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Green Belt of Glory The monuments of the Great Blockade Ring are the lines closest to Leningrad where the fascist troops were stopped. On the Great Blockade. Green Belt of Glory Green Belt of Glory Leningrad monuments

The idea of ​​Mikhail Dudin was abandoned and distorted back in the seventies of the last century

The authorities of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region do not have time to put in order and restore all the monuments of the Green Belt of Glory ensemble for the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockade. Work on the inventory and survey of monuments began too late.

It still takes time to resolve property issues. For example, in the Leningrad region, 24 out of 27 memorials do not have an owner, and correspondence with the Federal Property Management Agency to determine the ownership of the objects has just begun. Officials from the two regions promise to put the entire complex in order by the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The city allocates about 100 million for its part, and the region - 113 million.


And that's good. The matter moved from a dead point. But it’s still important how it goes, because the huge complex of the “Green Belt of Glory” is still an ensemble. Ambiguous, heterogeneous, and therefore requires an integrated and professional approach. If it is restored as has been done so far - painting the slabs with gray or red paint to give it a look (we previously raised this topic in the issue dated September 12, 2012) - then such restoration makes no sense.

How much does your repair cost?

Two red carnations on the granite slab soaked in Neva dampness of the “Rubezhny Kamen” - the main monument of the Nevsky Patch and one of the monuments of the “Green Belt of Glory”, an ensemble of memorials that, surrounding St. Petersburg, remind us of the siege of Leningrad. Two red carnations on dark granite. Whenever you arrive, there will be flowers there. I don't know who brings them. To my shame, when I come to war monuments, I remember the flowers at the very last moment, when I stand and look at the carnations that were not placed by me. But, thank God, someone remembers this. So it was this time. The sightseers, one by one, emerged from the bus, listening to the story of the great battle, and averted their gaze from the carnations. And everyone wanted to do something good right away. One man, apparently not a poor man, even asked the guide how much it would cost to repair the monument. The guide turned out to be knowledgeable. And he named the amount that was recently calculated at the museum agency of the Leningrad region. Four million rubles. The businessman, apparently counting on different estimates from the capitals, did not expect this, and, putting on an awkwardly thoughtful look, hurried to board the bus.

We don't know how this story ends. Maybe the businessman will still count his assets and contact the museum agency...

The alleys didn't reach the belt

In fact, that’s how it was. “Green Belt of Glory” is a national monument. The idea was invented by the poet Mikhail Dudin. The complex of monuments with alleys and groves connecting them was supposed to run along the blockade ring, and the monuments were to stand at the sites of specific battles, at the lines where the enemy troops were stopped. The project of the “Green Belt of Glory” and individual memorials on a voluntary basis was developed by a team of architects led by Gennady Buldakov in 1958 - 1964. The monuments were erected by Leningrad residents and city enterprises on their own. For the 20th anniversary of the Victory, on the “Green Belt of Glory” there were, if not monuments, then foundation steles. But then the enthusiasm died down, and the steles remained standing somewhere. The maintenance of the monuments was also entrusted to nearby economic entities - if not district administrations, then factories.

And this became a mistake. Almost immediately the ensemble ceased to be an ensemble: each organization was responsible for its own facility (which were spread out over a 200-kilometer ring), and no one thought big. It never reached the belt of alleys and groves.

The ensemble ceased to be an ensemble

The concept continued to fall apart. In 1974, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR issued Resolution No. 624, by which the ensemble was named the “Green Belt of Glory of Leningrad”, and its memorials were recognized as historical monuments of federal significance. But to simplify the maintenance of military monuments in Leningrad and the region, the resolution was called “On the addition and partial amendment of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of August 30, 1960 No. 1327 “On further improvement of the protection of cultural monuments in the RSFSR” - they included in the ensemble of the “Green Belt of Glory” monuments of the “Road of Life” and “Oranienbaum Bridgehead” memorial complexes, which were created by other architects and carried other meanings. Which ones are clear from the names.

