What is the population of Dagestan? Dagestan: nationalities. National composition of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. Distribution by city

According to the 1989 census, representatives of 102 nationalities were recorded on the territory of Dagestan. At the same time, among the so-called Indigenous peoples include peoples belonging to three language families:

The Dagestan-Nakh branch of the Iberian-Caucasian family of languages includes the Avars (together with 14 ethnic groups that have independent, but close to Avar, languages, namely, the Akhvakhs, Karatins, Andians, Botlikhs, Godoberins, Tindals, Chamalyals, Bagulals, Khvarshins, Didois, Bezhtins, Gunzibs, Ginukhs and Archins), Dargins (including Kubachi and Kaytags), Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Rutuls, Aguls, Tsakhurs and Chechens.
The Turkic group of the Altai language family includes the Kumyks, Azerbaijanis and Nogais.
The Indo-European language family includes Russians, Tats and Mountain Jews who speak the Tat language, which belongs to the Iranian languages.
There is no so-called in the republic. "titular nationality", but its political attributes are currently endowed with 14 nationalities of Dagestan:

Avars are the most numerous ethnic group in Dagestan. Currently there are 577.1 thousand people in the republic, which is 27.9 percent. population of the republic. The main area of settlement is the regions of western mountainous Dagestan. The rural population of Avars is 68 percent. and is settled mainly in 22 regions of the republic. In Akhvakhsky, Botlikhsky, Gergebilsky, Gumbetovsky, Gunibsky, Kazbekovsky, Tlyaratinsky, Untsukulsky, Khunzakhsky, Tsumadinsky, Tsuntinsky, Charodinsky and Shamilsky regions, Avars make up 98-100 percent of the population. In the Kizilyurt district, the share of Avars has grown to almost 80 percent, in the Khasavyurt, Kizlyar, Buynaksky and Kumturkalinsky districts they make up a third, and in the Tarumovsky, Babayurtovsky, Levashinsky and Novolaksky districts - up to a quarter of the total population. 32 percent live in cities and towns. Avar population. In Makhachkala they make up 21 percent. In Kizilyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk and Buinaksk - 43-52 percent, in Khasavyurt, Kizlyar and Kaspiysk - 12-22 percent. Avars make up a significant part of the population of urban settlements: Bavtugai, New Sulak, Shamilkala, Dubki, Shamkhal.
Dargins - the second largest Dagestani ethnic group - make up 16.1 percent. population of the republic (332.4 thousand people). The territory of traditional settlement of the Dargins is the mountain and foothill regions of central Dagestan. About 68 percent Dargins are settled in 16 rural areas. In Akushinsky, Dakhadaevsky, Kaitagsky, Levashinsky and Sergokalinsky districts, Dargins make up from 75 to 100 of the population. Their share is significant in the Kayakent and Karabudakhkent districts (43 and 36 percent, respectively). They also live in Tarumovsky (19 percent), Kizlyarsky (15 percent) and Buynaksky (14 percent) districts. In the Derbent, Nogai, Agul, Babayurt, Khasavyurt and Kumtorkala regions, the share of Dargins varies from 4 to 9 percent. population of these areas. Dargins - city dwellers live in Izberbash (57 percent of the population of this city), Makhachkala (12.4 percent), Kizlyar (7.3 percent), Buynaksk (6.6 percent), Khasavyurt (4.2 percent) and Dagestan Ogni (9 percent). ).The famous Dargin village of Kubachi belongs to the urban-type settlements. There are also many Dargins in the villages of Achisu, Manaskent and Mamedkala.
Kumyks number 267.5 thousand people and make up 12.9 percent. population of the republic. The territory of their traditional settlement is the Tersko-Sulak lowland and the foothills of Dagestan. More than half of the Kumyks (52 percent) live in 8 rural districts. In the Kumtorkala district there are 67.5 percent, in Karabudakhkent - 62 percent, Buinaksky - 55 percent, Kayakent - 51 percent, Babayurt - 44 percent, Khasavyurt - 28.5 percent. Kizilyurt - 13.6 percent, in Kaitag - 9 percent. population of the regions. In Makhachkala they make up 15 percent. population, in Buinaksk - a third, Khasavyurt - a quarter and Kizilyurt - a fifth of the population. In Izberbash - 17 percent. and Kaspiysk - 10 percent. There are less than one percent of Kumyks in Derbent. Some of the Kumyks are settled in urban-type settlements: in Tarki - 91 percent. population, Tyube - 36 percent. Leninkent - 31.3 percent. Kyahulae - 28.6 percent, Alburikent - 27.6 percent, Shamkhale - 26.8 percent, Manaskent - 24.9 percent.
Lezgins in Dagestan currently number 250.7 thousand people, which is 12.2 percent. population of the republic. The main territory of Lezgin settlement is mountainous, foothill and flat Southern Dagestan. The rural population (about 64 percent) is settled in 9 districts. In Akhtynsky, Dokuzparinsky, Kurakhsky, Magaramkentsky and Suleiman-Stalsky districts they range from 93 to 100 percent, in Khivsky - 37.3 and Rutulsky - 8 percent. population. Some Lezgins live in the Derbent (15 percent) and Khasavyurt (6 percent) districts. Lezgins - city dwellers are concentrated mainly in Derbent (26 percent), Dagestan Ogni (22 percent), Kaspiysk (16 percent), Makhachkala (9.5 percent) and Izberbash (8 percent). They constitute the main population of the village of Beliji and about 10 percent. Mamedkala village.
Russians are considered one of the peoples of Dagestan. Now there are 150.1 thousand of them in the republic (7.3 percent of the population). More than 80 percent Dagestani Russians are settled in all cities and towns, but only in Kizlyar they make up more than half of the population (54 percent). Their share is quite significant in Makhachkala and Kaspiysk (17-18 percent), in other cities their share varies from 3 to 10 percent. population. Russians make up the main population of the urban-type settlement of Komsomolsky (81 percent); there are relatively many of them in Dubki (16 percent) and Sulak (12 percent). The rural population of Russians (Terek Cossacks) is concentrated in the lower reaches of the Terek and its channels in the Kizlyar and Tarumovsky districts, where their numbers, both relative and absolute, have been noticeably decreasing in recent years (27.2 and 30.4 percent, respectively). A small number of rural Russians also live in Babayurt (1.5 percent), Khasavyurt (0.4 percent), Nogai (1.8 percent), and Derbent (0.7 percent) districts.
The Laks were settled historically in the central part of mountainous Dagestan on the territory of the Lak and Kulinsky regions. Currently there are 102.6 thousand people in the republic, or 5 percent. from the entire population. In the indicated mountainous areas they are 94 and 99 percent, respectively. population. The rural population of Laks also live in the flat Novolaksky district (48 percent of the region's population), Akushinsky (5 percent), Rutulsky (5 percent) and Kizlyarsky (3 percent) regions. However, the majority (64 percent) of Laks live in the cities of the republic. Of these, more than half are concentrated in Makhachkala, where they make up more than 12 percent. population, in Kaspiysk - 14 percent, in Buinaksk and Kizilyurt - about 8 percent. the population of these cities. In a number of urban-type settlements - Sulak, Achisu, Kyakhulai, Manaskent and others - Laks make up from 3 to 9 percent. population.
Tabasarans number 93.6 thousand people, which is 4.5 percent. population of Dagestan. The main territory of their settlement is southeastern Dagestan. The majority (64 percent) of Tabasarans live in rural areas in the Tabasaran district (80 percent), Khiva (62 percent) and Derbent (15 percent). A small number of them live in the Kayakent and Kizlyar districts. The townspeople are concentrated mainly in Derbent and Dagestanskie Ogni (up to a third of the population in each), and in Makhachkala and other cities the number of Tabasarans is insignificant.
Azerbaijanis number 88.3 thousand, which is 4.3 percent. population of the republic. About half of them live in rural areas in Derbent (55.7 percent), Tabasaran (18 percent), and also in Rutul (4 percent) and Kizlyar (3 percent) districts. Azerbaijani city dwellers live mainly in Derbent and Dagestan Ogni, where they make up about a third of the population, as well as in the villages of Mamedkala (22.4 percent) and Belidzhi (7.3 percent). In Makhachkala there are now a little more than 6 thousand or 1.6 percent of Azerbaijanis. population of the capital of Dagestan.
Chechens in Dagestan currently number 92.2 thousand people. Their numbers have increased significantly in the last two years. Back in 1994, their number in Dagestan was 62 thousand. Without a doubt, such a sharp increase is associated with military operations in the neighboring Chechen Republic. They now account for 4.5 percent. population of the republic. The rural population, amounting to about 48 percent, is concentrated in the Khasavyurt district (25.6 percent of the population of this region), Novolaksky (13 percent), Kazbekovsky (13 percent) and Babayurt (8 percent). Chechen city dwellers live mainly in three cities of Dagestan - Khasavyurt (35.6 percent of the city's population), Makhachkala (4.3 percent) and Kizlyar (6.5 percent).
There are 33.4 thousand Nogais in Dagestan, 16 percent. population. The main area of their settlement is the territory of the Nogai steppe in the north of the republic. The rural population of Nogais is about 87 percent. of all Nogais - settled in four districts: Nogai (82 percent of the district population), Babayurt (16), Tarumov (8) and Kizlyar (7.8 percent). In the village of Sulak they make up more than half of the residents. A small number of Nogais live in Makhachkala, Kizlyar and Khasavyurt.
Tats are a Dagestan ethnic group that speaks the Tat language (Iranian branch) and historically professes Judaism. It is currently somewhat difficult to indicate their number since many of them are registered as Jews and fall into the same nationality column as them. There are now 18.5 thousand Jews together with tatami in Dagestan. This is less than one percent of the republic's population. Their numbers are noticeably decreasing, especially in recent years due to the mass exodus to Israel. The vast majority of them live in cities - 98 percent, mainly in Derbent, Makhachkala, Buynaksk, Khasavyurt, Kaspiysk and Kizlyar.
The Rutuls are a small ethnic group in Dagestan, numbering 17.1 thousand people (0.8 percent of the republic’s population). The main area of settlement is the upper reaches of the Samur River in Southern Dagestan. The rural population (about 70 percent) of the Rutulians is settled in the Rutulsky (55 percent of the district population) and Dokuzparinsky (2.3 percent) districts, as well as in small groups of several hundred people in the Kizlyar, Magaramkent, and Derbent districts. Most Rutul citizens live in Makhachkala and Derbent.
Aguls are only 16 thousand people. The main area of their settlement is the basin of the Chiragchay and Kurakh rivers in the highlands of Southern Dagestan. There are about 67 percent of rural Agul residents and they live mainly in the Agul district (90 percent of the region's population). Agul townspeople live in the villages of Shamkhal and Tyube and in the cities of Makhachkala, Derbent and Dagestan Ogni.
The Tsakhurs are the smallest people of Dagestan, numbering 6.3 thousand people. (0.3 percent of the population of Dagestan) - live in the upper reaches of the Samur River. There are 82 percent of rural Tsakhurs, who live mainly in the Rutul region. Urban Tsakhurians live in Makhachkala, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk and Derbent.
The current ethnic composition of the republic's population is dynamic. According to the 1989 All-Union Population Census, representatives of 102 nationalities were recorded on the territory of Dagestan, which belong to three language families:

