Pinus peuce

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Species of the genus Pine from the Pine family. It grows naturally in the southern and southeastern parts of Europe: Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Yugoslavia at an altitude of 600-2200 m above sea level. The species was first described in 1839 by the German botanist August Griesenbach.

This is a narrow pyramidal tree of medium height, similar in appearance to Weymouth pine (in cultivation up to 20 m in height and 1 m in trunk diameter, in nature up to 40 m in height). Annual growth is 25-30 cm in height and 15 cm in width. It grows quickly when young. The crown is dense, low to the ground, pin-shaped. The bark of young trees is smooth, gray-brown in color, while that of more mature trees is lamellar, brown or brown-red. The shoots are greenish, thick, without pubescence, young branches are brown-gray. The buds are 9-10 mm in length and 3 mm in thickness, loose, ovoid in shape with a short, slightly pointed apex, slightly narrowed, from reddish-yellow to brown, resinous. The rhizome is highly developed, penetrating deeply into rock cracks or soil.

Needles triangular, straight, 5-12 cm long, 0.75-3 mm wide, bright green in color, hard, dense, pointed at the ends, finely and sparsely jagged along the edge (10-11 teeth per 1 cm), stomatal stripes are light, located on both sides. The needles are collected in bundles of 5 pieces. Stores on branches for 3 years.

Monoecious plant. Blooms in May. Fruits abundantly in 2-3 years. Fruiting in plantings begins at the age of 10-12 years. Cones arranged singly or in groups of 2 on short legs, cylindrical in shape, 8-10 cm in length and 4 cm in thickness, slightly curved, light brown. The cone scales are hard, thin, 3-3.5 cm long and up to 23 mm wide. The scutes are yellow to yellow-brown, sometimes greenish, sharply different from the brownish or dark brown lower part of the scute. The seeds are small, ovoid, 5-7 mm in length, ripen in the third year and are immediately sown. Wing length up to 15 mm. Seeds are collected in late August - early September. Seed similarity is 60-90%.

Frost resistance zone 5a.

Varieties: "Arnold dwarf", "Select", "Nana"

Location: needs sunny, completely open places, grows well in fresh, not dry, fertile soil, acidic or slightly alkaline, well permeable. Can grow on rocky soils. Tolerates urban conditions well.

Landing:Planting is recommended between November and February. Planting hole depth- 0.8-1 m. The distance between plants is at least 4 m. On heavy soils with excess moisture, it is recommended to make drainage 20 cm thick. Soil mixture: sand, peat and top layer of soil in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 - for planting in soil with a neutral reaction. For acidic soils, add 200-300 g of lime to the pit. Superphosphate 150g/hole is added to the planting mixture, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added in the fall.

Care:In the second year after planting, it is necessary to apply complex fertilizer, and in the 2nd half of summer - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers 40-50 g per 10 liters of water.

Trimming:sanitary pruning. When formative pruning, it is recommended to remove no more than 1/3 of the green mass. To increase the density of the crown, a third of the current year's growth is removed, while maintaining the shape of the crown. You cannot leave bare branches without needles. Formative pruning should not be carried out earlier than a year after planting. It is recommended to prune from early spring to late autumn.

Diseases and pests: immune to blister rust, practically does not suffer from diseases and pests. More resistant to sclerodian cancer than Pinus strobus , resistant to mealybug.

Reproduction:propagates by seeds, which are sown in the ground in early spring, but can also be done in autumn. Seeds must be pre-stratified for a month. Seedlings are grown on sandy loam and light clay soils. Rarely on sandy ones.

Usage:Used in forest plantations, parks, gardens. Looks impressive with beautifully flowering or brightly fruited shrubs: barberry, cotoneaster, mock orange, spirea, broom, as well as deciduous trees.

or Cedar elfin wood- Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel

Distributed throughout Eastern Siberia and the Far East, Northeast China, Korea, and Japan. It grows on dune sands, mountain slopes, and swamps in the moss tundra. ON In the south it grows at an altitude of 1600-2000 m, forming a strip of dwarf cedar at the upper border of the forest (on Sakhalin 700-1000 m), to the north the altitude of distribution decreases. In Kamchatka it occurs almost from sea level. Forms large, impenetrable thickets on mountain slopes, scree, and sand. The branches lie under the snow for the winter and straighten out in the spring. Grows on rocky and poor soils. Protected in nature reserves.