Buldakov’s team then protested. The architects said that they created precisely the “Green Belt of Glory”. But you cannot make amendments to the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, as you can to the general plan of St. Petersburg.

It remains that way. The document mixed ideas and concepts into one heap. And the local historians who wrote books about the war memorials of Leningrad only broadcast this decree.

What was the result? Thirty-two monuments, each of which was looked after in every possible way: here a factory or a military unit tinted the stones for the holidays, and there the district administration put up flower beds.

14, 19, 32 or 80?

Well, then, closer to perestroika, they stopped courting. St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region became different subjects of the Federation. By the end of the century, the authorities issued instructions to the districts to put the monuments in order. But this doesn't solve the problem. As we have already said, many properties do not even have an owner.

The quantity is also unclear. The resolution of the Council of Ministers spoke of 32 monuments, eight of which were located on the territory of Leningrad. In 2001, the order of the administration of St. Petersburg spoke of 14 monuments of the “Green Belt of Glory” in the city. Now the Committee for Culture of St. Petersburg states that the “Green Belt of Glory” consists of 37 memorial complexes, which include more than 80 monuments. And the city property management committee claims that of these, 19 objects are included in the property register of St. Petersburg. The Leningrad region counted 27 monuments.

So how many monuments are there in the “Green Belt of Glory”? And what to do with them?

Steles and poplars replaced

This is where the answer is. The author of the program for the reconstruction and replacement of monuments of the Green Belt of Glory, Zoya Koshik, lives in St. Petersburg. At one time, she and enthusiastic architects developed such a project. It was accepted and even found funding (we talked about this in detail in the article “The Green Belt of Glory” fell apart into separate monuments” in the issue of September 12, 2012). But then somehow everything was forgotten. In short, its essence is to create a unified directorate for the maintenance, reconstruction, replacement, etc., etc., etc. of the monuments of the “Green Belt of Glory,” where, in addition to the staff, there would be architects and restorers. And let this directorate deal with all military monuments, if not individual monuments, then ensembles - “Dear Life”, “Oranienbaum Bridgehead”... This would be logical. Then it would be possible to work systematically: restore what was lost, finally replace the mortgage steles with monuments, in some places in the alleys replace the poplars that were planted in a hurry on certain dates with other tree species... As Zoya Petrovna explained to the VP correspondent, Each composition had a spiritual component, expressed through artistic means, but steles and tools do not serve such a task.

Nobody's monuments

The idea of ​​a single directorate is, one might say, in the air. As Governor Georgy Poltavchenko said in his interview with Evening Petersburg, it would be correct to transfer the ensemble of the Green Belt of Glory into one hand, so that some single directorate would be responsible for the condition of the monuments. But taking into account the January celebrations, as well as the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory, the authorities decided that it was now more important to put the “Green Belt of Glory” in order.

This issue was also discussed in the neighboring region. As Vice-Governor Nikolai Yemelyanov said at a meeting of the advisory council under the governor of the Leningrad region for the affairs of war veterans, labor, armed forces and law enforcement agencies, in November 2012, through the presidential embassy, ​​they approached with a proposal to create a single museum complex that would be responsible for the ensemble “ Green Belt of Glory" in two regions. But there was no solution.

As a result, an inventory was carried out in both regions. And in the Leningrad region, 24 out of 27 monuments do not have an owner. For it to appear, the objects must be registered with the Federal Property Management Agency. Letters have been written there, but no response yet. The subjects also compiled a summary calculation of the necessary funding for repair and restoration work. In St. Petersburg this amount is about 100 million rubles, and in the Leningrad region - 113.42 million rubles.

In general, the anniversary is coming, there is money. Is there a spiritual component?

Let's summarize. The “Green Belt of Glory”, as conceived by Mikhail Dudin, is still not completed. Of course, rings of alleys and groves can no longer be grown, but the foundation steles must be replaced with monuments. But for this, the legendary memorial must have one owner.