Nakh-Dagestan branch of the North Caucasian family (Avars (and 14 small peoples included in their composition: Akhvakhs, Karatins, Andians, Botlikhs, Godoberins, Tindals, Chamalals, Bagulals, Khvarshins, Didoi, Bezhtins, Gunzibs, Ginukhs, Archins), Dargins (including Kubachi and Kaitag people), Lezgins (Kyurins), Laks (Kazikumukhs), Tabasarans, Rutuls, Aguls, Tsakhurs, Chechens);
Turkic group of the Altai language family (Kumyks, Azerbaijanis (Turks), Nogais (Karanogais), Tatars);
Indo-European language family (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Jews, Mountain Jews, Tats, Armenians and other peoples).
The ethnic composition, the main trends in the ethno-demographic development of modern Dagestan are determined by its most numerous nationalities: Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Russians, Laks, Tabasarans, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Nogais, Jews, Rutulians, Aguls, Ukrainians, Armenians, Tatars, Tsakhurs, which account for 99.9% of the population.

The ethnodemographic characteristics of the most numerous nationalities of Dagestan are presented by the following data as of 01/01/1995:

Avars - 577.1 thousand people. The most numerous people of the republic, making up 27.9% of the total population. The main area of settlement is the vast region of western mountainous Dagestan, limited by closed ridges: Andisky, Gimrinsky, Salatau, etc.

About 69% of all Avars live in rural areas, 22 regions of the republic.

Dargins - 332.4 thousand people - are the second largest people of Dagestan, making up 16.1% of the total population of the Republic of Dagestan. The main area of settlement is the mountain and foothill zones of central Dagestan in the basins of the Khalagork, Akusha, Bugam and Ulluchay rivers (up to the foothills). Most of them (68%) are settled in 16 rural areas.

Kumyks - 267.5 thousand people, make up 12.9% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. They are mainly located on the territory of the Terek-Sulak lowland, stretching from the Terek in the north to the Ulluchay river in the south, and the foothills of Dagestan. About half (52%) of the Kumyks live in 8 rural districts.

Lezgins - 250.7 thousand people, make up 12.2% of the republic's population. The main territory of Lezgin settlement is the supra-mountain and foothill southern Dagestan. The main part of Lezgin villages is located along the basins of the Samur, Kurakh, and Gulgerychay rivers. The rural population (about 64%) is settled in 9 districts of the Republic of Dagestan.

Russians - 150.1 thousand people, make up 7.3% of the republic's population. They are mostly settled (more than 80%) in all cities. However, in the places of traditional settlement of the Russian population (Kizlyarsky, Tarumovsky districts) only in the city of Kizlyar they make up more than half of the population (54%).

Laks - 102.6 thousand people, make up 5% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. The area of settlement is the central part of mountainous Dagestan, in the basin of the Kazikumukhskoye Koisu river. The rural population of Laks is concentrated mainly in three regions and amounts to 36%.

Tabasarans - 93.6 thousand people, make up 4.5% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. The main area of settlement is southeastern Dagestan, in the basin of the Rubas and Chiragchay rivers, and in the upper reaches of the Karchagsu river.

Azerbaijanis - 88.3 thousand people, which is 4.3% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. About half of them live in rural areas.

Chechens - 62.1 thousand people, which is 3.2% of the Republic of Dagestan. The rural population is about 48%.