Pinus pumila "Glauca"
Photo by Dmitry Vinyarsky

A plant of wide ecological amplitude. For its original appearance it received many names: “lying forest”, “northern cedar”, “northern jungle”, etc. The emergence of creeping dwarf cedar forests was facilitated by its growth conditions.

These are small trees (no more than 5 m in height) with intertwined crowns, pressed to the ground (crawling and creeping along it) and forming impenetrable thickets. Palmate branches, covered with tufts of needles, stretch upward only at the tops. Young shoots are greenish, in the second year of life they are gray-brown, short, with reddish pubescence. The needles are 5 pieces in a bunch, up to 10 cm long, bluish-green, thin, curved, functional for 2-3 years. Male spikelets are intense red, decorative. The cones are red-violet, turning brown as they ripen, 3-6 cm long, ovoid or round, collected at the ends of the branches, falling without opening, along with the seeds. The cones ripen in the second year. The seeds are oval, up to 0.9 cm, dark brown, with a thin skin.

Introduced into cultivation around 1807, known in St. Petersburg since 1833. According to V.I. Lipsky and K.K. Meissner (1915), it was introduced into cultivation by the VIN Botanical Garden, where it is currently grown. Also available in the collections of the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy and the Otradnoe Scientific Experimental Station.

In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (26 copies) were obtained from Primorye and Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 36 years old, height 4.4 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 18.IV ±11. It grows slowly, the annual growth is 3-5 cm. It is dusty from 12.V ± 7 to 18.V ± 4. The cones ripen in September of the following year. Winter hardiness is high. Absent from the landscaping of Moscow.

Pinus pumila Photo by Vyacheslav Radyushkin

Pinus pumila Photo by Konstantin Korzhavin

Pinus pumila Photo by Vyacheslav Radyushkin

Winter-hardy. It grows slowly. Photophilous, does not tolerate dry air. Elfin cedar is undemanding to soils and grows well even on the poorest, rockiest, sandiest soils. Does not require special care, is not susceptible to serious diseases and pests. It is extremely rare in cultivation, although it is a valuable ornamental plant, especially for the northern regions.

Propagated by seeds and grafting onto other types of pines. The survival rate of grafting forms and varieties is very low. Species plants can be grown from seeds. But, unfortunately, even on a natural specimen they ripen once every 20-30 years, and only if it grows in an open place. Before sowing, seeds require artificial stratification for six months at 2-5 °C. Sowing before winter is also possible, but mice can eat the nuts. The photo on the right is a 3-month-old seedling. Dwarf often forms adventitious roots on branches in contact with the ground - layering. Ask if your friends have a mature elfin tree in their garden.

Pinus pumila "Chlorocarpa"
Photo by Dmitry Vinyarsky

Used in single and group plantings in parks and forests, for decorating rock gardens. This plant will fit into a variety of compositions and parts of the garden: undergrowth under pines, larches, oaks, an element of tree groups or, for example, a tapeworm planted among large gray stones on dumps. Slopes and slopes are strengthened with cedar dwarf wood. And they even grow it in containers (most other conifers will simply freeze to death in this case). This means that it is perfect for decorating roof gardens.

The most popular garden form is with bluish needles.

"Glauka", Sizaya ("Glauca"). Selective form. Shrub 1 - 1.5 m high, rarely up to 3 m. Crown diameter is about 3 m. The shoots are powerful, curved and rising. The needles are gray-blue, more intensely colored than the type. It grows slowly, with an annual growth of 3 cm. The main charm of this form is the dense pubescence of the branches with five-coniferous bunches of long (up to 8 cm) sharp curved needles of silver-blue color, which do not fall off for three to four years. Young red-violet cones are an additional decoration of this luxurious pine; By the time of ripening, the ovoid, up to 5 cm long cones become shiny, light brown. Winter-hardy. Photophilous. Does not tolerate stagnant water. Introduced into cultivation in 1943 in Boskop. Propagated by seeds, cuttings (14%). Suitable for group plantings in gardens. for growing in containers. Used for landscaping parterre lawns and rock gardens. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1998, obtained from nature, from the slopes of the Golovnin volcano on Kunashir Island. Should be grown in lime-free soil.

