transportation of the victim using available means

Rice. 21

Acceptance of standards for tourism skills can be organized in the form of a test, performing exercises or participation of those passing the standards of the RLD complex in educational and control competitions. The last form, as the most meaningful and effective, is discussed in detail below.

For weekend hikes and multi-day non-category hikes, the application, route and reporting document is simultaneously the route sheet issued to the group by the conducting organization. The route sheet indicates: the name of the organization conducting the hike; last name, first name and patronymic of the leader of the campaign; numerical and roster composition of the group; calendar plan and route diagram. The route sheet is registered with the conducting organization (route sheet number, signature of the head of the conducting organization - director, chairman of the trade union committee or sports club, seal of the conducting organization), and is filed after the hike. Along the route, at control points, marks (signatures and seals) are made. Based on the route sheet, a protocol for passing the standards of the RLD complex for tourism is drawn up; on the basis of route sheets for several hikes that in total meet the requirements for the “Young Tourist” and “USSR Tourist” badges, appropriate protocols are drawn up on awarding their participants with badges (when making a multi-day non-category hike for the “USSR Tourist” badge, such a protocol is drawn up immediately).

The work of the tourist section in training leaders of weekend hikes

The organization by the tourist section of the physical culture collective of training for weekend hike leaders is not only an important component of all educational work, but also a significant contribution to solving the general problem of organizing and managing mass amateur tourism. It is important to keep in mind that the number of tourist sections and tourist clubs per city (district) tourist club amounts to many tens and hundreds. For these reasons, city and regional tourist clubs are considered only as consulting and methodological centers for tourist work, and all organizational and managerial activities in tourist sections are the business of the section itself. Under these conditions, training the first level of managers of mass tourism work is the most essential aspect of the activities of tourist sections.

Not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative solution to the problem of training leaders of weekend trips is dictated primarily by the requirements of the Regulations on the GTO complex: for beginners in tourism, the requirements of the complex establish a wide range of questions on knowledge, skills and abilities (see Table 10).

In accordance with the Regulations on the All-Union Physical Culture Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR" and the Regulations on tourist public? personnel, the management of a weekend tourist trip (including a qualifying tourist trip through the GTO complex) is entrusted to a leader who has training in the scope of the Initial Tourist Training "A" (NTP-A) program, which corresponds to the previously existing training program for tourist organizers.

The program of the first stage of initial tourist training, i.e. NTP-A, is implemented at seminars working according to a curriculum of 40 hours, including 24 hours. theoretical and methodological training (lectures, seminars and practical classes - in the classroom and on the training ground) and 16 hours. practical training - during a two-day training trip.

From 24 hours. The NTP-A curriculum allocates 18 hours for theoretical and methodological preparation at the lecture. It is envisaged that during the lectures, students will learn almost completely the material of the six topics of the first section of the curriculum ("Main directions of mass tourism work"), namely: "Main directions of tourist and excursion business in the USSR", "Tourism in the All-Union Physical Culture Complex GTO", “Basic information from the Rules”, “Tourist section and tourist club of the physical culture team”, “Tourist opportunities of the native land”, “Protection of nature, historical and cultural monuments”. It is also envisaged that during the lectures, students will learn approximately half of the material in the second section of the curriculum (“Organization, preparation and conduct of a campaign”). It is very difficult. The effectiveness of training requires maximum attention from the seminar organizers to providing the educational process with technical teaching aids (slides, films, posters, tables, etc.). The following stands will also provide significant assistance in conducting classes: “Tourism in the GTO complex”, “Weekend hiking routes” (Fig. 22) and “Hiking routes in our region” (Fig. 23).

Rice. 22. Weekend hiking routes

Rice. 23. Hiking routes around our region

Methodological lessons on the topics of the second section of the curriculum are conducted indoors in the form of seminars, and in the form of practical exercises - on site. The former are most effective when the educational process is well supported by technical means, the latter - if carried out at specially prepared training grounds.

Students receive the main amount of practice on the topics of the second section of the curriculum in the process of organizing, preparing, conducting and summing up the results of a two-day training trip. The acquisition of the necessary practical knowledge, skills and abilities at a level sufficient for future leaders of weekend trips is also achieved by the most effective use of technical training tools. In this case, this is, first of all, good equipment (marking, careful selection of bivouac locations, their equipment, equipment of intermediate ranges, or “stations”) for practicing and accepting standards for orienteering techniques, bivouac, overcoming natural obstacles, providing first aid and transporting the victim. With this approach, the route of the training trip itself becomes an important addition to its main, pre-equipped sections. At the same time, on the route (20-25 km long), the tasks of special physical, psychological and tactical training of trainees are solved, as well as practical training of future leaders in organizing the group’s movement, choosing a movement path, dead reckoning, etc.

Control standards and educational competitions

Orientation on the "azimuth route". Elements of orienteering techniques, including working with a compass (moving in a given direction or, somewhat more difficult in the case of working with a “white map”, with independent establishment of azimuth) and measuring distances, as well as searching for a control point using this “legend”, are important elements of orienteering techniques and leading exercises to orienteering. After studying the symbols of sports maps, beginners can try their hand at the distance of orienteering competitions.

Competitions in orienteering techniques on an azimuthal route are of an educational and control nature. When passing the standards of the GTO complex, the distance of such competitions may include a minimum number (2) of control points (CP) and together. with the start-finish point forms a closed triangle with a total distance of 200 to 500 m. The distance of training competitions during the trek of students of the seminar “Initial tourist training “A” can be extended to 800-1000 m with an increase in the number of control points to 4-6.

The distance must be carefully thought out and planned.

The following conditions must be met:

The entire path of movement must be passable; it is unacceptable to plan it (even for short sections) through areas of impassable forest; there should be no obstacles such as fences, deep ditches, ditches and ravines, streams and other water obstacles, which, in competitions with a map, orienteers “see” in advance and have a real opportunity to bypass;
- there should not be a single potentially dangerous section: it should be remembered that on the “azimuth route” the movement is made only by compass and in a straight line, so the participant does not expect any surprises;
- you should choose a competition area with very clear boundaries; Such competitions are designed for beginners - even the slightest possibility of getting lost should be excluded.

Compliance with these conditions is achieved primarily by choosing the location of the competition. If the organizer of the competition (teacher, trek leader, other person responsible for conducting training sessions or receiving standards), who in this case performs the duties of the head of the distance, has a map of a suitable area, then planning the distance is significantly simplified: using the map it is easy to select a convenient starting place - finish line, landmarks for placing the checkpoint, and most importantly, quickly determine the distance parameters. Preparing a course in the absence of a map naturally requires much more effort and time, however, even in this case, the head of the course with two or three assistants will ensure its preparation in 3-4 hours (it is recommended to start by preparing the simplest, most generalized map of the selected area terrain, which ultimately will significantly simplify the planning and equipment of the distance).

An important aspect of the work is equipping the distance with control points. Without them, the competitor cannot be sure that he completed the stage correctly. In addition, the absence of a checkpoint with one way or another of marking does not allow controlling the movement of the participants, and competitions turn into only performing an exercise.