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1941-1944, created in 1965-1968 with the aim of perpetuating the memory of its heroic defenders. The initiator of the creation of this complex was the poet Mikhail Dudin.

Description

The layout of the “Green Belt of Glory” is based on the line of defense where enemy troops were stopped in September 1941. The work to clarify the front line and locations of troops was carried out by the Leningrad Military District Headquarters. The memorial was erected using the “people’s construction method”; residents and the largest organizations of Leningrad took part in its creation. On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, foundation stones were laid at the sites of future memorials and the first trees were planted. As documents and articles report, in order to implement the general plan of the “Green Belt of Glory,” the executive committees of the Leningrad city and regional Soviets decided to patronize the executive committees of the district Soviets of the city and region over its individual sections. Collectives from industrial enterprises, educational institutions, and military personnel were involved in the work.

The total length of the Green Belt of Glory is over 200 km and includes green spaces, within which there are 26 monuments. Additionally, nine monuments were installed on the Oranienbaum bridgehead and seven monuments on the Road of Life.

The project was developed on a voluntary basis by a team of architects (G. N. Buldakov - leader, M. A. Sementovskaya and V. L. Gaikovich) in 1958-1964.

The “Green Belt of Glory” consists of the Big and Small blockade ring. The large ring runs from Uritsk, Pulkovo Heights, Kolpino, Kirovsk, the western shore of Lake Ladoga, Vaskelov, Lembolov, Beloostrov and further along the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland to St. Petersburg. The small blockade ring includes the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland from Peterhof through Lomonosov, Bolshaya Izhora to the village of Kornevo and further through Porozhki to Peterhof. On the former front line there are over 80 monuments, obelisks, steles and other structures, united in memorial complexes. The symbolic center of the “Green Belt of Glory” is the monument to the “Heroic Defenders of Leningrad” on Victory Square.

Many memorials of the Green Belt of Glory are still traditional places for celebrations and mourning ceremonies in memory of the defenders of the Motherland. Some of them, however, are in dilapidated condition and need reconstruction.

Monuments

  • Stele at the site of the death of the pilots who repeated the feat of N. Gastello in July 1942

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Literature

  • Gusarov A. Yu. Monuments of military glory of St. Petersburg. - St. Petersburg. : “Parity”, 2010. - 400 p. - ISBN 978-5-93437-363-5.
  • Duzhnikov Yu. A.. - L.: Lenizdat, 1978. - 126 p.
  • . - L.: Lenizdat, 1972. - 280 p.

Notes

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Green Belt of Glory

-What do you order, your honor? - asked the fireworksman, who stood close to him and heard him muttering something.
“Nothing, a grenade...” he answered.
“Come on, our Matvevna,” he said to himself. Matvevna imagined in his imagination a large, extreme, antique cast cannon. The French appeared to him like ants near their guns. The handsome and drunkard number two of the second gun in his world was his uncle; Tushin looked at him more often than others and rejoiced at his every move. The sound of the gunfire, which either died down or intensified again under the mountain, seemed to him like someone’s breathing. He listened to the fading and flaring up of these sounds.
“Look, I’m breathing again, I’m breathing,” he said to himself.
He himself imagined himself to be of enormous stature, a powerful man who threw cannonballs at the French with both hands.
- Well, Matvevna, mother, don’t give it away! - he said, moving away from the gun, when an alien, unfamiliar voice was heard above his head:
- Captain Tushin! Captain!
Tushin looked around in fear. It was the staff officer who kicked him out of Grunt. He shouted to him in a breathless voice:
- What, are you crazy? You were ordered to retreat twice, and you...
“Well, why did they give me this?...” Tushin thought to himself, looking at the boss with fear.
“I... nothing...” he said, putting two fingers to the visor. - I…
But the colonel did not say everything he wanted. A cannonball flying close caused him to dive and bend over on his horse. He fell silent and was just about to say something else when another core stopped him. He turned his horse and galloped away.
- Retreat! Everyone retreat! – he shouted from afar. The soldiers laughed. A minute later the adjutant arrived with the same order.
It was Prince Andrei. The first thing he saw, riding out into the space occupied by Tushin’s guns, was an unharnessed horse with a broken leg, neighing near the harnessed horses. Blood flowed from her leg like from a key. Between the limbers lay several dead. One cannonball after another flew over him as he approached, and he felt a nervous shiver run down his spine. But the very thought that he was afraid raised him up again. “I cannot be afraid,” he thought and slowly dismounted from his horse between the guns. He conveyed the order and did not leave the battery. He decided that he would remove the guns from the position with him and withdraw them. Together with Tushin, walking over the bodies and under terrible fire from the French, he began cleaning up the guns.
“And then the authorities came just now, so they were tearing up,” the fireworksman said to Prince Andrei, “not like your honor.”
Prince Andrei did not say anything to Tushin. They were both so busy that it seemed they didn’t even see each other. When, having put the surviving two of the four guns on the limbers, they moved down the mountain (one broken cannon and the unicorn were left), Prince Andrei drove up to Tushin.
“Well, goodbye,” said Prince Andrei, extending his hand to Tushin.
“Goodbye, my dear,” said Tushin, “dear soul!” “goodbye, my dear,” said Tushin with tears that, for some unknown reason, suddenly appeared in his eyes.