Nogais - 33.4 thousand people, this is 1.6% of the population. The main area of their settlement is the territory of the Nogai steppe in the north of Dagestan. Rural population - about 87% of all Nogais are settled in four districts of the Republic of Dagestan.

Jews - 18.5 thousand people (this includes European Jews, Mountain Jews and Tats), which is less than one percent of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. They overwhelmingly 98% live in cities.

Rutulians - 17.1 thousand people, make up 0.8% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. One of the small peoples of Dagestan. The main area of settlement is the upper reaches of the Samur River in southern Dagestan. The rural population makes up 70% of all Rutulians.

Aguls - 16.0 thousand people, about 0.8% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. Found in the Chiragchay and Kurakh basins in the highlands of southern Dagestan. Rural residents make up 67% of all Aguls.

Tsakhur - 6.3 thousand people, which is 0.3% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. The main territory of their settlement is the upper reaches of the Samur River. The overwhelming majority of Tsakhurs are rural residents (about 82%).

Ukrainians - 6.6 thousand people, which is 0.3% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. The vast majority (about 90%) live in the cities of the republic.

Tatars - 5.3 thousand people - are 0.3% of the population of the Republic of Dagestan, who for the most part (about 85%) are concentrated in urban areas.

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Tterritory and population of Dagestan

Territory : 50.3 thousand sq. km.

Population : 2125 thousand people

Capital: Makhachkala. The Republic of Dagestan is a multinational republic. The main nationalities: Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Kumyks, Laks, Russians, Nogais, Tabasarans, Aguls, Rutuls, Tsakhurs and so on.

Geographical position: located in the central part of the Caucasus, in the northern part there is a lowland, in the southern part there are foothills and mountains of the Greater Caucasus. In the east it is washed by the Caspian Sea. The main rivers are Terek, Sulak, Samur, Avar and Andian Koisu.

Brief historical sketch . At the end of the 1st millennium BC, the territory of Dagestan was part of Caucasian Albania, then the Sassanid state. Subjected to Arab raids. At the beginning of the 13th century, the territory of Dagestan was conquered by the Mongol-Tatars. According to the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, Dagestan was annexed to Russia. During the Caucasian War of 1817-64, there was an anti-colonial movement of highlanders who acted under the slogans of muridism. On January 20, 1921, the Dag ASSR was formed as part of the RSFSR. The current official name of the republic is the Republic of Dagestan.

Demography. The population of the republic, according to Rosstat, is 3,015,639 people. (2016). Population density -- 59.99 people/km 2 (2016). Urban population -- 44,71 % (2015).

According to the government of the republic, more than 700 thousand Dagestanis permanently live outside its borders.

The birth rate is 19.5 per thousand population (3rd place in the Russian Federation, after Ingushetia and Chechnya), the birth rate for 2010 is 18.8 per 1 thousand people. The average number of children per woman is 2.13.

According to preliminary official data from the 2010 population census, the population of Dagestan increased by 15.6% compared to 2002 and reached 2977.4 thousand people. The share of the urban population increased from 42.8 to 45.3%. The share of men and women remained stable (the share of men decreased by 0.1% and amounted to 48.1%).

Dagestan showed the highest population growth rates among Russian regions. Thanks to this, the Republic overtook many large regions in 2002-2010 (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Volgograd Region, Perm Territory, etc.). To date, Dagestan ranks 13th in Russia in terms of population.

WITH the rest of the population. According to the 1989 census, representatives of 102 nationalities were recorded on the territory of Dagestan. At the same time, among the so-called Indigenous peoples include peoples belonging to three language families:

1. The Dagestan-Nakh branch of the Iberian-Caucasian family of languages includes the Avars (together with 14 ethnic groups that have independent, but close to Avar, languages, namely, the Akhvakhians, Karatinians, Andians, Botlikhians, Godoberins, Tindals, Chamalyals, Bagulals, Khvarshins, Didoi, Bezhta, Gunzib, Ginukh and Archin), Dargins (including Kubachi and Kaytag), Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Rutuls, Aguls, Tsakhurs and Chechens.

2. The Turkic group of the Altai language family includes Kumyks, Azerbaijanis and Nogais.

3. The Indo-European language family includes Russians, Tats and Mountain Jews who speak the Tat language, which belongs to the Iranian languages.

There is no so-called in the republic."titular nationality", but its political attributes are currently endowed with 14 nationalities of Dagestan:

1. Avars- the most numerous ethnic group in Dagestan. Currently there are 577.1 thousand people in the republic, which is 27.9% of the republic’s population. The main area of settlement is the regions of western mountainous Dagestan. The rural population of Avars is 68% and is settled mainly in 22 regions of the republic. In Akhvakhsky, Botlikhsky, Gergebilsky, Gumbetovsky, Gunibsky, Kazbekovsky, Tlyaratinsky, Untsukulsky, Khunzakhsky, Tsumadinsky, Tsuntinsky, Charodinsky and Shamilsky regions, Avars make up 98-100 percent of the population. In the Kizilyurt district, the share of Avars has grown to almost 80%, in the Khasavyurt, Kizlyar, Buynaksky and Kumturkalinsky districts they make up a third, and in the Tarumovsky, Babayurtovsky, Levashinsky and Novolaksky districts - up to a quarter of the total population. 32% of the Avar population lives in cities and towns. In Makhachkala they make up 21%. In Kizilyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk and Buinaksk - 43-52%, in Khasavyurt, Kizlyar and Kaspiysk - 12-22% Avars make up a significant part of the population of urban settlements: Bavtugai, Novy Sulak, Shamilkala, Dubki, Shamkhal.

2. Dargins- the second largest Dagestani ethnic group - they make up 16.1% of the population of the republic (332.4 thousand people). The territory of traditional settlement of the Dargins is the mountain and foothill regions of central Dagestan. About 68% of the Dargins are settled in 16 rural areas. In Akushinsky, Dakhadaevsky, Kaitagsky, Levashinsky and Sergokalinsky districts, Dargins make up from 75 to 100 of the population. Their share is significant in the Kayakent and Karabudakhkent districts (43 and 36%, respectively). They also live in Tarumovsky (19%), Kizlyarsky (15%) and Buinaksky (14%) districts. In the Derbent, Nogai, Agul, Babayurt, Khasavyurt and Kumtorkala regions, the share of Dargins varies from 4 to 9% of the population of these areas. Dargins - city dwellers live in Izberbash (57% of the population of this city), in Makhachkala (12.4%), Kizlyar (7.3%), Buynaksk (6.6%), Khasavyurt (4.2%) and Dagestan Lights (9%). The famous Dargin village of Kubachi refers to urban-type settlements. There are also many Dargins in the villages of Achisu, Manaskent and Mamedkala.