But it's not only that. As already mentioned, one of the essential tasks of training competitions in orienteering techniques without a map is to prepare their participants for orienteering - the most important means of training tourists not only in the narrow sense of improving the technique and tactics of orienteering, but much more broadly - in increasing general and special physical fitness, as well as psychological preparedness for hiking. Therefore, equipping the distance with control points with all the required attributes (standard prism, providing marks with pencils, punchers, issuing a “legend” to participants) highly contributes to the preparation of novice tourists for mass orienteering competitions, since the search for a checkpoint using a given “legend” and mark it is included in the “rules of the game”.

In this sense, it is also important to ensure the complete design of the “start-finish” place: install the “Start” and “Finish” banners, equip the start and finish corridors according to the rules of orienteering, hang the start time changeover clock and start protocols, prepare a stretched cord for hanging tear-off "slips" from participants' cards to provide information about their results. All these additional events are of an important educational nature for mastering the topic “Organization and holding of mass competitions in orienteering and tourist technology.”

The head of the course, after choosing the start-finish place and landmarks for placing checkpoints with distances between them no more than 200-250 m, clarifies (if the distance is planned using a map) or carefully measures (if the distance is planned without a map) directions and distances. The direction of each segment (azimuth) is measured with a liquid compass with an accuracy of +1° (but is recorded rounded to even values), and the distances are measured in steps with an accuracy of 5% (recorded with a rounding of 10 m).

It is advisable to end each section of the path (distance stage) in a place that serves as a reliable point, or short linear, or small area landmark (the top of a hill, a separate stone, a bend in the road or an intersection of paths, an edge corner). A control sign (standard or homemade in the shape of a red and white prism) with its number, as well as a password (numeric, alphabetic, verbal) is fixed on the landmark, because writing the password in the participant’s personal card is the easiest way to control the distance. Another way for a participant to mark the passage of a checkpoint is with a colored pencil or a composter on their card. In this case, near the prism it is necessary to hang colored pencils (one color on each CP) or composters on cords (braid).

With this method of completing the distance and marking the checkpoint, each participant fills out his personal card according to the posted sample competition card. The competition card is compiled according to the known distance parameters and selected checkpoints and includes: directions from one checkpoint to another (to the first - from the start, to the finish - from the last), the distances of these segments and a brief description of the landmark for each checkpoint.

A fundamentally different way of information about the distance is separate information: at the start there is a card indicating the direction from the start to CP 1, the distance to it and its “legend”, at CP 1 - the same for CP 2, etc. In your personal card the participant sequentially records the information received and makes notes about passing the checkpoint.

Another way of providing participants with information about the distance is to issue them a “white map,” i.e., a distance drawn on a given scale and indicated on the “map,” with the location on the control diagram given by a dot (puncture) circled; in the circle, the conventional sign adopted by the Rules of Orienteering Competitions depicts the landmark on which the CP is placed (i.e., a graphic expression of the “legend” of the CP). The diagram ("white map") shows the direction to the North Magnetic Pole with an arrow. With this method of azimuthal orientation, the participant receives all data on the distance parameters independently through the necessary measurements. Using a ruler on the liquid compass, he measures the distances between the control points and, using the scale shown in the diagram, converts the resulting value (in centimeters or millimeters) into meters; using a liquid (or any other) compass determines the direction (azimuth) to the desired control point.

In all of the above cases, a participant in training competitions must be able to calculate his path (primarily at short distances, in steps), confidently take the azimuth and run in a given direction according to the compass, relying on intermediate or clearly visible distant but passing landmarks. Participants must be previously trained in these skills, for which, before training competitions, trek leaders equip a training ground in a spacious clearing, where participants perform exercises on measuring distances in steps - walking and running, determining the direction and accurately moving in this direction.

Participants in educational competitions are given a separate start with an interval of 1, 2 or 3 minutes. The longer the interval, the more reliable is the provision of independent work of participants at a distance, but the longer the competition is significantly longer. On the other hand, the fewer participants, the longer the interval can be. A long interval with a large number of participants (say, more than 50) will lead to their congestion and non-independent work. The way out of this situation is to change the competition formula: not individual, but team, in the form of a relay race, but at the same time it is necessary to comply with the most important condition of any competition - sports fairness, in this case - the same distance (total) for all teams. A similar requirement is met if the number of stages of the total distance and the number of team members are equal. So, with 100 participants, you can plan a distance with 5 control points, when 5 teams (their first participants) start simultaneously in five different directions. Each team consists of 5 people. This means that the number of races with 100 participants will be only 4, and very little time will be required to hold the competition.

In this case, the relay orienteering distance must be planned so that the “start-finish” place is in its center. At the simultaneous start of the first participants of 5 teams, the order of their completion of the distance will be as follows:

Member of the 1st team: S-1-2-3-4-5-F;
- member of the 2nd team: S-2-3-4-5-1-F;
- member of the 3rd team: S-3-4-5-1-2-F;
- member of the 4th team: S-4-5-1-2-3-F;
- member of the 5th team: S-5-1-2-3-4-F.

At the 2nd stage, the participant of the 1st team runs along the 2nd distance, etc. The “relay race” for each team is a team card indicating on it the order of the distances at each stage of the relay and the parameters of the distances. It is clear that this will require 4 cards (according to the number of races) of each of the 5 options for the order of completion.

Participants in training competitions in orienteering techniques on the “azimuth route”, after studying the symbols of the sports map and practicing working with the map, successfully start in mass orienteering competitions, which are now available to everyone in many cities of the country.

If competitions on the “azimuth route” are a qualifying type of orienteering, then with a distance of about 1000 m and 5-6 CP, the qualifying time can be set at 15 minutes.

Control standards for tourist equipment. The control standard for a tourist bivouac is the installation of a two-person tent by a team of 4 people (the minimum composition of a tourist group) in 50 seconds.

One test phase includes an obstacle course. The competition is held in two versions.

Individual passage of stages:

1) ascent up the slope - traverse - descent (stage length 40 m);
2) suspended crossing (10 m);
3) tying a knot (choice according to the card: straight, counter, clew, grasping, conductor, figure-eight conductor, double conductor, stirrup, bowline). Test time 6 min.

Team completion of stages (4 people):

1) laying a log using a rope and crossing the log;
2) "pendulum";
3) crossing over rocks (30 m);
4) carrying the “victim” on a homemade stretcher (100 m). Distance length 200 m, qualifying time 6 minutes.

For the test on first aid for injuries and accidents, a differentiated assessment of knowledge is used. It is based on programmed control. The participant chooses one, most correct, in his opinion, answer out of four to the proposed question. If the answer is chosen correctly, the “examiner” light comes on and highlights the grade “5”.

Example card:"Question: What kind of first aid will you give yourself on a hike if you sprain your ankle? Answer options: I will keep complete rest; I will give a massage; I will make a cold compress; I will apply a hot compress."