It is impossible to describe in detail all the varieties of dwarf cedar used in Europe; we will briefly report on some with unusual colored needles:

"Chlorocarpa" The size is close to normal, the needles are gray-green, and the young cones are yellow-green. Not particularly attractive, but will interest conifer collectors.

Pinus pumila "Draijer's Dwarf"
Photo by Kirill Tkachenko

"Draijers Dwarf"- a compact wide plant with a funnel-shaped crown and a slow growth rate (5-6 cm per year). Needles 3 cm long are loosely arranged, especially blue ones. Before 1950, selected by G. Hesse and distributed by den Ouden and son in Boskop as P. pumila var. nana, since 1954 received the latter name.

"Dwarf Blue"- wide pine with shoots, fluffy due to pointed, radially arranged bunches of white-bluish needles 3-4 cm long;

"Globe"- Fast-growing shape compared to the species, rounded, up to 2.m high and wide, very dense. Needles are 5-7 cm long, thin, beautiful, bluish-green (=P. sembra "Globe"; den Ouden and Boom). The old tree was selected in the Gimborn Arboretum, Doorn; introduced into culture in 1965 by Dreyer, Heemstede.

"Jeddeloh". The shape is flat, wide, widely spreading with a nest-like deepened middle; branches on the outside rise obliquely; annual growth is 7-10 cm; shoots are densely covered with needles. The needles are pressed to the shoot, straight, arched inward at the end, 3-5 cm long, fresh green, the inner sides are bluish-white. The apical cones are cylindrical, 10-12 mm long, gray-brown, without resin; scales pressed. Yeddelo selection, very tenacious and healthy specimens.

"Jermyns". The dwarf form, especially the slow-growing, very compressed and pin-shaped form, is different in appearance from other forms. Introduced into cultivation in 1965 by Hillier and Son, Winchester.

"Nana"- a shrub with a denser crown than the main species. Male flowers are wine red. The needles are twisted, bright gray-green. Previously considered a form of European pine (Pinus cembra), it is now classified as a dwarf pine, and the name of the form “Nana”, despite the lack of dwarfism, remains.

"Saentis"- the crown shape of this cultivar resembles a miniature pine tree, standing out strongly among other representatives of the species with its vertical structure (the most vertical of the elfin trees).

"Saphir". The form is weak and unevenly growing. The needles are short, beautiful blue. Dreyer selection, 1970

If you and your neighbors grow currants or gooseberries, and you really want a beautiful pine with very long needles, then feel free to plant the Rumelian one.

Crown diameter of an adult plant (m): 5

Height of an adult plant (m): 25

Description

Rumelian pine is an elegant, unpretentious tree with a narrow pyramidal dense crown, covered with long gray-green needles and rather large (up to 11 cm) light brown cones.

It is distinguished by excellent winter hardiness, unpretentiousness in cultivation, and resistance to fungal diseases (especially to blister rust, to which all 5-needle introduced plants are susceptible). In addition, the plant practically does not lose its lower branches.

Plant lifespan

More than 200 years.

Crown

Narrow pyramidal, very dense.

Needles/Foliage

Long (6-11cm), gray-green, collected in bunches of 5.

Bark

Lumpy, scaly, color varies from bright and rich to dark gray or brown.

Fruit

The cones are light brown, hanging.

Started at age 10.

Requirements

Rumelian pine prefers sunny places and tolerates light partial shade. It is not demanding on soil; it grows in any fertile soil, from acidic to alkaline. It is moisture-loving, but tolerates short-term drought.