The wind died down, black clouds hung low over the battlefield, merging on the horizon with gunpowder smoke. It was getting dark, and the glow of fires was all the more clearly visible in two places. The cannonade became weaker, but the crackle of guns behind and to the right was heard even more often and closer. As soon as Tushin with his guns, driving around and running over the wounded, came out from under fire and went down into the ravine, he was met by his superiors and adjutants, including a staff officer and Zherkov, who was sent twice and never reached Tushin’s battery. All of them, interrupting one another, gave and passed on orders on how and where to go, and made reproaches and comments to him. Tushin did not give orders and silently, afraid to speak, because at every word he was ready, without knowing why, to cry, he rode behind on his artillery nag. Although the wounded were ordered to be abandoned, many of them trailed behind the troops and asked to be deployed to the guns. The same dashing infantry officer who jumped out of Tushin’s hut before the battle was, with a bullet in his stomach, placed on Matvevna’s carriage. Under the mountain, a pale hussar cadet, supporting the other with one hand, approached Tushin and asked to sit down.
“Captain, for God’s sake, I’m shell-shocked in the arm,” he said timidly. - For God's sake, I can't go. For God's sake!
It was clear that this cadet had more than once asked to sit somewhere and was refused everywhere. He asked in a hesitant and pitiful voice.
- Order him to be imprisoned, for God's sake.
“Plant, plant,” said Tushin. “Put down your overcoat, uncle,” he turned to his beloved soldier. -Where is the wounded officer?
“They put it in, it’s over,” someone answered.
- Plant it. Sit down, honey, sit down. Lay down your overcoat, Antonov.
The cadet was in Rostov. He held the other with one hand, was pale, and his lower jaw was shaking with feverish trembling. They put him on Matvevna, on the very gun from which they laid the dead officer. There was blood on the overcoat, which stained Rostov's leggings and hands.
- What, are you wounded, darling? - said Tushin, approaching the gun on which Rostov was sitting.
- No, I’m shell-shocked.
- Why is there blood on the bed? – Tushin asked.
“It was the officer, your honor, who bled,” answered the artillery soldier, wiping the blood with the sleeve of his overcoat and as if apologizing for the uncleanness in which the gun was located.