When organizing the acceptance of the standards of the RLD complex, it is convenient to test tourist skills in stages, which are serviced by experienced teachers or instructors. In this case, the educational effectiveness of tourist exercises increases. Those who pass the standard can get advice and practice mastering tourism skills. The standards of the GTO complex are accepted both at the stages of the qualifying hike and at the bivouac. It is necessary to notify all those taking the standards in advance about the day of the hike, conduct training sessions with them on mastering tourist knowledge, skills and abilities. If there is a large flow of people passing the standards on one route of a tourist trip, you can create a schedule for the start of groups. With the proposed scheme, 60 people pass through per hour. To increase throughput, the number of polygons is doubled. Members of the admissions committee mark the itinerary sheets and sign for acceptance of tourist standards. At the finish line, the route documents are submitted to the organizing committee for the events of the GTO complex, where a record is made of the acceptance of tourist standards in the cards of those taking the test.

System of training of tourist public personnel

Among the main areas of mass tourism work, the leading position is rightfully occupied by the system of tourist education and the training of tourist public personnel. Training tourists in organizational and methodological work, technology and tactics, methods of organizing socially useful work, preparing and conducting tourist rallies and competitions through the system of training tourist public personnel allows solving not only pedagogical (educational, educational, methodological) issues, but also issues of organizing mass public management amateur tourism.

The Regulations on Tourism Public Personnel (approved by a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Council for Tourism and Excursions dated May 7, 1979) provide for the training of the following categories of tourism assets: leaders of weekend trips (including for passing the GTO standards for tourism) and trips to the badge " Tourist of the USSR", tourism instructors, leaders of sports tourist trips, public tourism activists (tourism federations, commissions, boards of clubs, tourist sections), judges of tourist competitions, members of the tourist control and rescue service (TCS) and control and rescue teams (CSR).

Requirements for the level of training of leaders and participants of tourist trips are reflected in the governing documents. Thus, the regulations on the All-Union Physical Culture Complex of the GTO stipulate that the leaders of weekend trips for the GTO badge must have training in the amount of the first stage of initial tourist training. “Rules for organizing and conducting amateur tourist trips and trips on the territory of the USSR” establish certain requirements for the level of training of leaders and participants of trips. In particular, leaders and participants of hikes of the I category of complexity need to have knowledge in the amount of the second stage of initial tourist training, leaders and participants of hikes of the II-III categories of complexity - in the amount of medium, and leaders and participants of hikes of the IV-V complexity categories - of the highest tourist training.

The basis for training tourist public personnel belonging to the categories of tour leaders and tourism instructors is general and special training, carried out in three stages:

Initial tourist training, which includes training for leaders and participants in weekend hikes, multi-day non-category hikes and hikes of the first category of difficulty;
- average tourist (or instructor) training, which includes training of leaders and participants of hikes of II and III categories of complexity (or tourism instructors);
- higher tourist (or instructor) training, which includes training of leaders and participants of treks of IV and V categories of complexity (or senior tourism instructors).

The training of tourism public personnel is carried out in schools and at seminars (gatherings) organized by councils for tourism and excursions, the Institute for Advanced Training of Workers of Tourist and Excursion Organizations and its branches, city and regional tourist clubs, councils of children's social activities, tourist clubs and tourist sections of physical culture groups. , stations for young tourists. School students study without interruption from work or study. Seminars (camps) are held in free time from work or study - during vacations or holidays.

Forms of training sessions in schools, at seminars (camps) on the training of tourism public personnel - lectures, seminars and practical classes, educational and training trips, consultations, independent work of students.

The training of tourist public personnel called upon to carry out work on organizing and conducting mass tourist events - weekend hikes, hikes for the "USSR Tourist" badge and hikes of the first category of difficulty, is carried out at the stage of initial tourist training, divided into two half-stages: initial tourist training "A" " (NTP-A) and initial tourist training "B" (NTP-B).

The organization of the first stage of initial tourist training (according to the NTP-A program), discussed in detail on page 171, is provided, as a rule, by tourist sections of physical culture groups. The organization of the second stage (according to the NTP-B program) can only be carried out by tourist clubs of large groups if they have instructors of the required level of training. For tourist sections that do not have such an opportunity, city (district) clubs and tourism commissions of voluntary sports societies of trade unions provide leaders for multi-day non-category hikes and hikes of category I difficulty.

The second stage of initial tourist training is carried out in accordance with the NTP-B curriculum with a volume of 60 training hours, including: 30 hours. during the preparation for the training trip (of which 20 lectures and 10 practical lessons indoors) and 30 hours. practical exercises during the training trip.

The NTP-B curriculum contains two sections: “Main directions of mass tourism work” (common for the curriculum of seminars on NTP-B, regardless of the type of tourism) and “Special training for types of tourism” (which has some variations for different types of tourism, but unprincipled: no more than one academic hour on a particular topic of the second section of the curriculum).

The section "Special training for types of tourism" contains 11 topics, including: the features of this type of tourism, the basic principles of classifying routes in it, the content and rules for organizing, preparing and conducting multi-day hikes for this type of tourism, as well as a number of practical topics: equipment, food, equipment and tactics, organization of a bivouac, physical training of a tourist, hygiene of a tourist and provision of first-aid care, basics of topographical preparation and features of terrain orientation in this type of tourism, organization of observations during a hike.

Tourists who have completed training under the NTP-B program (or have passed external exams for the NTP-B course) and have gained experience in participating in a hike of the first category of difficulty, acquire the right to lead hikes for the "USSR Tourist" badge and hikes of the first category of difficulty, as well as admission to school of secondary tourist training (STP).

The training of tourist public personnel will be even more specialized and in-depth at the level of average tourist (participants and leaders of hikes of II and III categories of difficulty), average instructor (instructors for types of tourism), higher tourist (participants and leaders of hikes of IV and V categories of complexity) and higher instructor (senior instructors for types of tourism) training. The programs of secondary tourist and secondary instructor training are provided with a curriculum of 160 hours. (including a training trip), higher training - syllabuses of 200 hours. (also including a training trip).

In addition to the categories of tourists listed above, junior tourism instructors who have relevant tourism experience and have reached the age of 18 are also accepted into the secondary tourism training school. This title is awarded to students of secondary schools, vocational schools and secondary specialized educational institutions who have reached the age of 15, have the “USSR Tourist” badge and have successfully completed a seminar or training camp for junior tourism instructors.

The system for training public tourist personnel is an important link in tourist and excursion work, which largely ensures the solution of educational, educational, sports and recreational problems by means of tourism. Many years of experience in the practice of managing amateur tourism have shown that at the level of the first and most massive link of the amateur tourism system (tourist section of the physical culture team), effective management of the organization of mass tourism work is possible only through the training of tourist public personnel of the first link: public tourism activists (chairmen of tourist sections), leaders of weekend hikes and mass multi-day hikes, judges of tourist competitions. The training of middle-level public tourism assets (including tourism instructors, trek leaders of II-III categories of difficulty) ensures the preparation of mass-level assets, etc. In other words, the system of training public tourism personnel functions quite effectively only in the presence of feedback connections.

Training of judges for tourism competitions

Training judges for tourist competitions is one of the most important tasks of the commission for meetings and competitions of the tourist section (tourist club) of the physical education team.