3. Kumyks number 267.5 thousand people and make up 12.9% of the population of the republic. The territory of their traditional settlement is the Tersko-Sulak lowland and the foothills of Dagestan. More than half of the Kumyks (52%) live in 8 rural districts. In the Kumtorkalinsky district there are 67.5% of them, in the Karabudakhkentsky district - 62%, in the Buynaksky district - 55%, in the Kayakentsky district - 51%, in the Babayurtsky district - 44%, in the Khasavyurtsky district - 28.5%, in the Kizilyurtsky district - 13.6%, in the Kaitagsky district - 9% of the population of the districts. In Makhachkala they make up 15% of the population, in Buinaksk - a third, Khasavyurt - a quarter and Kizilyurt - a fifth of the population. In Izberbash - 17% and Kaspiysk - 10%. There are less than one percent of Kumyks in Derbent. Some of the Kumyks are settled in urban-type settlements: in Tarki - 91% of the population, Tyube - 36%, Leninkent - 31.3%, Kyakhulae - 28.6%, Alburikent - 27.6%, Shamkhal - 26.8%, Manaskent - 24.9%

4. Lezgin There are currently 250.7 thousand people in Dagestan, which is 12.2% of the republic’s population. The main territory of Lezgin settlement is mountainous, foothill and flat Southern Dagestan. The rural population (about 64%) is settled in 9 districts. In Akhtynsky, Dokuzparinsky, Kurakhsky, Magaramkent and Suleiman-Stalsky districts they range from 93 to 100%, in Khivsky - 37.3 and Rutulsky - 8% of the population. Some Lezgins live in the Derbent (15%) and Khasavyurt (6%) districts. Lezgins - city dwellers are concentrated mainly in Derbent (26%), Dagestan Lights (22%), Kaspiysk (16%), Makhachkala (9.5%) and Izberbash (8%). They make up the main population of the village of Belidzhi and about 10% of the village of Mammadkala.

5. Laktsy settled historically in the central part of mountainous Dagestan on the territory of the Laksky and Kulinsky regions. Currently there are 102.6 thousand people in the republic or 5% of the total population. In these mountainous regions they make up 94 and 99% of the population, respectively. The rural population of Laks also live in the flat Novolaksky district (48% of the region's population), Akushinsky (5%), Rutulsky (5%) and Kizlyarsky (3%) regions. However, the majority (64%) of Laks live in the cities of the republic. Of these, more than half are concentrated in Makhachkala, where they make up more than 12% of the population, in Kaspiysk - 14%, in Buinaksk and Kizilyurt - about 8% of the population of these cities. In a number of urban-type settlements - Sulak, Achisu, Kyakhulai, Manaskent and others - Laks make up from 3 to 9% of the population.

6. Tabasarans number 93.6 thousand people, which is 4.5% of the population of Dagestan. The main territory of their settlement is southeastern Dagestan. The majority (64%) of Tabasarans live in rural areas in the Tabasaran region (80%), Khiva (62%) and Derbent (15%). A small number of them live in the Kayakent and Kizlyar regions. The townspeople are concentrated mainly in Derbent and Dagestanskie Ogni (up to a third of the population in each), and in Makhachkala and other cities the number of Tabasarans is insignificant.

7. Azerbaijanis number 88.3 thousand, which is 4.3% of the population of the republic. About half of them live in rural areas in Derbent (55.7%), Tabasaran (18%), also in Rutul (4%) and Kizlyar (3%) districts. Azerbaijani city dwellers live mainly in Derbent and Dagestan Ogni, where they make up about a third of the population, as well as in the villages of Mamedkala (22.4) and Belidzhi (7.3%). In Makhachkala, there are now a little more than 6 thousand Azerbaijanis, or 1.6% of the population of the capital of Dagestan. Dagestan geographical ethnic population

8. Chechens There are currently 92.2 thousand people in Dagestan. Their numbers have increased significantly in the last two years. Back in 1994, their number in Dagestan was 62 thousand. Without a doubt, such a sharp increase is associated with military operations in the neighboring Chechen Republic. They now make up 4.5% of the republic's population. The rural population, amounting to about 48%, is concentrated in the Khasavyurt district (25.6% of the population of this district), Novolaksky (13%), Kazbekovsky (13%) and Babayurtovsky (8%). Chechen city dwellers live mainly in three cities of Dagestan - Khasavyurt (35.6% of the city's population), Makhachkala (4.3%) and Kizlyar (6.5%).

9. Nogaitsev There are 33.4 thousand people in Dagestan, 16% of the population. The main area of their settlement is the territory of the Nogai steppe in the north of the republic. The rural population of Nogais - about 87% of all Nogais - is settled in four districts: Nogai (82% of the district population), Babayurt (16), Tarumov (8) and Kizlyar (7.8%). In the village of Sulak they make up more than half of the residents. A small number of Nogais live in Makhachkala, Kizlyar and Khasavyurt.

10. Tats- a Dagestani ethnic group that speaks the Tat language (Iranian branch) and historically professes Judaism. It is currently somewhat difficult to indicate their number since many of them are registered as Jews and fall into the same nationality column as them. There are now 18.5 thousand Jews together with tatami in Dagestan. This is less than one percent of the republic's population. Their numbers are noticeably decreasing, especially in recent years due to the mass exodus to Israel. The vast majority of them live in cities - 98%, mainly in Derbent, Makhachkala, Buynaksk, Khasavyurt, Kaspiysk and Kizlyar.

11. Rutulians- a small ethnic group of Dagestan, numbering 17.1 thousand people (0.8% of the republic’s population). The main area of settlement is the upper reaches of the Samur River in Southern Dagestan. The rural population (about 70%) of the Rutulians is settled in the Rutulsky (55% of the district's population) and Dokuzparinsky (2.3%) districts, as well as in small groups of several hundred people in the Kizlyar, Magaramkent, and Derbent districts. Most Rutul citizens live in Makhachkala and Derbent.

12. Agulov only 16 thousand people. The main area of their settlement is the basin of the Chiragchay and Kurakh rivers in the highlands of Southern Dagestan. There are about 67 percent of rural Aguls and they live mainly in the Agul district (90% of the district's population). Agul townspeople live in the villages of Shamkhal and Tyube and in the cities of Makhachkala, Derbent and Dagestan Ogni.

13. Tsakhur- the smallest people of Dagestan, numbering 6.3 thousand people. (0.3% of the population of Dagestan) - live in the upper reaches of the Samur River. There are 82% of rural Tsakhurs, who live mainly in the Rutul region. Urban Tsakhurians live in Makhachkala, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk and Derbent.

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Territory, geography, demographic structure.

In terms of size and population, the Republic of Dagestan is the largest of the Caucasus republics within the Russian Federation. The length of the territory from north to south is about 400 km, from west to east - on average 200 km. Dagestan borders on Kalmykia in the north, on the Stavropol Territory in the northwest, and on the Chechen Republic in the west. Along the Watershed Range of the Greater Caucasus, Dagestan borders on Georgia. In the south, Dagestan borders on the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the east is the territory of Dagestan for almost 530 km. washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea.

The territory of Dagestan is divided into 3 parts. The lowland part of Dagestan (51% of the territory) consists of the Tersko-Kuma, Tersko-Sulak and Primorskaya lowlands. Piedgorny (12% of the territory) consists of separate ridges of northwestern and southeastern strike, separated by wide valleys and basins. Mountainous Dagestan (37% of the territory) is characterized by a combination of wide plateaus and narrow monoclinal ridges up to 2500 m in height. High-mountainous Dagestan includes 2 main mountain chains - the northern slope of the Main or Vodorazdelny ridge. Greater Caucasus and its Lateral Range. The highest point of Dagestan is the city of Bazarduzi, 4466 m on the border with the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The population of Dagestan numbered according to official censuses: in 1897 - 571 thousand, in 1926 - 744.1, 1939 - 1023.3, in 1959 - 1062.5, in 1970 - 1428.5, in 1979 - 1627.8, in 1989 - 1802.2 thousand people . During the Patriotic War, the population of Denmark decreased, the pre-war population was exceeded in 1959. The average annual population growth rate was 1926 - 39. 2.7%, in 1959 - 69 - 2.8%, in 1970 - 78 - 1.5%, 1979 - 89 - 1.1%. In the 30s and 50-70s. There was a large influx of migrants to Denmark, mainly from the northern regions of Russia.

