In the years since the collapse of the USSR, Russians have become accustomed to spending their holidays at foreign resorts. However, due to certain circumstances, the legislation of the Russian Federation may impose a ban on travel outside the Russian Federation. This material discusses various aspects associated with these limitations and ways to resolve this situation.

Currently, travel restrictions apply to the following groups of people:

1. Having problems with the law (in the status of an accused or defendant).
2. Those in military service in the Russian Federation.
3. Security forces.
4. Keepers of state secrets.
5. Debtors for obligatory payments (utilities, alimony, traffic police fines, and others).

In the spring of 2014, a document was signed that limited travel from Russia to countries on a special list:

1. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
2. Migration service workers.
3. Workers of anti-drug trafficking services.
4. Employees of correctional departments.
5. Employees of the Ministry of Defense, and some other persons working in law enforcement agencies.

The restrictions also affected prosecutors and judges serving in the FSB. This was done due to the worsening international situation.

In general, those involved in state secrets are not allowed to leave the country until further notice. This applies to both ordinary officials and representatives of management. The duration of the ban is regulated by the Interdepartmental Commission and depends on the degree of secrecy of the documents with which the law enforcement officer deals. By decision of the commission, it can be extended for a period of up to 10 years.

State secret is a collection of information relating to the intelligence, military, operational-search, economic, geopolitical and other areas that protect state sovereignty.

Types of information	Opportunity to travel abroad
“Secret” information is at the disposal of law enforcement officials and is used for official purposes.	Crossing the Russian border is possible with prior notice.
1. Employees of operational investigative departments and operational employees of the penal system have access to “Top Secret”. 2. Information classified as “Of Special Importance” is available only to the management staff of the above departments.	If a security officer used information in the categories “Top Secret” and “Of Special Importance,” he is considered prohibited from traveling abroad for a period of up to 5 years (more specifically, this period is prescribed in the employment agreement or contract). After 5 years have passed since the last contact with classified information, this restriction is lifted by the Interdepartmental Commission.

The total number of government employees subject to these sanctions (civil servants, military and security officials) was about 4 million people. This figure does not include intelligence officers, information about whom is not available in open sources.

This measure ensures the country's security from interference by foreign intelligence. And if in 2014 the document was signed in the form of a recommendation, then at the beginning of 2018 it was supplemented with responsibility for espionage and high treason. In the future, there will be further tightening of penalties for traveling to countries from the controversial list.

The reasons for imposing sanctions include the desire to protect law enforcement officers from provocations in the territories of NATO countries and those who signed an extradition treaty with the United States (they were subject to the strictest bans), as well as to ensure the safety of security forces in those regions where Russian law is not recognized.

Travel ban for police

Regarding police officers, there is no official list of countries not recommended for visiting yet. Such a list was published for employees of the prosecutor's office (it contains 166 items). There is every reason to believe that the list for the police will duplicate it and will look like this:

There is no categorical ban on police officers traveling abroad, as this would violate the constitutional right to freedom of movement. There is only a narrowing of the list that prevents the free movement of employees subject to access to data with different secrecy levels.

The list of permitted countries is constantly changing. As of 2018, police officers can freely visit Vietnam, China, Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and South Ossetia. In general, the state is most loyal to traveling to the territory of friendly countries.

How to apply to leave

Many Russian security officials had their international passports confiscated. For those who are resuming official duties, there is an instruction to transfer the document to personnel officers, or to the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs upon taking office - the employee has 5 days to do this.

To obtain permission to visit a state on the prohibited list, you need to go through a difficult exit procedure:

Stage 1. Submitting a report. The employee submits a request to his supervisor indicating the reason for the trip, the specific direction and route. From the management’s perspective, significant reasons for traveling to a prohibited country may include:

1. The need for emergency treatment abroad.
2. Departure in connection with receiving an inheritance and other issues of alienation of property registered in another country.
3. Visiting seriously ill relatives or graves of family members.

Stage 2. Next, the employee awaits the decision of his superiors and, upon receipt of the official document, signs the acquaintance. If the text contains approval for departure, a certificate from the manager will become the basis for receiving a return passport.

In general, it is very difficult to derive general requirements and recommendations for security forces traveling abroad. This is due to constant changes in geopolitics, the resumption and termination of various types of sanctions against Russia, etc. Guaranteed approval for vacation will be received by the employee who chooses to vacation in the resort regions of the Russian Federation.

Stage 3. Together with the certificate, the employee goes to the personnel department or department of the Main Department of Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and receives a document necessary to cross the border of the Russian Federation, which was confiscated earlier.

A police officer can stay outside the Russian Federation for no more than 15 days. In case of a longer trip, you must inform about the timing at the stage of submitting the report. In this case, permission to leave is consulted with senior management. If management does not approve the crossing of borders by a specific employee for a period of more than 15 days, he will be subject to a fine and dismissal.

Travel abroad of military personnel

Military service begins at conscription age. Men enter service in military units of the Russian Federation between the ages of 18 and 27 (subject to legal capacity).

After receiving the summons, traveling abroad is prohibited. This also applies to persons serving in public service in the FSB structures and having access to secret government information.

This restriction also applies to those who are in alternative service. It can be ignored only by certain categories of contract soldiers with whom the place and period of departure have been agreed upon, as well as those exempt from conscription or those with a deferment.