In the tourist section of the physical education team, the training of judges for tourist competitions is carried out according to the initial training program for judges with a volume of 40 training hours. The curriculum for the judges' seminar provides for 16 hours. at lectures and 24 hours for practical classes on the following topics: physical culture and sports in the USSR, Regulations on judges and the panel of judges; on tourist competitions, organization and conduct of tourist rallies and competitions, rules of tourist competitions, work of the competition distance service, work of judges at the stages, work of the secretariat and information service, organization of the work of the start and finish teams, methods of judging certain types of competitions.

The theoretical training of judges that they receive at lectures is reinforced by specially organized educational competitions, at which the main issues of the practical work of judge teams serving tourist competitions are worked out.

Work of the distance service - planning, marking and equipment of the course on the ground; organizing events to ensure safety and medical support at a distance; work of the distance service immediately before the start of the competition and work during it.

The work of judges at stages - the conditions for overcoming a stage with a demonstration of options for correct and incorrect completion, interpretation of all possible violations and use of the table of penalties; analysis of possible options for passing stages provided for by the Rules and conditions of the competition, situations and actions of judges; practice of judges in assessing errors.

Work of the secretariat and information service - registration of the secretariat's place of work; rehearsal for accepting applications, drawing lots, issuing team cards, organizing pre-start information for participants, information about preliminary results; practice in processing competition results and organizing awarding of winners.

The work of the start and finish teams is to check the compliance of the equipment and uniform of the participants with the requirements of the Rules and Regulations of the competition; work of the referee-starter and secretary; types of start; work of judges and secretaries at the finish line; interaction of the start and finish teams with the secretariat and commandant service.

At training competitions immediately preceding the rally, issues such as competition regulations, the place and order of the opening and closing ceremonies of the rally, awarding winners, places for placing competitive materials and holding competitions, the system of work of competition commissions and the organization of free time for participants, including issues of determining convenient places for training and warming up of competition participants, for the work of editorial boards of combat leaflets, etc.

An important condition for the preparation of qualified judges for tourist competitions is their constant active participation in the work of judges in other sports at competitions held by the council of the physical culture team, the regional committee for physical culture and sports, the regional council of sports and sports activities, - in athletics cross-country, track and field athletics, skiing races, all-around GTO complex. The practice of judging various competitions significantly expands the horizons of a sports judge, increases his judicial culture and erudition, and allows him to accumulate valuable judicial experience, which cannot be replaced only by lectures and even well-organized practical exercises.

Organization and holding of the rally

Local trade union committees and university sports clubs organize a tourist rally (tourist equipment competition) for the physical education team, adding it to their calendar plans of sporting events in advance.

The organizing committee of the tourist rally includes: a representative of the hosting organization, the chief judge of the competition at the rally, representatives of the Komsomol and other public organizations. The organizing committee coordinates the holding of the rally with local councils and forest districts on whose territory it is planned, approves the main panel of judges, resolves issues of logistical, medical, economic, transport support for the rally, and ensuring the safety of competition participants.

All events of the rally (competitions, competitions) are held in full compliance with the regulations on the rally and the conditions for holding competitions (competitions); the latter are either included in the provision or serve as a written annex to it. Both documents are approved by the hosting organization, and only it (its representative at the meeting) has the right to make any changes to them.

The regulations on the rally contain the following mandatory sections: purpose and objectives of the rally; time and place of its holding; program; definition of results; Winner's reward ceremony.

Depending on the scale of the rally (and for a large production team, scientific, economic association, a tourist rally can be a major event with the participation of many teams and guests), other sections may be included in the regulations: management of the preparation and conduct of the rally; rally participants; financing, procedure and deadlines for submitting applications, required documentation; procedure and deadlines for registration of participants; equipment and inventory.

Changes and additions to the regulations are made by a representative of the hosting organization no later than the beginning of the first team draw. However, if conditions arise that threaten the safety of participants or make it impossible to conduct competitions, they must be postponed, and if they have already begun, then interrupted. If the competition cannot be held on the same day, the decision on its further holding and the scoring of the results is made by the main panel of judges of the rally.

All competitions in the technique of certain types of tourism, in orienteering (if they are provided for in the rally program) are held in full accordance with the Rules of these competitions. If, however, the rally program provides for combined competitions, including applied military skills, elements of tourist equipment and orienteering techniques, and individual standards of the GTO complex, the competition organizers develop detailed conditions that have the force of the Rules.

Preparation for gatherings and competitions in types of tourism begins long before they begin with the inclusion of the planned event in the calendar plan, which is drawn up in the following form:

The organization hosting the event creates an organizing committee and adopts a resolution (issues an order) to hold a rally or competition, which, as a rule, coincides with significant dates. The resolution (order) and regulations on the rally or competition are sent to organizations participating in the event a month before its start - at the regional level and 3 months - at the republican or all-Union level.

In table 11 shows a diagram of the generally accepted work plan of the organizing committee of the rally (tourist competitions). Together with the resolution on its implementation, regulations and cost estimates, the work plan of the organizing committee’s activities constitutes the main documentation defining its work.

Table 11.

Plan of main events of the organizing committee of the tourist rally

No.	Events	Deadline	Responsible
1	Staffing the main panel of judges	4-6 months before start	Main judge
2	Choosing a meeting place. Coordination of the area with local authorities, forestry, sanitary and epidemiological stations	3-5 months before start	Member of the organizing committee
3	Preparation of equipment and inventory	A month before the start	Commandant
4	Ordering vehicles	Same	Member of the organizing committee
5	Preparation of judicial documentation	"	Same
6	Preparation of competition routes	"	Main judge
7	Organization of rally propaganda (production of posters, emblems, badges, rally program, invitation cards, communication with the press, radio, television, etc.)	"	Member of the organizing committee
8	Purchasing prizes, medals and diplomas to award winners	"	Same
9	Providing medical care	A month before the start	"
10	Invitation to the rally of veterans of the revolution, war and labor, leaders in production and agriculture, cultural figures, and the best athletes	Same	"
11	Ensuring the operation of buffets, kiosks selling food, souvenirs, newspapers, local history and tourist literature	"	"
12	Providing vehicles and equipment for labor landing forces	"	"
13	Preparation for the labor landing	"	"
14	Competition center equipment	On the eve of the meeting	Commandant
15	Organization of a meeting of participants	Same	Member of the organizing committee
16	Providing food for participants and judges	On the days of the rally	Same
17	Organization of environmental and fire protection measures, safety measures	Same	"
18	Departure arrangements	On the days of the rally	Member of the organizing committee
19	Summing up the results of the meeting, preparing a report	In a week	Chairman of the organizing committee
20	Propaganda of the event (photo newspapers, radio and television, print)	Within a month	Member of the organizing committee

As can be seen from the table, the range of issues resolved by the organizing committee and the main panel of judges of the rally during its organization and preparation is quite wide and includes some of the activities typical for the organization of any sports competition (staffing the main panel of judges and preparation of judicial documentation, transport issues, catering participants and judges, organization of awards, etc.). However, another part of the questions is specific specifically for tourist competitions (choosing a meeting place, preparing competition routes, logistics).