Landing

Dig a hole slightly larger in size than the volume of the root system, loosen the bottom. Apply organic fertilizers or compost in a 20 cm layer and mix with the loosened layer of soil. Remove the plant with a lump of earth from the container, trying not to damage the roots, place it in a hole at the same depth at which it was in the container: do not bury the root collar, add garden soil if necessary. Fill the hole with earth and compact it, forming an earthen edge around the seedling. Water well and mulch the tree trunk circle.

Plants with a lump of earth from a container are planted from April to November.

Care

Sanitary pruning, tree trunk mulching, fertilizing.

Regular watering for the first time after planting.

Frost-resistant.

Fertilizers: complex for conifers.

Resistant to pests and fungal diseases.

Reproduction

Grafting, seeds.

In Canada, at a conference on coniferous plant species in 1972, Rumelian pine was recommended as the best 5-needle pine for landscaping.

In St. Petersburg, in the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy and in the Botanical Garden of BIN, Rumelian pines have been grown since the end of the 19th century.

This is one of the most widely used trees in landscaping in the Scandinavian countries, but is relatively rare in Russia.

In Europe, this tree is more often called Balkan or Macedonian pine, and in Scandinavian countries - Silk pine.

Pine belongs to the genus of coniferous evergreen trees, the Pinaceae family, which are characterized by needle-shaped needles growing in bunches of 2-5 pieces each and lignified female cones that ripen over two growing seasons.

Pine lives on average about 350 years, growing in height from 35-75 m, but there are also long-livers. For example, bristlecone pine, which grows in the United States, lives for about 6,000 years and is the longest-lived tree species throughout the world.

In addition, pine is distinguished by its powerful root system with a vertical taproot extending deep down, as well as peeling bark. Thanks to this structure of pine roots, it can be called a pioneer of forests, since it can grow in a variety of places: on sand, on rocks, over ravines, in forests. Some types of pines are not afraid of drought, snow, frost, or winds.

But pine is sensitive to air pollution by gases and dust, which limits its use in urban landscaping. As a rule, pine is common in the temperate and cold climates of the northern hemisphere, where it forms forests on rocky slopes and on well-drained soils.

In total, there are approximately 100 species of pine in temperate forests and more than 20 species in tropical and subtropical zones. Some types of pine are valued for their variety of shapes and beautiful crown shape, while others are valued for their beautiful cones and the color of their needles.

The most popular in ornamental gardening are Siberian pine, Weymouth pine, Rumelian pine, Banks pine and dwarf pine from the Alps; it forms low bush thickets.

In the mountains of the northern part of the Black Sea coast and Crimea, Crimean pine (Pinus Pallasiana) or Pallas is often found - a tree about 30 m high, which looks very decorative thanks to its long green needles.

In Russia, the widest range is occupied by Scots pine. The most valuable pine species are: yellow pine, resinous pine, Weymouth pine.

Some species of pine trees are endangered and are listed in the Red Book. For example, chalk pine, Pitsunda pine, funerary pine and others.

Pine benefits a person. Its homogeneous softwood can be easily processed, glued, painted and polished, making it a sought-after building material.

Features of pine care

Pine is light-loving, so it develops and grows better in open places. In addition, pine is a drought-resistant plant that does not require additional watering.

Young specimens of pine and decorative forms with delicate needles can suffer from winter frosts, as well as spring needle burns, so in the fall they need to be covered with spruce branches, which must be removed in April. Mature pines are quite winter-hardy.

A large number of pine species are undemanding to soil, but prefer to grow on sandy loam or sandy soils. If there is a lot of sand in the soil, then you need to add clay.

The soil for planting pine trees should be in the following proportions - turf soil, clay or sand (2:1). If the soils are heavy, drainage is required, which is gravel or sand, in a layer about 20 cm thick.

Pine propagation

Pine can be propagated by seeds: they need to be sown in the spring. You should know that pine seeds ripen only 2 years after pollination. Ornamental species are propagated by grafting. It is usually not possible to propagate pine trees by cuttings.

Pine diseases and pests

The most common pine disease - seryanka (blister rust, tar cancer) - is caused by a rust fungus. An orange coating similar to pollen appears on the tips of the needles. Control measures: removal of infected trees, destruction of intermediate hosts (gooseberries and currants).