In some mountainous and foothill regions of Dagestan, the population density reaches 55-60 people. per 1 km 52 6. This is the highest population density in Russia for mountainous regions.

Ethnic composition of the population.

2. The Turkic group of the Altai language family includes Kumyks, Azerbaijanis and Nogais.

3. The Indo-European language family includes Russians, Tats and Mountain Jews who speak the Tat language, which belongs to the Iranian languages.

There is no so-called “titular nationality” in the republic, but 14 nationalities of Dagestan are currently endowed with its political attributes:

1. Avars- the most numerous ethnic group in Dagestan. Currently there are 577.1 thousand people in the republic, which is 27.9% of the republic’s population. The main area of settlement is the regions of western mountainous Dagestan. The rural population of Avars is 68% and is settled mainly in 22 regions of the republic. In Akhvakhsky, Botlikhsky, Gergebilsky, Gumbetovsky, Gunibsky, Kazbekovsky, Tlyaratinsky, Untsukulsky, Khunzakhsky, Tsumadinsky, Tsuntinsky, Charodinsky and Shamilsky regions, Avars make up 98 - 100 percent of the population. In the Kizilyurt district, the share of Avars has grown to almost 80%, in the Khasavyurt, Kizlyar, Buynaksky and Kumturkalinsky districts they make up a third, and in the Tarumovsky, Babayurtovsky, Levashinsky and Novolaksky districts - up to a quarter of the total population. 32% of the Avar population lives in cities and towns. In Makhachkala they make up 21%. In Kizilyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk and Buinaksk - 43 - 52%, in Khasavyurt, Kizlyar and Kaspiysk - 12 - 22%. Avars make up a significant part of the population of urban settlements: Bavtugai, New Sulak, Shamilkala, Dubki, Shamkhal.

2. Dargins- the second largest Dagestani ethnic group - they make up 16.1% of the population of the republic (332.4 thousand people). The territory of traditional settlement of the Dargins is the mountain and foothill regions of central Dagestan. About 68% of the Dargins are settled in 16 rural areas. In Akushinsky, Dakhadaevsky, Kaitagsky, Levashinsky and Sergokalinsky districts, Dargins make up from 75 to 100 of the population. Their share is significant in the Kayakent and Karabudakhkent districts (43 and 36%, respectively). They also live in Tarumovsky (19%), Kizlyarsky (15%) and Buinaksky (14%) districts. In the Derbent, Nogai, Agul, Babayurt, Khasavyurt and Kumtorkala regions, the share of Dargins varies from 4 to 9% of the population of these areas. Dargin citizens live in Izberbash (57% of the population of this city), Makhachkala (12.4%), Kizlyar (7.3%), Buynaksk (6.6%), Khasavyurt (4.2%) and Dagestan Lights (9%). The famous Dargin village of Kubachi refers to urban-type settlements. There are also many Dargins in the villages of Achisu, Manaskent and Mamedkala.

3. Kumyks number 267.5 thousand people and make up 12.9% of the population of the republic. The territory of their traditional settlement is the Tersko-Sulak lowland and the foothills of Dagestan. More than half of the Kumyks (52%) live in 8 rural districts. In the Kumtorkalinsky district there are 67.5%, in the Karabudakhkentsky district - 62%, in the Buynaksky district - 55%, in the Kayakentsky district - 51%, in the Babayurtsky district - 44%, in the Khasavyurtsky district - 28.5%, in the Kizilyurtsky district - 13.6%, in the Kaitagsky district - 9% of the population of the districts. In Makhachkala they make up 15% of the population, in Buinaksk - a third, Khasavyurt - a quarter and Kizilyurt - a fifth of the population. In Izberbash - 17% and Kaspiysk - 10%. There are less than one percent of Kumyks in Derbent. Some of the Kumyks are settled in urban-type settlements: in Tarki - 91% of the population, Tyube - 36%, Leninkent - 31.3%, Kyakhulay - 28.6%, Alburikent - 27.6%, Shamkhal - 26.8%, Manaskent - 24.9%.

4. Lezgin There are currently 250.7 thousand people in Dagestan, which is 12.2% of the republic’s population. The main territory of Lezgin settlement is mountainous, foothill and flat Southern Dagestan. The rural population (about 64%) is settled in 9 districts. In Akhtynsky, Dokuzparinsky, Kurakhsky, Magaramkentsky and Suleiman-Stalsky districts they range from 93 to 100%, in Khivsky - 37.3 and Rutulsky - 8% of the population. Some Lezgins live in the Derbent (15%) and Khasavyurt (6%) districts. Lezgins - city dwellers are concentrated mainly in Derbent (26%), Dagestan Ogni (22%), Kaspiysk (16%), Makhachkala (9.5%) and Izberbash (8%). They make up the main population of the village of Belidzhi and about 10% of the village of Mammadkala.

5. Russians are considered one of the peoples of Dagestan. Now there are 150.1 thousand people in the republic (7.3% of the population). More than 80% of Dagestani Russians are settled in all cities and towns, but only in Kizlyar they make up more than half of the population (54%). Their share is quite significant in Makhachkala and Kaspiysk (17 - 18%), in other cities their share varies from 3 to 10% of the population. Russians make up the main population of the urban-type settlement of Komsomolsky (81%), there are relatively many of them in Dubki (16%) and Sulak (12%). The rural population of Russians (Terek Cossacks) is concentrated in the lower reaches of the Terek and its channels in the Kizlyar and Tarumovsky districts, where their numbers, both relative and absolute, have been noticeably decreasing in recent years (27.2 and 30.4%, respectively). A small number of rural Russians also live in Babayurt (1.5%), Khasavyurt (0.4%), Nogai (1.8%) and Derbent (0.7%) districts.

6. Laktsy settled historically in the central part of mountainous Dagestan on the territory of the Laksky and Kulinsky regions. Currently there are 102.6 thousand people in the republic or 5% of the total population. In these mountainous regions they make up 94 and 99% of the population, respectively. The rural population of Laks also live in the flat Novolaksky district (48% of the region's population), Akushinsky (5%), Rutulsky (5%) and Kizlyarsky (3%) regions. However, the majority (64%) of Laks live in the cities of the republic. Of these, more than half are concentrated in Makhachkala, where they make up more than 12% of the population, in Kaspiysk - 14%, in Buinaksk and Kizilyurt - about 8% of the population of these cities. In a number of urban-type settlements - Sulak, Achisu, Kyakhulai, Manaskent and others - Laks make up from 3 to 9% of the population.

7. Tabasarans number 93.6 thousand people, which is 4.5% of the population of Dagestan. The main territory of their settlement is southeastern Dagestan. The majority (64%) of Tabasarans live in rural areas in the Tabasaran district (80%), Khiva (62%) and Derbent (15%). A small number of them live in the Kayakent and Kizlyar regions. The townspeople are concentrated mainly in Derbent and Dagestanskie Ogni (up to a third of the population in each), and in Makhachkala and other cities the number of Tabasarans is insignificant.