Selection and preparation of the meeting place. The choice of the meeting place is determined by the safety requirements of the participants, the convenience of entrances and approaches, the layout of the camp, the availability of water and fuel, fire safety and nature protection, the landscape characteristics of the area from the point of view of laying out competition distances that are interesting for participants and spectators.

When choosing a meeting place, all its advantages and disadvantages are carefully analyzed, preliminary planning of the camp is carried out, areas suitable for laying out competition distances, for the start and finish of each distance, for accommodating the main panel of judges, a doctor, and a secretariat are determined. The scope of work of the rally commandant service is also determined.

For holding rallies, picturesque places are usually chosen in suburban forest areas, where there are sources of drinking water and access roads. It is best to organize a rally in the area of ​​the group's dispensary, sports and recreational camp or pioneer camp. The layout of the teams is developed in advance. Places are provided for cooking on primus stoves or fires, firewood is supplied, places for washing, toilets and garbage pits are equipped. In the judges' camp, a large tent (or canopy) is erected for meetings of the main panel of judges and the work of the credentials committee. In the clearing, a line is marked with keeper tape for the participants to line up, and a flagpole is installed to raise the competition flag. The commandant's service equips and arranges the opening and closing venues for the rally, the start and finish of competitions in types of tourism.

Preparation of competition distances. Competition distances must be logical, spectacular, safe and fully consistent with the level of training of the rally participants.

The distance service, headed by its chief, marks and prepares the competition route. All stages must be visible to the participants and protected from spectators by a corridor. The entire obstacle course route is marked. The course service must prepare the appropriate cartographic material (its adjustment and replication), equip the distances with checkpoint signs with means of marking their passage.

Competition distances at a physical culture team meeting should be as accessible as possible to everyone. It is recommended to place them in places where they are logical. So, it is better to organize a canopy crossing over a river or ravine, and not in a clearing between two trees. The more difficult sections are usually placed at the beginning of the course, with fording crossings at the end. By installing additional parallel routes, the capacity of the competition increases.

The logistics of the rally include providing the rally participants and judges with camp equipment (tents, campfire equipment or primus stove, cooking utensils, household equipment) and food; equipment for competitions and work of the panel of judges; funds for holding competitions and jury work.

Before the start of the rally, posters, banners, and information boards are prepared and handed over to the commandant. The commandant's service plays the main role in the logistics of the rally. The commandant receives equipment and inventory, gives them to the course commanders against signature and accepts them from them at the end of the rally.

In accordance with the request of the chief secretary of the meeting, protocol forms, stationery (folders, binders, pencils, felt-tip pens, paper clips, buttons, glue, rubber bands, paper, etc.), diplomas, chronometers, badges, and judges' insignia must be prepared (badges, emblems, armbands, judge cards, forms of certificates of refereeing).

The organization of the rally camp and food for its participants in the field is practically the same as in the conditions of a tourist trip (see Chapter 21).

The logistics of competitions completely depend on their content, types and class, conditions of holding, requirements imposed by the regulations on competitions for equipment. Competitions in the technique of certain types of tourism require appropriate mountain-pedestrian equipment (ropes, safety belts, carabiners, mittens, helmets), kayaks, bicycles, etc. The regulations stipulate what equipment the teams will bring to the rally. And the equipment for the distances is fully provided by the organizers of the rally.

Logistics and technical support for the competition program of the rally is a determining factor in the successful conduct of competitions. So, to watch movies and slide films you need: a film projector for 16 mm film with a sound system (type “Ukraine”); film projector for 8-C and 8 mm film ("Rus"); at least two overhead projectors with cassettes ("Svityaz", "Proton", "Alpha"), tape recorders (cassette and reel-to-reel for two- and four-track recordings) and empty cassettes; microphone with stand; an amplifier with a standard input for a microphone, tape recorder, player and a speaker system with a power of at least 10 watts for every 100 spectators; extension cables, tees, adapters with special shafts for a standard three- or five-pin block; screens.

Holding a rally. When planning courses and during competitions, safety, environmental and fire safety measures are of paramount importance. Thus, a section of the river for organizing a crossing must be selected with a hard and level bottom and safe approaches. Completing the distance and organizing insurance with low-quality equipment is unacceptable. There should be constant monitoring by the health service of food preparation, water quality, and the condition of toilets and garbage pits.

At competitions in the technique of certain types of tourism, ensuring safety (organizing judge insurance in competitions in mountain tourism techniques, patrolling rescue ships in competitions in water tourism techniques, etc.) is the main task of the distance service.

In the work of the judging teams serving competitions, clarity, consistency, and correctness are necessary above all.

Holding competitions at gatherings in the field is sometimes not only a difficult task, but also an insoluble one. Therefore, if in the field it is not possible to watch films and slide films, then such competitions are usually held before the start of the rally, and their results are included in the final table.

A well-organized and conducted tourist rally is not only a sports festival, but also an extremely important event in the promotion of tourism and amateur tourist creativity.

Competitions and mass tourism events are held in order to improve the physical education of students and youth, strengthen their health, prepare for passing the standards of the GTO complex, and improve sportsmanship. On the other hand, it is a training school for hiking and a means of promoting tourism.

Tourism competitions can be divided into three types: competitions in tourism skills, tourism technology, and terrain orienteering.

Touring Skills Competition

Tourist skills competitions are held for educational purposes in the following sections:
Construction and equipment of the camp. The locations of the team tents are determined by the commandant group of the headquarters. The rating is given for correctly placed tents, their design, sanitary condition, location in relation to the river, wind, etc.

Competitions for lighting fires and boiling water. Each team provides itself with firewood, stakes and a crossbar for the pot. A two-liter tourist kettle is used to boil water. When lighting a fire, it is not allowed to use flammable materials (gasoline, alcohol, etc.). The finish line is considered to be the moment the water boils. Places between teams are determined by the least amount of time spent.

Touring equipment competition

Competitions in tourist technology are held in the form of an obstacle course and a tourist relay race. For competitions, a clearly visible area with the required number of natural obstacles is selected. The length of the distance - the obstacle course - ranges from 300 l to 2 km. All obstacles included in the distance are overcome by each team member.

The distance consists of two parallel lanes, equal in length and difficulty, the distance between them is no more than 10 m. The paths are marked with flags of different colors, the start is separate. The team's path is determined either by a draw or by numbers. For example, even numbers follow the red markings, odd numbers follow the white markings. The intervals between runs are set before the competition, after the control run of the distance by a group of tourists.

An obstacle course may include the following stages:

1. Climbing a steep slope in a sporting manner using a rope up to 20 m long at a steepness of up to 45°.

2. Descent from a steep slope up to 20 m with a slope of up to 45°.

3. Crossing a slope or running over rough terrain up to 150 m.

4. Overcoming a water obstacle (by boat up to 300 m, on a raft up to 50 m, along masonry up to 20-25 m, over protruding stones up to 20-25 m, fording up to 15 m, etc.).