The main pests of pine are butterflies and some types of aphids. Butterflies and their caterpillars feed on buds and needles and gnaw at shoots. To combat butterflies, trees are sprayed with the biological product Lepidocide.

Some pine diseases are caused by aphids. You can fight it by treating it with carbophos or insecticides (pine moth, common pine scale insect, pine cutworm).

The use of pine in landscape design

Pine is traditionally used in garden design. Recommended for group and single plantings and alpine slides. Some decorative forms of pine can be used for borders and free-growing hedges.

Aristata pine (Bristol)

This pine is native to North America. It is a small bushy tree, no more than 15 m high. The oldest of all specimens of this species is pine, growing in the mountains of Arizona. She is more than 1500 years old. But in general, the life expectancy of pine depends on the place of growth.

The cultivated pine tree has a very beautiful appearance, however, dead needles remain on the tree for a long time, thereby spoiling its appearance, so it is recommended to remove it manually. Tree about 15 m high. Blooms in early spring. Anther cones are numerous, yellow or reddish. Aristata pine looks great as a bonsai or rock garden.

Armandi pine

Armandi pine differs from representatives of other species by its beautiful resinous yellow-brown cones, which look impressive against the background of narrow and long blue-green needles. It grows in China and is valued not only for its decorative appearance, but also for its durable, soft wood, which is used in the furniture industry and used to make sleepers. In addition, turpentine is obtained from the resin of this pine - a raw material for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Tree up to 18 m high. Lives for more than 500 years.

This pine grows from Bear Lake in Canada to Vermont in the USA. Banks pine grows in the sandy soils of hills and plains. The tree is about 25 m high and the trunk is 50-80 cm in diameter. The cones are curved and oblique, sessile, conical, about 5 cm, kept on the tree, closed for several years.

The wood of this type of pine is hard and heavy. It is used in construction, and sulphate pulp is made from it.

The fragrant Banks pine resin that appears on the shoots makes this pine especially desirable in plantings near sanatoriums and holiday homes, where it looks great in group plantings.

White pine (Japanese)

White pine, sometimes called Japanese or maiden pine, grows in Japan, as well as on the Kuril Islands. It is an elegant tree no more than 20 m high with long dark green needles, which have a silver tint on the underside and a dense cone-shaped crown.

In Japan, this pine tree is a symbol of longevity and also a symbol of the beginning of the year.

Due to its decorative value, this type of pine is often found in parks on the Caucasus coast, where it has taken root due to the humid and mild climate.

Grows in the mountains in southeastern Europe. Whitebark pine is not demanding on growing conditions and is resistant to dust and smoke, which is why it is widespread in many countries, as well as in Russia. The tree is about 8-10 m high, with a crown diameter of 7 m. The cones are ovoid, brown-black.

The tree looks impressive in group and single plantings and is suitable for small areas due to its slow growth. Lives about 300-350 years.

Weymouth pine grows in northeastern North America. In those places its height reaches about 30-40 m, but in our latitudes you can only count on 15, maximum 20 m. It lives for about 300 years. The crown of the Weymouth pine is pyramidal, the branches are horizontal, the needles are soft, blue-green, 10 cm long.

The cones of this pine are long, light brown-yellow. Having a vast habitat, this pine practically does not form pure stands; it grows together with maples, oaks and hemlock.

Himalayan pine (Wallihiana)

On the southern slopes of Annapurna, in the Himalayas, at altitudes of about 1800-3760 m above sea level, graceful trees grow, about 50 m high, with a pyramidal crown and green-gray short needles, collected in bunches of 5 pieces.

Himalayan pine is very decorative thanks to its wonderful, long hanging cones.

Mountain pine can be a tree about 10 m high or a multi-stemmed bush. Its habitat is Southern and Central Europe.

Turning and carpentry products are made from the wood of this pine, and its resin is used in cosmetics and medicine. In Crimea, it is used to strengthen slopes with poor soil.

Mountain pine is very popular as a decorative species that decorates personal plots and gardens and is often used to create low-growing groups.