8. Azerbaijanis number 88.3 thousand, which is 4.3% of the population of the republic. About half of them live in rural areas in Derbent (55.7%), Tabasaran (18%), also in Rutul (4%) and Kizlyar (3%) districts. Azerbaijani city dwellers live mainly in Derbent and Dagestan Ogni, where they make up about a third of the population, as well as in the villages of Mamedkala (22.4) and Belidzhi (7.3%). In Makhachkala, there are now a little more than 6 thousand Azerbaijanis, or 1.6% of the population of the capital of Dagestan.

9. Chechens There are currently 92.2 thousand people in Dagestan. Their numbers have increased significantly in the last two years. Back in 1994, their number in Dagestan was 62 thousand. Without a doubt, such a sharp increase is associated with military operations in the neighboring Chechen Republic. They now make up 4.5% of the republic's population. The rural population, amounting to about 48%, is concentrated in the Khasavyurt district (25.6% of the population of this district), Novolaksky (13%), Kazbekovsky (13%) and Babayurtovsky (8%). Chechen city dwellers live mainly in three cities of Dagestan - Khasavyurt (35.6% of the city's population), Makhachkala (4.3%) and Kizlyar (6.5%).

10. Nogaitsev There are 33.4 thousand people in Dagestan, 16% of the population. The main area of their settlement is the territory of the Nogai steppe in the north of the republic. The rural population of Nogais - about 87% of all Nogais - is settled in four districts: Nogai (82% of the district population), Babayurt (16), Tarumov (8) and Kizlyar (7.8%). In the village of Sulak they make up more than half of the residents. A small number of Nogais live in Makhachkala, Kizlyar and Khasavyurt.

11. Tats- a Dagestani ethnic group that speaks the Tat language (Iranian branch) and historically professes Judaism. It is currently somewhat difficult to indicate their number, since many of them are registered as Jews and fall into the same nationality column as them. There are now 18.5 thousand Jews together with tatami in Dagestan. This is less than one percent of the republic's population. Their numbers are noticeably decreasing, especially in recent years due to the mass exodus to Israel. The vast majority of them live in cities - 98%, mainly in Derbent, Makhachkala, Buynaksk, Khasavyurt, Kaspiysk and Kizlyar.

12. Rutulians- a small ethnic group of Dagestan, numbering 17.1 thousand people (0.8% of the republic’s population). The main area of settlement is the upper reaches of the Samur River in Southern Dagestan. The rural population (about 70%) of the Rutulians is settled in the Rutulsky (55% of the district population) and Dokuzparinsky (2.3%) districts, as well as in small groups of several hundred people in the Kizlyar, Magaramkent, and Derbent districts. Most Rutul citizens live in Makhachkala and Derbent.

13. Agulov only 16 thousand people. The main area of their settlement is the basin of the Chiragchay and Kurakh rivers in the highlands of Southern Dagestan. There are about 67 percent of rural Aguls and they live mainly in the Agul district (90% of the district's population). Agul townspeople live in the villages of Shamkhal and Tyube and in the cities of Makhachkala, Derbent and Dagestan Ogni.

14. Tsakhur- the smallest people of Dagestan, numbering 6.3 thousand people. (0.3% of the population of Dagestan) - live in the upper reaches of the Samur River. There are 82% of rural Tsakhurs, who live mainly in the Rutul region. Urban Tsakhurians live in Makhachkala, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk and Derbent.

Historical reference.

The territory of Dagestan was developed by man in the Paleolithic era. The oldest Stone Age monuments discovered here date back to the Acheulean era.

Among the ancient ancestors of the peoples of Dagestan are the tribes of Legs, Gels, Udins and others, who lived on the territory of modern Dagestan in the 1st millennium BC. At the end of the 1st millennium BC. the territory of Dagestan with the indicated and other tribes was part of Caucasian Albania. At the turn of two eras, Albania was involved in heavy, exhausting wars between the Romans and the Parthians, vying with each other for hegemony in Asia Minor and the Caucasus. In the 3rd century AD. southern Dagestan was captured by Sasanian Iran, and northern lowland Dagestan in the 4th century. The Huns invaded.

Starting from the 5th century, a number of state entities were formed on the territory of Dagestan. These are Derbent, Lakz, Tabasaran, Serir, Zirikhgeran (Kubachi), Kaytag, Gumik, etc. In the 6th century, on the plain north of the Sulak River and to the south on a narrow coastal strip, the “kingdom of the Huns” arose with the cities of Varachan, Chungars and Semender, population which consisted of the local population mixed with the Huns. In the middle of the 7th century. In the steppes of the North-Eastern Caucasus, the Khazar state (Khazar Kaganate) was formed, which included the northern lowland Dagestan, and from 664 the Arab invasions, which continued for centuries, began from the south. Dagestan for a long time turned into an arena of political rivalry between the Khazars and the Arabs and, at the same time, experienced significant influence from their cultures. Only by the beginning of the 9th century. The campaigns of the Arabs and the performances of the Khazars cease.

From the beginning of the 10th century. the political collapse of the Arab Caliphate leads to the formation of independent states. Derbent retains rule of Arab origin, subordinate to Shirvan, and the remaining regions of Dagestan become completely independent. In the middle of the 11th century. Dagestan is experiencing an invasion from the south by the Seljuk Turks. In the first half of the 2nd millennium, a number of feudal states emerged on the territory of Dagestan. From the middle of the 12th century. and until the beginning of the 13th century. (Tatar-Mongol invasion) Derbent existed as an independent possession - an independent Derbent Emirate. In mountainous Dagestan, the Avar Khanate, Kazikumukh Shamkhalate, Kaitag Utsmiystvo and a number of small independent political formations were formed: Akhty, Tsakhur, Rutul, Kurakh, Khiv, Tpig, Khnov, etc. Before the Tatar-Mongol invasion, Tabasaran also maintained its independence.

In the 20s of the 13th century. The Tatar-Mongols invade Dagestan, and in the 14th century. troops of Uzbek, Tokhtamysh and Timur. During this period, the process of Islamization of Dagestan intensified. From the middle of the 15th century. The peoples of Dagestan faced a new political force - Safavid Iran, whose military support was the Turkic-speaking tribes, who later received the common name “Kyzylbash”.

From the 16th century with the formation of the Russian centralized state, especially after the annexation of the Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556) khanates, its political influence on Dagestan began to strengthen. From this time on, for a long period, Dagestan found itself involved in a confrontation between three powerful political forces; Iran, Turkey and Russia. In 1722, Peter I invaded coastal Dagestan and annexed it to Russia. However, according to the Ganja Treaty of 1735, Russia, interested in an alliance with Iran against Turkey, cedes these territories to it.

The Gulistan Peace Treaty between Russia and Iran, signed on October 24 (November 5), 1813 in the village of Gulistan in Karabakh after the end of the Russian-Iranian war, legally formalized Iran’s recognition of the transition to Russia of Dagestan, Georgia, Megrelia, Imereti, Guria, and Abkhazia and khanates: Baku, Karabakh, Ganja, Shirvan, Sheki, Derbent, Kuba and Talysh. Russian fortified cities began to appear on the territory of Dagestan.