5. Mounted crossing up to 30 m.

6. Carrying the victim up to 50-60 m, etc.

Team results are determined by the time spent. If the stage is not passed, then each participant is allowed to make two more attempts. If they are used without a positive assessment, then the participant is removed from the competition. The scoring system for a withdrawn participant is determined by the Competition Regulations.

International tourism events allow us to coordinate the intentions and capabilities of various tourism organizations; they are often the place for concluding cooperation agreements, creating associations, and joint plans for the development of certain areas in tourism are outlined here.

Main types of events:

§ Conferences (meetings of representatives of any organizations, groups, states, as well as individuals, scientists to discuss certain issues);

§ Forums (mass meetings, congresses);

§ Symposia (meetings on any scientific issue, often international);

§ Congresses (congresses, meetings, usually of an international nature);

§ Trade fairs (world markets where tourism products are exhibited for concluding commercial transactions and agreements between tour operators and travel agents);

§ Exhibitions (a marketing tourism event related to the demonstration by tour operators of a new tourism product). At exhibitions, operators demonstrate themselves, meet partners, sign contracts with them, and identify competitors.

In Moscow, at the end of March, at the Expocenter on Krasnaya Presnya, a major international tourism exhibition “MITT” is held, with a predominance of summer destinations (relevant with the onset of the high summer season).

An exhibition on winter trends will be organized at the Olimpiysky at the end of October. In addition, there are regular exhibitions of a smaller scale in Sokolniki, Gostiny Dvor, they have a narrow thematic focus (specific countries, types of tourism).

Work-shops are organized by the company “Tourinfo. These events are of a working nature only.

“Tourism, practice, problems, prospects” - at the Ukraine Hotel.

Round tables and thematic seminars are held to discuss the relevance of any trends, innovations, changes in legislation.

Tourist organizations, planning to hold any events, draw up and approve the “Calendar of Events”, in accordance with which the process of preparation for them is carried out, and a time plan of action is calculated. Some exhibitions and conferences require years of construction and organizational work. Large-scale actions require government participation in the project. In its simplest form, the event calendar is a chronological series of events indicating the name of the event, time, location, organizers, and contact information. This kind of calendars can be found in many tourist periodicals or, for example, on the TTG-Russia website:

Tests

1. The leading international tourism organization of a general nature is:

3. The International Bureau of Tourism and Youth Exchange is part of:

·  Basics of tourism activities : Textbook / G.I. Zorina, E.N. Ilyina, E.V. Moshnyaga et al.; Comp. E.N. Ilyina - M: Soviet Sport, 2001 – Chapter 5;

3.3 Hotel companies and corporations

SPORTS AND TOURIST EVENT

WEEKEND HIKE

"THE DAY OF TOURIST"

Designed for children aged 10 - 11 years old together with their parents.

Compiled by primary school teacher Kudasheva N.A.

MKOU secondary school No. 2 r.p. Mullovka

State educational standards of general education of the second generation determine new requirements for the results of mastering basic educational programs. A special place in the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard is given to the formation of universal educational activities. New social demands define the goals of education as the general cultural, personal and cognitive development of students, ensuring such a key competence of education as “teaching how to learn.” At the same time, knowledge, skills and abilities are formed, applied and preserved in close connection with active actions of the students themselves.

Tourism can be considered as an option. Tourism is both a way of activity and something How the individual participates in the activity. In its most general form, tourism is a well-thought-out system of “how” and “how” the goal is embodied in a “specific type of product” or its component part. If the methodological system is aimed at solving the following problems: what to teach? why teach? how to teach?, then in this case we can highlight the third question with one significant addition: how to teach effectively? Thus, one of the features of tourism activity is that it requires high activity of both the teacher and students. Experience in tourism clearly shows that it is in this field of activity that students are provided with a wide range of opportunities to develop such components of social competence as: - communication, where communication skills and abilities are revealed; - ability to solve problems, namely: the ability to plan and carry out actions in such a way as to obtain the expected result; - cooperation carried out through effective interaction in a team; - self-development, which presupposes the ability to organize one’s activities, self-knowledge, self-esteem, critical and analytical thinking; - proficiency in information technology, which implies the ability not only to use well-known technical and software means of information processing, but also the ability to independently master new ones.

Objectives of the event:

a) stimulate children’s desire for physical activity, to feel the value and joy of movement and communication;

b) to form in students a sense of involvement in the sports and tourism life of the school;

c) develop the spiritual experience of children in sports and play activities;

d) develop physical qualities (strength, speed, endurance, coordination of movements);

e) maintain and strengthen the vital functions of the children’s body;

f) nurturing a cohesive team, self-confidence and abilities.

Universal learning activities:

Organizing group work to create a situation of partnership and mutual respect; - providing the opportunity to live a variety of roles to master the norms of communication with peers and adults; - systematically offering tasks to choose from to accumulate the experience of conscious choice; - Fostering discipline within a joint activity also influences the formation of competencies to cooperate in a group, responsibility for decisions made, and attitudes towards positive social activities. The development of will, arbitrariness of behavior, and conscious goal setting, which is mandatory in tourism activities, is closely related to the formation of social responsibility. And this, in turn, has a positive impact on the spiritual and moral development of students, on their self-determination in the future.

Scenario

Weekend hike “Tourist Day”

The weekend hike consists of two main parts. The first, before lunch, is the Test Trail, the second, after lunch, is the Big Bonfire.

In the morning, all participants in the outing gather at the school, line up in patrols (patrolls and an adult leader are assigned in advance) and go to the event site. Having arrived at the place, the patrols disperse at a distance of no more than 1 meter from each other. Each patrol is divided into two parts. One part sets up a tent, the other part cleans the area. Once set up, the patrol places personal equipment (including bags, jackets, etc.) in their tent, and lines up on the line where assignments are announced.

The tests consist of 4 stations, which include four stops. At stops, the patrol leader reads out the task that needs to be completed. Children, having completed the task, receive a painting on the route sheet and one puzzle from the painting. After passing the last stop, the route sheets are handed over to the chief judge (responsible for the event). Route sheets do not require special calculations.

The Big Bonfire begins with the judge announcing: “The patrols have collected almost the entire picture, but one piece is missing (shows a picture with the central piece missing). This piece can be earned by showing creativity (10 minutes to prepare). It is necessary to show propaganda or present the patrol brightly and beautifully.” All patrols must participate in this (campaigning for no more than 5 minutes - home preparation).

After viewing all the campaigns, the judge hands over the last piece of the picture, which is immediately placed in an empty place (the collected picture is shown to the children). The picture remains at school as a memory of the trip. And all the children stand in a large circle and “light” the Big Fire. After the Big Bonfire, everyone, just as unanimously, holds the “We weren’t here” campaign. The chief judge goes through and checks the cleanliness of the parking areas, after which he distributes “Young Tourist” badges to the patrol leaders (according to the number of children in the patrol)

Daily regime

9.00-9.50 – exit, arrangement of parking lots

9.50-10.00 – lineup

10.00-13.00 – Path of trials

13.00-14.00 – Lunch

14.00-15.30 – Big bonfire

15.30-16.00 – Action “We weren’t here”

Tourist station

Today, September 27, 2015, is Tourist Day.