Categories / Architecture/Sculpture, monuments, memorials
“GREEN BELT OF GLORY”, complex meme. structures on the lines of the Battle of Leningrad 1941-44, created with the aim of perpetuating the memory of its heroic defenders. The first structure of the future complex appeared during the Second World War - this is a stele between Ligovo and Sosnovaya Polyana (1944; architect K.L. Iogansen, V.A. Petrov); then an obelisk was erected on Peterhofsky Highway. at the fork in the roads to Krasnoye Selo and Petrodvorets (1946; same authors). Currently time these memorials. are part of the Kirov Val memorial in the territory. St. Petersburg On June 23, 1956, the first decision of the mountains was published. pr-va about the construction of monuments to the heroes of the defense of Leningrad. In accordance with it, the following were opened: an obelisk near Moskovsky Highway. (1957), now part of the “Storm” memorial (architect M.K. Melikova), granite stele at the 32nd km of Peterhof highway. (1961; architect O.I. Sokolova), which later became part of the Primorsky memorial. The idea of ​​the need to create a unified military complex. memorials around Leningrad was proposed in 1965 and received the approval of the city leadership. The project for the general layout of the memorial was developed in 1958-64 by employees of the architectural planning department of the Leningrad City Executive Committee and the 1st workshop of the Lenproekt Institute (the working group included architects G.N. Buldakov, V.L. Gaikovich, M.A. Sementovskaya ). The basis of the layout “Z. p.s." a line of defense was established, on which in September. 1941 enemy troops were stopped. The work to clarify the front line and locations of troops was carried out by the Leningrad Military District Headquarters. The memorial was erected using the “people’s construction method”; residents and the largest organizations of Leningrad took part in its creation. The total length of “W. p.s." amounted to 200 km. It is divided into several. sections: 1) “Big blockade ring” (southern shore of the Gulf of Finland in the Ligovo region - Pulkovo Heights - north of the city of Pushkin - south of the city of Kolpino - city of Kirovsk - right bank of the Neva - western shore of Lake Ladoga - villages of Upper and Lower Nikulyasy - village of Vaskelovo - Sestra River - northern shore of the Gulf of Finland). On this territory There are memorials “Kirovsky Val”, “Pulkovsky Frontier”, “Militia”, “Unconquered”, “Storm”, “Izhora Ram”, “Nevsky Threshold”, “Nevsky Piglet”, “Breakthrough”, “Nameless Height”, “Lembolovskaya” Stronghold", "Garden of Peace" and "Sister". 2) “Small blockade ring” (Petrodvorets – Gostilitskoye highway – Porozhki village – Voronka river – Kernovo village). It includes the memorials “Primorsky”, “Attack”, “Anchor”, “January Thunder”, “Gostilitsky”, “Far Frontier” and “Coast of the Courageous”. 3) Zap. and east sections of the “Road of Life” (village Lednevo – Kobona – Lavrovo – Voikobalo) with the monument. “Flower of Life”, “Rumbolovskaya Mountain”, “Katyusha”, “Broken Ring”, “Crossing”, “Steel Road” and the Kronstadt Memorial on the island. Kotlin. To the military complex. memorials included a variety of architecture. products, combining sculpture, memorial signs and preserved or restored defenses in a single composition. structures. The connecting link between monuments located at great distances from each other are parks and memorials. alleys and squares. Page first memory. “Z. p.s." completed in 1965, on the 20th anniversary of the Victory. Foundation stones were placed at the sites of future memorials and the first trees were planted. In the same year, projects developed by Leningrad. arch. and sculptures were exhibited in the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council, and at the beginning of 1966 - in the House of Architects. The construction of memorials took place over several years. stages. The first ones were built by May 9, 1967. At the end. 1960s - early Work continued in the 1970s, most of the objects were completed by May 1975 (30th anniversary of the Victory). By this time, for the former. There were over 80 monuments, obelisks and other structures along the front line. As self-sufficient elements in the composition of “Z. p.s." fraternal military cemeteries are included. and burials, military samples. equipment, buildings and structures marked with meme. boards (for example, a building in the village of Borisova Griva, where an evacuation point was located in 1941-42). In 1974 “Z. p.s." received memorial status. history of the republic significance and was accepted under state protection. Its symbolic center is the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, opened on May 9, 1975 on the square. Victory in St. Petersburg. Construction continued into the second half. 1970s – first half. 1980s During this period, already built memorials were improved and new ones were created, the surrounding area was landscaped, and trees were planted.
Lit.: Lukyanov Yu.A. Frontiers of perseverance and courage. L., 1985. P. 65-171; Ganshin V., Serdobolsky O. Ring of memory, ring of glory. L., 1988. P. 60-118; Semenova T.M. “Stone Chronicle” of the Great Patriotic War // Proceedings of the State Medical Institute of St. Petersburg. Vol. 5. St. Petersburg, 2000, pp. 324-343.
I.A. Karpenko Karpenko Irina Alexandrovna
Belyaeva G.V. , collaborated
Buldakov Gennady Nikanorovich, collaborated
Gaikovich Vladislav L., collaborated
Johansen Kirill Leonardovich, collaborated
Melikova Maria Konstantinovna, collaborated
Petrov Vasily Alexandrovich, collaborated
Sementovskaya Maryana Avenirovna, collaborated
Sokolova Olga Ivanovna, collaborated