The colonial policy of Tsarist Russia gave rise to a political movement for independence and unification in Dagestan. At the turn of the 30s of the XIX century. Under the banner of Islamic muridism, an anti-colonial liberation movement of the highlanders arose under the leadership of the imams of Dagestan Gazi-Magomed, Gamzat-bek and Shamil. In the early 40s, during the war with Russian colonial troops, the imamate included a significant part of Dagestan and Chechnya. In 1859, Shamil, under pressure from Russian troops, was forced to capitulate and surrender into honorable captivity. In 1860, the Dagestan region of the Russian Empire was formed with the so-called. military-people's government - a bureaucratic system of government headed by the governor-general with elements of traditional local self-government of the population. In 1877, with the beginning of the next Russian-Turkish war, a major uprising broke out in Chechnya and Dagestan. This time it was suppressed with all colonial cruelty. According to the verdict of a specially established military court, in Gunib and Derbent the leaders of the rebels were executed by hanging: Imam Haji-Magomed, Nika-Kadi, Abas Pasha, Captain Abdul-Mejid, Zubair-bek, Abdul Gadzhiev, Kazi-Ahmed, etc. ., only 300 people. A huge number of active participants in the uprising along with their families were arrested, about 5 thousand of them were sent to hard labor and permanent residence in the internal provinces of Russia.

From the middle of the 19th century. and especially after the construction of the Vladikavkaz railway in the 90s, which connected Dagestan with the center of Russia, with Baku and Grozny, Dagestan joined the mainstream of capitalist development. By the beginning of the 20th century. In Dagestan, there were about 70 enterprises, the local bourgeoisie and working class were being formed.

After the revolutions of 1917 and the Russian Civil War, Dagestan gained political status. On November 13, 1920, at the Extraordinary Congress of the Peoples of Dagestan, a declaration on the autonomy of Dagestan was proclaimed, and on January 20, 1921, the Decree on the formation of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted.

In 1991, as a result of the collapse of the USSR and the formation of independent states on its territory from among the former Union republics, Dagestan became a republic within the new state - the Russian Federation. On July 26, 1994, a new Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan was adopted, which defines that Dagestan “is a sovereign, united, democratic state within the Russian Federation, expressing the will and interests of the entire multinational people of Dagestan” (Article 1).

In another way, the country is called a unique constellation of peoples. Speaking about the nationalities of Dagestan, it is difficult to count their number. However, it is known that all nationalities are divided into three main language families. The first is the Dagestan-Nakh branch, which belongs to the Iberian-Caucasian language family. The second is the Turkic group. The third is the Indo-European language family. There is no concept of “titular nationality” in the republic, but its political attributes still apply to representatives of 14 nationalities. Dagestan is one of the most multinational regions of Russia, and today more than 3 million citizens live on its territory. A little more about language families As we have already said, the nationalities of the Republic of Dagestan are divided into three language groups. The first - Dagestan-Nakh branch - includes Avars, Chechens, Tsakhurs, Akhvakhtsi, Karatins, Lezgins, Laks, Rutuls, Aguls, Tabasarans. This community also includes Andians, Botlikhs, Godoberins, representatives of the Tindals, Chamalyals, Bagulals, Khvarshins, Didois, Bezhta, Gunzibs, Ginukhs, Archins. This group is also represented by the Dargins, Kubachi and Kaitag people. The second family - Turkic - is represented by the following nationalities: Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, Nogais. The third group - Indo-European - is made up of Russians, Tats, and Mountain Jews. This is what nationalities in Dagestan look like today. The list may be replenished with lesser-known nationalities. Avars Despite the fact that there is no titular nationality in the republic, among Dagestanis there is still some division into more and less widely represented nationalities of Dagestan (by number). Avars are the most numerous people of the Dagestan region (912 thousand people, or 29% of the total population). Their main area of residence is considered to be the regions of western mountainous Dagestan. The rural population of Avars makes up the majority of the total number, and they are settled in an average of 22 regions. They also include the Ando-Tsez peoples, who are related to them, and the Archins. Since ancient times, the Avars were called Avars; they were also often called Tavlinians or Lezgins. This nation received the name “Avars” from the name of the medieval king Avar, who ruled the kingdom of Sair. Dargins What nationalities live in Dagestan? The second largest ethnic group is considered to be the Dargins (16.9% of the population, which means 490.3 thousand people). Representatives of this people live mainly in the mountainous and foothill regions of central Dagestan. Before the revolution, the Dargins were called a little differently - Akushins and Lezgins. In total, this nationality occupies 16 regions of the republic. The Dargins belong to the Sunni Muslim religious group. Recently, the number of Dargins near the capital of Dagestan - Makhachkala - has begun to increase significantly. The same thing happens with the Caspian coast. Dargins are considered the most commercial and skilled among the entire population of the republic. Their ethnic group was formed for many years at the junction of passing trade roads, which left its mark on the way of life of the nationality. Kumyks Let's find out further what nationalities live in Dagestan. Who are the Kumyks? This is the largest Turkic people in the North Caucasus, which is ranked third in number among the nationalities of Dagestan (431.7 thousand people - 14.8%). Kumyks inhabit the foothill and plain regions of the republic, occupying a total of 7 regions. They are classified as peoples of agricultural culture who firmly settled in the place chosen for this. This nation has well-developed agriculture and fishing. More than 70% of the entire country's economy is also concentrated here. The national culture of the Kumyks is very rich and original in its own way - it includes literature, folklore, and art. Among them there are a lot of famous wrestlers. However, the trouble of the people is that the Kumyks represent those nationalities of Dagestan, among which there are a lot of uneducated residents. Lezgins So, we learned the nationalities of Dagestan by number. We touched a little on the three leading nationalities. But it would be unfair not to touch on some of the country's nationalities. For example, Lezgins (385.2 thousand people, or 13.2% of the population). They inhabit the lowland, mountainous and foothill regions of Dagestan. Their historical territory is considered to be the adjacent regions of today's republic and neighboring Azerbaijan. Lezgins can rightfully be proud of their rich history, stretching back to ancient times. Their territory was one of the very first lands of the Caucasus. Today the Lezgins are divided into two parts. Also, this nation is considered the most warlike, and therefore the most “hot.” So how many nationalities are there in Dagestan? The list can be continued for a very long time. Russians and Laks A few words should be said about the Russian-speaking representatives of the country. They also represent the nationalities of Dagestan, inhabiting mainly the Caspian Sea and the surrounding area of Makhachkala. Most Russians (104 thousand, 3.6%) can be found in Kizlyar, where more than half of the total population live. One cannot help but recall the Laks (161.2 thousand, 5.5% of the population), who have inhabited the central parts of mountainous Dagestan since historical times. It was thanks to the Laks that the very first devout Muslim state arose on the territory of the country. They are recognized as jacks of all trades - the first Caucasian artisans came from this ethnic group. To this day, lacquer products participate in various international competitions, taking the most honorable places. Small peoples of Dagestan It would be unfair to talk only about the numerous representatives of this country. The smallest people of the republic are the Tsakhurs (9.7 thousand, 0.3%). These are mainly residents of villages located in the Rutul district. There are practically no Tsakhur residents in the cities. The next small nation is the Aguls (2.8 thousand, 0.9%). They live mainly in the Agul region, most of them also live in settlements. Aguls can be found in Makhachkala, Dagestan Lights and Derbent. Another small people of Dagestan are the Rutuls (27.8 thousand, 0.9%). They inhabit the southern territories. Their number is not much larger than the Aguls - the difference is in the range of 1-1.5 thousand inhabitants. Rutulians try to stick to their relatives, so they always form into small groups. Chechens (92.6 thousand, 3.2%) are the most hot-tempered and aggressive people. The number of this nation was much larger. However, military actions in Chechnya significantly influenced the demographic situation. Today, Chechens can also be classified as a small nationality of the Republic of Dagestan. Result So, what nationalities of Dagestan are the most important? There can be only one answer - everything. As they say about the republic, Dagestan is a kind of synthesis of many ethnic groups. It is noteworthy that almost every nationality has its own language, which is strikingly different from its neighbors. How many nationalities live in Dagestan - so many customs, traditions and peculiarities of life exist in this sunny country. The list of languages of the Dagestan people lists 36 varieties. This, of course, introduces complexity into communication between representatives of these peoples. But in the end, you need to know one thing - the Dagestan people, represented by so many nationalities, have their own historical past, which gave birth to today’s diverse, interesting and so dissimilar national ethnic group of the republic. Be sure to visit this place – you won’t regret it! You will be happily welcomed in any corner of the country. - Read more on FB.ru.