Guys, what do you think, who is a tourist, what does this word mean?

Ozhegov’s explanatory dictionary says: a tourist is a person who engages in tourism, visits different places in nature for health, educational, and sports purposes.

So today we will take a trip to the forest, field, for recreational and educational purposes. Which means we will be tourists today.

stop "Pereprava"

Description: a narrow path, 30-35 cm wide, is marked on the ground. The patrol lines up inside this path. Participants must cross from one end of the path, passing through the line to the other (switch places). As a result, the last participant should end up in the place of the first.

Patrol mission: everyone to cross to the other side. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Most"

Description: A suspension bridge is stretched above the ground. The patrol passes it one by one.

Patrol mission: walk without falling Time to complete 5 minutes.

stop "Karabin"

Description: at a height of 50 cm from the ground, a small labyrinth is stretched from a rope, at the beginning of which a carabiner is fastened. The child takes the carabiner with his hand and, moving it in front of him, re-fastening it over obstacles, goes through the entire maze.

Patrol mission: go through the entire maze, re-fastening the carabiner. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Mousetrap"

Description: there are foams on the ground, above which slats are installed (in the form of mini-gates). The patrol crawls one by one along the foam under the slats.

Patrol mission: crawl without dropping a single rack. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

Sports station

stop "Bag Run"

Description: The patrol lines up and takes turns jumping 5 meters in a bag, then returns running.

Patrol mission: the entire patrol must have time to ride in the bag. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Airplane"

Description: The starting line is marked on the ground and there is a hoop at a distance of 5 meters. The patrol lines up and takes turns throwing the plane, trying to hit the hoop (three attempts).

Patrol mission: everyone must throw the plane into the hoop. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Snake"

Description: There are pins-obstacles on the ground (the length of the path is 15 meters), the patrol lines up and goes through the path with obstacles.

Patrol mission: pass without knocking over the pins and meet the time limit. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Swamp"

Description: There are two foams lying on the ground, one behind the other. The entire patrol stands on the first foam, the second is transferred to the beginning and the patrol moves to it.

Patrol mission: moving in this way, cover a distance of four foams and not fall. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

Stop "Marksman"

Description: A basket is tied to a tree, and a starting line is marked on the ground a short distance from the tree. The entire patrol stands on the starting line and takes turns throwing the ball into the basket. Each participant throws the ball three times (three attempts).

Patrol mission: get into the basket as many times as possible. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Football"

Description: a short distance from two trees, a baseline is marked on the ground. The entire patrol stands at the starting point and takes turns kicking the ball into an imaginary goal (between two nearby trees). Each participant scores the ball only once.

Patrol mission: hit the goal as many times as possible. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

"Mini relay" stop

Description: The entire patrol is divided into two teams. The relay line, 3 meters long, consists of two stages:

1.Goose-step to the marked line and return running. Then the next participant walks in a goose step, and so on. until everyone has completed this part of the relay.

2. Jump on two legs (as if your legs are tied), without opening your legs, to the marked line, return running. Then the next participant jumps, etc. until everyone has jumped this part of the relay.

Patrol mission: don't fall during the relay race. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

Intelligent station

Stop "Tongue Twisters"

Description: The patrol lines up and takes turns first reading and then pronouncing the tongue twister.

Patrol mission: Pronounce as many tongue twisters correctly as possible. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Understand me"

Description: the patrol lines up one behind the other. The first participant takes the riddle, silently reads it and guesses (also silently). Then he turns to the second participant and shows the guess word with gestures. If the second participant understands the word, then he turns further and also shows the word. So until the last part. The last one comes out and says the answer word. If it is incorrect, then the first participant stands back (at the tail) and the patrol receives a new riddle.

Patrol mission:

stop "Artist"

Description: the patrol lines up one behind the other. The first participant takes a pencil and a piece of paper, and the last participant is given a sheet with a drawing. The last participant draws this picture on the back of the child in front. He, in turn, draws what was drawn on his back to the person standing in front. So, along the chain, the picture from the last participant goes to the first, who draws on a sheet of paper what was drawn on his back.

Patrol mission: correctly guess the riddle and correctly convey the clue word. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

Gaming station

stop "Ruki"

Description: The patrol lines up in a circle. Each participant extends his right hand forward (to the center of the circle) and, at the instructor’s command, grabs either hand and does not let go. Then the patrol must untangle the resulting tangle of hands without releasing the hands.

Patrol mission: untangle the resulting tangle without releasing your hands. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Dance"

Description: The patrol lines up. The instructor shows the dance movements of little ducklings, little swans or sirtaki, humming a melody. Then the patrol dances the learned dance, but without “musical accompaniment.” You cannot hum or hum to yourself. The dance is performed in complete silence.

Patrol mission: dance without hesitation. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Monetka"

Description: the patrol lines up in a circle close to each other. A coin is passed around the circle: from the thumb of one child to the thumb of another child.

Patrol mission: pass a coin (button) in a circle on your thumb and do not drop it. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Kosichka"

Description: Three ribbons are tied to the tree. The patrol is lined up in three ranks. The ranks stand in one line, in each rank the children place their hands on the shoulders of the person in front. The first participants take one end of the ribbon in their hands and, moving along with their line, braid the braid.

Patrol mission: braid your hair without getting tangled. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Spiral"

Description: The patrol lines up in a line, joins hands and, starting with the last one, twists the spiral. After they twist it, they unwind it.

Patrol mission: Do not loosen your hands while twisting and unwinding the spiral. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

stop "Song"

Description: The patrol lines up, joins hands and sings a song that the instructor will name. Each participant sings one word.

Patrol mission: without losing the rhythm and words, sing one verse and chorus. Time to complete: 5 minutes.

After the end of the tests The chief judge sticks the earned pieces of the picture in the presence of patrol representatives. During the gluing process, it turns out that one piece is missing.

Lunch takes place at this time. The patrols disperse to their camps for lunch.

After lunch, the guys remove all the trash and go to the common place.

Leading : "Guys! Everyone tried very hard, passing the Test Path, and now we will hear the result that you showed together. Do you think you have become real tourists? The floor is given to the chief judge"

Main judge : “Today all patrols showed good results, carrying out difficult tasks. According to the test results, almost the entire picture was assembled, but one piece was missing (shows a picture with a missing central piece). You have the opportunity to earn this piece by being creative. To do this, you need to show your propaganda or present your patrol brightly and beautifully. The participation of all patrols is counted. You are given 10 minutes to prepare for the performance. Time has passed!”...

Leading : “Finish the preparation of propaganda! The first patrol is invited to perform.”

Patrols set out one after another in random order. After the last patrol speaks, the chief judge comes out:

“Well guys, did you like the performances? If yes, then clap your hands loudly (children clap). I see that everyone liked it. I think that together you have earned the last piece of the picture.”

The judge glues the piece into place and solemnly hands over the picture:

“In memory of this amazing day and the tests passed, this picture will be kept in your school.”