It grows at altitudes from 900 to 1700 and above sea level, forming mixed with larch and spruce and small pure stands. This type of pine is especially valued for its delicious seeds - pine nuts; they are very nutritious and healthy because they contain up to 50% oil, protein and starch.

Cedar pine wood is used as a material for carpentry and construction work, as well as for the production of pencils. However, cedar pine is listed in the Red Book, so its economic use is limited.

This type of pine forms pure stands and can grow together with birch, spruce, aspen, and oak. The height of the tree is from 20 to 40 m, the crown is cone-shaped when young, and umbrella-shaped when mature.

The color of the needles is bluish-green, the cones are ovoid, reddish-brown, single, their length is about 3-6 cm. Scots pine grows quickly.

Its wood is used in construction and in some industries; is the main source of lumber. Its resin is used as raw material for the chemical industry, and its needles are used to produce vitamin flour.

or Balkan

Grows in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. Creates forests at an altitude of about 750-2300 m, pure or with white fir, Scots pine and Norway spruce.

Shade-tolerant and fast-growing, undemanding to soil. The height of the tree is about 20 meters. The crown of the Balkan pine is cone-shaped, sometimes growing straight from the ground. Balkan pine needles are long, dense, grayish-green, the cones are light brown, elongated.

The decorative forms of this pine decorate the landscapes of the USA and Northern Europe. There are also dwarf varieties of this plant that can be grown in bonsai style.

Thunberg Pine is a beautiful tree with deeply furrowed bark that becomes rough and expressive.

This type of pine occupies large areas in North America, growing at an altitude of approximately 3500 m above sea level. The low-growing form of lodgepole pine grows in swamps and sand dunes.

Durable and light yellowish wood of this type is used in construction.

Black pine (Austrian)

In nature, black pine grows in Central and Southern Europe, and in the west of the Balkan Peninsula. The height of the tree is from 20-40 meters, in youth the crown is pyramidal, in maturity it is umbrella-shaped. The needles are long, dark green, the cones are yellow-brown.

Black pine wood has a high resin content; it is elastic, durable and hard. Often used to create underwater structures and in shipbuilding.

Among the countless varieties and hybrids of sweet peppers, there are those, such as the Ramiro pepper, whose popularity is literally worldwide. And if most vegetables on supermarket shelves are nameless, and it is almost impossible to find out about their variety, then the name of this pepper “Ramiro” will certainly be on the packaging. And, as my experience has shown, this pepper is worth letting other gardeners know about it. In connection with which this article was written.

Autumn is the most mushroom time. It is no longer hot, and heavy dew falls in the mornings. Since the earth is still warm, and foliage has already attacked from above, creating a completely special microclimate in the ground layer, the mushrooms are very comfortable. Mushroom pickers are also comfortable at this time, especially in the mornings when it is cooler. It's time for both to meet. And, if you haven’t introduced yourself to each other, get to know each other. In this article I will introduce you to exotic, little-known and not always edible mushrooms that look like coral.

If you are a busy person, but at the same time not devoid of romance, if you have your own plot and are endowed with aesthetic taste, then explore the opportunity to purchase this wonderful ornamental shrub - karyopteris, or Nutwing. He is also “wing-hazel”, “blue fog” and “blue beard”. It truly fully combines unpretentiousness and beauty. Karyopteris reaches its peak of decorativeness in late summer and autumn. It is at this time that it blooms.

Pepper ajvar - vegetable caviar or thick vegetable sauce made from bell peppers with eggplants. The peppers for this recipe are baked for quite a long time, then they are also stewed. Onions, tomatoes, and eggplants are added to ajvar. To store eggs for the winter, they are sterilized. This Balkan recipe is not for those who like to make preparations quickly, undercooked and underbaked - not about ajvar. In general, we approach the matter in detail. For the sauce, we choose the ripest and meatiest vegetables on the market.