The Republic of Dagestan is considered the southernmost part of the Russian Federation. Its capital has been the city of Makhachkala for almost 100 years. This republic borders with Georgia, Azerbaijan, Stavropol Territory, Kalmykia and Chechnya.

Population of Dagestan

It can be assessed not only by its area, but also by the number of people living in it. The population census of Dagestan showed that in 2015, 2.99 million people lived in the republic. At the same time, the density is 59.49 residents for every km 2. It is worth noting that back in 1989, according to the census, less than 2 million people lived there, and in 1996 - 2.126 million people.

But you can estimate the true number of citizens of the republic if you know that more than 700 thousand live outside the region. The government of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation speaks about this number. Among all mountainous regions, the population density in Dagestan is one of the largest. On average, every woman has 2.13 children.

The population speaks Russian and Dagestan. But at the same time, only 14 of all the ethnic languages of the republic have a written language. The rest are oral. But only 4 language groups are the most common.

Population growth

The republic is also distinguished by its high birth rate. It ranks honorably third in this indicator in Russia. Only Ingushetia and Chechnya are ahead of it. Every year there are 19.5 newborns for every thousand inhabitants. Just 5 years ago this figure was 18.8 in the Republic of Dagestan.

The population is growing every year. The growth rate of the number of people is the highest in Russia. At the same time, only 45% of people live in cities, the rest live in rural areas. There are slightly fewer men in this subject of the Russian Federation, their share is 48.1%. If we take into account only the population of Dagestan, then this republic ranks 13th among all subjects of the Federation.

Distribution by city

The most populous is the capital of the republic - the city of Makhachkala. 583 thousand people live here directly. And if we take into account all the settlements subordinate to the capital, then there will be about 700 thousand people.

Quite a lot of people live in other cities of the Republic of Dagestan. The population of the city of Khasavyurt is almost 137 thousand, Derbent - 121 thousand, Kaspiysk - 107 thousand, Buinaksk - 63 thousand.

If you look at the districts of the republic, Khasavyurt will be the most densely populated: during the census, 149 thousand people were counted there. 102 thousand Dagestanis live in the Derbent region, 78 and 79 thousand people live in the Buinaksky region, respectively.

National composition

It is worth noting separately that the population of the Republic of Dagestan is a unique community from an ethnic point of view. More than 100 different nationalities and nationalities live on 50 thousand km 2. Do not forget that part of the territory is uninhabitable mountain ranges.

The most numerous group is the indigenous people - the Avars. According to information from 2010, their number was 850 thousand people, which at that time equaled 29.4% of all residents. The next most numerous are These are also republics, so it is important to know how many there are left. The population of Dagestan is growing, and the number of ethnic groups is correspondingly increasing. In 2010, 490 thousand Dargins lived in the republic (17% of the total), and in 2002 there were noticeably fewer of them - 425.5 thousand.

The third largest number are the Kumyks. Almost 15% of them live in Dagestan, or 432 thousand people. There are not much fewer Lezgins there, they make up 13% of the total number of residents. The number of this people in the republic is almost 388 thousand.

Also, as a result of the census, it was found that there are noticeably fewer other ethnic groups. For example, just over 5% of Laks live in Dagestan, 4% of Azerbaijanis and Tabasarans each, 3.6% of Russians, and 3.2% of Chechens.

Religious features

The population is quite diverse. But at the same time, almost 90% of the residents have the same religion. The majority in this republic professes Islam. This religion began to spread in this territory back in the 7th century. Initially it appeared in Derbent and on the flat part. Islam became the dominant religion only in the 13th-14th centuries.

Its long-term spread is explained by the internecine wars that lasted for two centuries during that period. But only after the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars and the subsequent attack by Tamerlane, Islam became the religion of all mountain inhabitants of the republic. Moreover, in Dagestan there are two directions: Sunnism and Shiism. The first of them is professed by the absolute majority - 99% of the residents of the Republic of Dagestan.

The remaining 10% of people who are not Muslims practice Christianity and Judaism. At the same time, Orthodox Christians make up 3.8% of the total population. In the mid-90s. in Dagestan there were more than 1.6 thousand mosques, 7 churches and 4 synagogues. Such a number of religious sites gives a clear idea of which religion predominates.

Historical features

The resulting ethnic diversity is a consequence of the historical development of the region. Dagestan has always been divided into established historical and geographical regions. The following regions are separately distinguished in this republic: Avaria, Akusha-Dargo, Agul, Andria, Dido, Aukh, Kaitag, Lakia, Kumykia, Salatavia, Lekia, Tabarstan and others.

The territory of modern Dagestan was inhabited a million years ago. As a result of wars at the beginning of the last millennium, these places fell under the control of the Khazars, and after that they were occupied by the Tatar-Mongols.

The second Russian-Persian War also left its mark on development. In the 16th century, the Russians founded the city of Port Petrovsk (now Makhachkala) and formally annexed the entire coast of the Caspian Sea to the territory of the Russian Empire.

By the 17th century, Dagestan became a Caucasian province. But in the middle of the century, an uprising took place in this territory, which developed into the Caucasian War. As a result, the Dagestan region was formed as part of the Empire under military-people's control.

During Soviet times, the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created. In 1993 it became the Republic of Dagestan.

Culture and sports in the republic

Thanks to its diverse ethnic composition, the republic is unique. This leaves an imprint on the cultural development of the region. For example, there are several national theaters here, including the Darginsky and Kumyksky. The Old Town, the Citadel and a number of buildings of the city of Derbent are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. There are about 8 thousand monuments in the republic.

One of the largest book depositories in the North Caucasus, which contains more than 700 thousand documents, is located in the Republic of Dagestan.

The population is also active in sports. The region is one of the leaders in Russia in terms of sporting achievements. For 50 years now, Dagestan has been famous for its wrestlers. Moreover, 10 people from this region became Olympic champions, 41 people were awarded the title of world champion and 89 were awarded the title of European champion.

National traditions

Separately, all researchers note the unique folklore of Dagestan. The basis of the spiritual heritage of the republic is the multilingualism and multinationality of the region. Oral poetry has been developed since ancient times. It has its own mythological genre.

Fine art began to develop only in the 20th century. There were both artists and sculptors in the republic. But decorative and applied art has its roots in the Bronze Age. Nowadays in Dagestan they make jewelry that is decorated with enamel, niello, and engraving. Certain regions are known for their copper coinage, wooden products with silver incisions or bone inlays, painted ceramics, and carpets.