Leading: It's time for the Big Bonfire. Due to the high fire danger, lighting fires in the forest is prohibited, so our fire will be special. It will be ignited by your friendship and unity. Everyone stands in a large common circle, the chief judge, by pressing his hand, “gives a spark” to the child standing next to him. He, in turn, quickly, by pressing his other hand, must “pass the spark” to his neighbor. Neighbor - to his neighbor and so on - “the spark ran”... When the spark “runs” back to the chief judge on the other side, he and everyone with him quickly raise their hands, a big fire flared up. Everyone shouts “HURRAY!!!” They sing the song: “Burn, burn clearly...”

Leading: I think we worked very hard and had a rest, recharged ourselves with energy and vigor for the whole working week, and maybe even a month. “And now I ask all patrols to go to their camp sites and carry out the “We Weren’t Here” Campaign.” It consists of folding up your tent, clearing the parking lot of debris, and leaving the area as it was before you arrived. Oh, the chief judge will go by and see who really wasn’t here, and who was and left mountains of garbage behind.”

The “We Were Not Here” Campaign is being held. At the end, the chief judge goes through all the parking lots and checks the cleanliness and issues “Young Tourist” badges to each child.

Everyone lines up and goes home.

PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF TOURIST EVENTS.

1. General position.

2. Responsibilities during competitions.

3. Requirements for the leader of orienteering and excursions.

4. Responsibilities of the manager for organization, preparation and conduct

competitions

7. Control over the movement of groups along the route.

8. Safety precautions.

9.Report on the competition

DOCUMENTATION

1. School order to conduct a hike, indicate the duration, route, list

children responsible for the safe stay of children + parents.

2. Notify the management about the time, route, number of participants,

responsible persons, use of transport. List of children, medical worker's admission to competitions.

PROCEDURE

On hikes, excursions and expeditions, young tourists acquire hiking and bivouac skills, improve the technique of movement across various forms of relief, study the nature, history and culture of their native land, participate in environmental protection work, and conduct local history observations.

Tourist trips, according to the form of their organization, goals and objectives, are divided into sports, training and tourist expeditions.

At our school, the most acceptable are one-day training trips, which can have different goals:

health

• sports

educational and other purposes.

OUR SCHOOL HOSTS TWO DIFFERENT LEVEL TOURIST SPORTS EVENTS

"Tour - starts"- This is a health event. When it is not possible to go outside the school, I conduct tour starts on the school grounds for students in grades 5-8 (several hours).

Cel and and tasks : acquaintance with such a sport as tourism; pro-
awakening interest in tourism; skills training
mutual assistance and assistance.

"Tour - rally"- This is a health-improving event, held in the Proletarsky district as orienteering three times a year.

“Golden Autumn”, “Winter Trails”, “Spring Games”, for students in grades 5-8.

Cel and and tasks : acquaintance with sports such as tourism, orienteering; pro-
awakening interest in tourism; student health improvement; fostering a sense of collectivism

I approve

Director of the Municipal Educational Institution “School No. 140 in Donetsk”

E. A. Fadeeva

"Tour - starts"

Documentation

Position

about holding intra-school competitions

"Tour - starts"

Goals and objectives:

Getting to know the sport of tourism;

Awakening interest in tourism;

popularization of tourism among students;

developing students’ desire for a healthy lifestyle;

developing skills of mutual assistance and assistance;

Place and time:

Tourist starts are held on September 17, 2011 on the territory of the municipal educational institution “School No. 140 in Donetsk” from 13 – 00.

Organization, management and implementation:

General management and implementation is carried out by the head of the school, the teacher - organizer.

Competition participants:

Grades 5-8 take part in the competition due to health conditions related to basic medical education. group. Team composition: 5 boys, 5 girls.

Awards

Teams that take 1st, 2nd and 3rd place are awarded certificates.

Competition program:

Team name, motto;

Ball on goal (penalty, number of goals scored);

Counter relay (60m, total time);

Standing jump (sequential execution);

Build a fire (build a hut or a well from sticks in a relay race for the whole team, for a while);

Obstacle course;

Providing first aid (questions):

1. First aid for cuts;

First aid for bruises;

First aid for broken limbs;

Steps sheet

Team name____________________________

Class_________________

		Overall result	Penalty points	Sum of points	Responsible
	Ball on goal
	Counter relay
	Obstacle course
	Standing jump
	Honey. help

FC teacher I. N. Maleev

Practical work with physical education teachers

Master class topic: Tourism “Tourist trails” Prepared by a teacher of the highest qualification category of physical education

Maleev Ivan Nikolaevich Municipal Educational Institution “School No. 140 in Donetsk”

Date: 09.01. 2018.

Time 10 – 00.

Venue: Sports hall of Municipal Educational Institution No. 125 in Donetsk.

Task: Practice practical skills in tying knots.

Purpose of the lesson:

Train teachers to recognize and reproduce knots;

Develop attention, memory, dexterity, motor skills by working with a topographic map;

Cultivate diligence, accuracy, discipline, mutual assistance.

Equipment: 10 ropes (1 cord), 4 carabiners, topographic maps.

Practical part .

First, we need to agree on terminology. Fixed end of the rope

(the one around which they knit) we will call the root end, and those moving during the knitting process (the one that is knitted) we will call the working end. Today we are getting acquainted with knots that are common in tourist circles.

Straight. The knot is used to tie together ropes of the same diameter. A loop is made at the root end, the working end is threaded into it from the bottom up, then the working end is encircled around the loop from behind and below, and it is removed back from the loop. The knot must be straightened and slightly tightened. Make sure that the short and long ends of the ropes come out of the knot opposite each other. Then control knots are tied.

Brahmstock. The knot is used for tying ropes of different diameters; it is more reliable than a clew knot due to high friction. First, a loop is made on a rope of large diameter, into which a rope of smaller diameter is passed from bottom to top, then the working end is carried around the loop from above and forward and passed between the loop and the working end, then another carry is made and the working end is passed between the loop and the working end in the same way. the end. The knot is carefully straightened and tightened. Tie the ends on both sides.

Conductor. A knot is tied at the end of the rope to secure it to the terrain or to the participant’s belay system, at the ends of the ropes used for self-belaying. Knitting method: the end of the rope is folded into a loop, and this loop overlaps itself, forming a kind of “loop from a loop,” after which the working loop is wrapped around the root loop and turned 180* degrees. It is pulled out into the second loop and tightened. A control node is required.

Eight. It is used in the same way as the conductor unit, but is more reliable and does not require a control unit, since the friction in it is very high. The first stage of its knitting is the same as that of the conductor, but the working loop is wrapped around a full turn, that is, 360* degrees. and is pulled out into the same hole. The resulting knot has a characteristic figure-eight pattern, so it is easy to remember.

Tourism Day in the “DPR”: A.V. Zakharchenko called for outdoor recreation. Under development. It also became known that an eco-tourist orienteering rally will be held in occupied Zuevka. Making fires and tying knots. We also adhere to what our head of the republic began among the teachers of our Proletarsky district. Gromakov V.P., the Minister of Sports, also said that a tourist guide to the sights of the DPR is currently being developed. We will be ready to take this route.

Practical lesson on tying knots with physical education teachers.