Despite the simple names (“sticky” or “indoor maple”) and the status of a modern substitute for indoor hibiscus, abutilons are far from the simplest plants. They grow well, bloom profusely and provide a healthy look of greenery only in optimal conditions. On thin leaves, any deviations from comfortable lighting or temperatures and disturbances in care quickly appear. To reveal the beauty of abutilons in rooms, it is worth finding the ideal place for them.

Zucchini fritters with Parmesan and mushrooms - a delicious recipe with photos of available products. Ordinary zucchini pancakes can be easily turned into a non-boring dish by adding a few savory ingredients to the dough. During the squash season, pamper your family with vegetable pancakes with wild mushrooms; it is not only very tasty, but also filling. Zucchini is a universal vegetable, it is suitable for stuffing, for preparations, for main courses, and even for sweets there are delicious recipes - compotes and jam are made from zucchini.

The idea of ​​growing vegetables on the grass, under the grass and in the grass is scary at first, until you become imbued with the naturalness of the process: in nature, this is exactly how everything happens. With the obligatory participation of all soil living creatures: from bacteria and fungi to moles and toads. Each of them contributes. Traditional tillage with digging, loosening, fertilizing, and fighting all those we consider pests destroys the biocenoses that have been created over centuries. In addition, it requires a lot of labor and resources.

What to do instead of a lawn? So that all this beauty does not turn yellow, does not get sick and at the same time looks like a lawn... I hope that the smart and quick-witted reader is already smiling. After all, the answer suggests itself - if you do nothing, nothing will happen. Of course, there are several solutions that can be used, and with their help, you can reduce the area of ​​​​the lawn, and therefore reduce the labor intensity of caring for it. I propose to consider alternative options and discuss their pros and cons.

Tomato sauce with onions and sweet peppers - thick, aromatic, with pieces of vegetables. The sauce cooks quickly and is thick because this recipe contains pectin. Make such preparations at the end of summer or autumn, when the vegetables have ripened in the sun in the garden beds. Bright, red tomatoes will make equally bright homemade ketchup. This sauce is a ready-made dressing for spaghetti, and you can also simply spread it on bread - very tasty. For better preservation, you can add a little vinegar.

This year I often observed a picture: among the luxurious green crown of trees and shrubs, here and there, like candles, the bleached tops of shoots “burn.” This is chlorosis. Most of us know about chlorosis from school biology lessons. I remember that this is a lack of iron... But chlorosis is an ambiguous concept. And lightening of foliage does not always mean a lack of iron. What is chlorosis, what our plants lack during chlorosis and how to help them, we will tell you in the article.

Korean vegetables for the winter - delicious Korean salad with tomatoes and cucumbers. The salad is sweet and sour, spicy and slightly spicy because it is prepared with Korean carrot seasoning. Be sure to prepare a few jars for the winter; in cold winter, this healthy and aromatic snack will come in handy. You can use overripe cucumbers for the recipe; it is better to harvest vegetables in late summer or early autumn, when they are ripe in the open ground under the sun.

Autumn for me means dahlias. Mine begin to bloom as early as June, and all summer the neighbors peek at me over the fence, reminding them that I promised them a few tubers or seeds by the fall. In September, a tart note appears in the aroma of these flowers, hinting at the approaching cold. This means it’s time to start preparing the plants for the long, cold winter. In this article I will share my secrets of autumn care for perennial dahlias and preparing them for winter storage.

To date, through the efforts of breeders, according to various sources, from seven to ten thousand (!) varieties of cultivated apple trees have been bred. But despite their enormous diversity, in private gardens, as a rule, only a couple of popular and beloved varieties grow. Apple trees are large trees with a spreading crown, and you cannot grow many of them in one area. What if you try to grow columnar varieties of this crop? In this article I will tell you exactly about these varieties of apple trees.

Pinjur - Balkan-style eggplant caviar with sweet peppers, onions and tomatoes. A distinctive feature of the dish is that the eggplants and peppers are first baked, then peeled and simmered for a long time in a roasting pan or in a thick-bottomed pan, adding the rest of the vegetables specified in the recipe. The caviar turns out to be very thick, with a bright, rich taste. In my opinion, this cooking method is the best known. Although it is more troublesome, the result compensates for the labor costs.