Geography

Leningrad region/Vsevolozhsk district/Borisova Griva village
Leningrad region/Vsevolozhsk district/Vaskelovo village
Topographical landmarks/Funnel river.
Leningrad region/Kirov district/Kirovsk city
Leningrad region/Kirov district/Kobona village
Leningrad region/Kirov district/Lavrovo village
Topographical landmarks/Lake Ladoga.
Leningrad region/Kirov district/Lednevo village
Topographical landmarks/Priozerskoye Highway
Topographical landmarks/Sister river
Leningrad region/Kingisepp district/Ust-Luga region
Topographical landmarks/Gulf of Finland

Green Belt of Glory... What do these words tell you? For some it’s nothing special, for some they remember something related to the Great Patriotic War, but for others they know more. Until recently, I was one of those who heard something, but couldn’t really say anything. In a boring winter, in anticipation of the motorcycle season, I decided to eliminate this gap and began rummaging through the Internet, studying the details and thinking through the routes of upcoming motorcycle trips. Here's a short excerpt from Wikipedia:

“Green Belt of Glory” is a complex of memorial structures on the lines of the Battle of Leningrad in 1941-1944, created in 1965-1968 with the aim of perpetuating the memory of its heroic defenders. The layout of the “Green Belt of Glory” is based on the line of defense where enemy troops were stopped in September 1941. The memorial was erected using the “people’s construction method”; residents and the largest organizations of Leningrad took part in its creation. The total length of the Green Belt of Glory is over 200 km and includes green spaces, within which there are 26 monuments. Additionally, nine monuments were installed on the Oranienbaum bridgehead and seven monuments on the Road of Life.

Further from myself. It turned out to be difficult to collect complete information about all objects of the complex. For the most part, the information is available and it was relatively easy to organize, but for some structures it was necessary to tinker with searching for their descriptions and specific locations. The “Kirovsky Val” turned out to be a very difficult object, which consists of 11 monuments located on the territory of the Kirovsky district. With regret, I learned that not all of the monuments have survived to this day - the White Island memorial was demolished in the harsh 90s and a gas station is now built in its place.

Based on the results of data collection, I received a table containing information about 38 memorials of the Green Belt of Glory, uniting a total of 50 monuments. Many of them were familiar to me, but I happened to know about some for the first time. Nevsky Piglet and Proryv were well known to me, I had studied their history for a long time, and was sufficiently aware of the events that took place during the war in the places where these memorials were installed. I saw other objects of the complex only from the window of a car passing by, and I had to learn a lot of new things about them.

Initially, the trip was planned for the first weekend following Victory Day, as the first serious out-of-town trip of the opening motorcycle season. The choice of such a date turned out to be a very correct decision, since after the holiday all the memorials were removed, put in order and strewn with flowers. The weather did not disappoint either, it was dry and relatively warm. On the first day, three of us went, on the second day we started together, and I finished alone.

It was an amazing weekend. The photos of the monuments I took on this trip can be seen in the album “Green Belt of Glory”, created on the community page “The Entire Leningrad Region on Moto” -