Upon completion of service, those who continue their military career will face corresponding prohibitions. In this regard, the frequently asked question regarding real estate abroad should be answered this way: military personnel are prohibited from owning such property. Otherwise, they face dismissal.

If a military man needs to leave the country for a certain time, he can send a request to the command. The scheme is as follows:

1. First, a report is submitted to the command for permission to travel abroad and issuance of a passport.
2. If the command does not object, the serviceman is given the appropriate certificate (see above).
3. To obtain a foreign passport, an application and questionnaire are filled out. A certificate with the right to travel is attached to the documents.

Only the serviceman himself is prohibited from traveling abroad.

Travel abroad of officials

Civil servants have the right to freedom of movement if they do not have access to classified information (state secrets). At the same time, the vast majority of officials are faced with such information when performing their official duties. Thus, they may fall under the restriction established by Federal Law No. 114, which is becoming more and more difficult to circumvent every year.

Example. The management of Roscosmos has prohibited its employees from traveling outside the Russian Federation, explaining that Western companies are interested in obtaining secret information in this area. Heads of large federal enterprises have the right not to allow their employees to go abroad, citing the protection of the country's strategic interests.

Departure of the debtor from the territory of the Russian Federation

As a rule, individuals are aware of their travel ban status. An exception is the position of the debtor, when a citizen, for one reason or another, is not informed about the presence of delays in mandatory payments. If the reasons for evading payment of current obligations are far from objective, problems may arise at the border, as bailiffs pass on information about defaulters.

The scheme is as follows: information about debts is transferred to the court, where an appropriate decision is made to collect them in a forced form, then bailiffs receive the information and begin the procedure. This does not apply to debts on traffic police fines - bypassing the judicial authorities, they go straight to the bailiff service.

The debtor is given 60 days to eliminate traffic fines. Similar requirements apply to other administrative violations.

The bailiff can transfer information to the bank, where the debtor’s card is blocked until the debt to the budget is repaid. After submitting a receipt for payment of the debt to the FSSP, the funds on the card will become available within a week. One way or another, the decision on the degree of freedom to travel depends not on the bailiffs, but on the court order, where they transmit information about the debtor’s solvency.

A person is considered prohibited from traveling abroad:

1. For which a court decision on the existing debt has entered into force, and there are no measures for repayment (deferment, installment payments).
2. With a total debt of more than 30 thousand rubles.

Making a demand for debt repayment to lift travel restrictions is the right, not the duty, of the bailiff. Therefore, not all debtors will face bans from crossing the country’s borders.

The debt threshold was raised in October last year. Previously, citizens with a debt of 10 thousand rubles were prohibited from traveling. But this did not affect everyone. Those debtors against whom there are property claims in terms of alimony payments, compensation for property, moral and physical harm caused, or the death of the breadwinner are included in the category with a reduced threshold for non-departure.

When paying a debt, you must take the receipt with you. It can be presented at the border in case of claims.

The question often arises why electronic technologies do not solve the issue of delays in opening the border. The reason is that depositing funds into the account of the specified organization refers to the first stage. Next, the information must be sent to the FSSP, from where, with the appropriate resolution to lift the ban, it is transferred to the Border Service employees and entered into the database of persons who are allowed to leave the country.

Time also works against the debtor if, for example, he flies from Moscow, and the restriction was imposed by the bailiffs in Vladivostok. The difference in time zones can lead to the fact that the debtor will not have time to repay the debt due to the fact that the working day has not yet begun in one of the cities.

It is planned to overcome such difficulties with the help of round-the-clock connection to the work of bailiffs. Provided the debt is repaid, a prompt response from FSSP representatives will minimize the time spent on lifting the travel ban.

Is it possible to travel abroad with debt? We'll talk about this in

How to check the possibility of departure

Online information about debt is transmitted to users of State Services and the website of the Federal Bailiff Service.

The advantage of obtaining information on the Internet is the prompt response of the system and the ability to determine your status without leaving home. In order to make sure that there is no debt to the state, you need to select the appropriate region and run a check in the FSSP database. In general, it is convenient to use the service - it is enough to indicate your full name, date of birth and place of residence, as a result of which the citizen receives comprehensive information about current obligations under writs of execution.

They include data:

1. Number and details of the writ of execution.
2. Amount to be repaid.
3. The name and address of the FSSP branch where the receipt for payment of the debt should be submitted.
4. Full name and contact details of the bailiff.

On the website you can print the information received and obtain information about payment methods (including electronic payments).

It is important to understand that the online service that provides information within the bailiff system has limited capabilities. To get the full picture, you may need other services that identify different types of debt. For this purpose, other services also operate - the traffic police database, credit history bureaus, etc.

The general recommendation is to carry out the check 14 days before the planned trip (or better yet, 30 days in advance). During this time, you can pay the debt, submit the receipt to the authorized bodies and wait for changes in the database (if any are made within a 2-week period). After payment, the information bank is updated within 3-7 business days.

Prompt payment of debt at the airport via Internet banking or other services does not mean an equally prompt lifting of the travel ban. It is better to take care of payments in advance, since there is no instant exchange of data between bailiffs and border guards.

A request through the personal account of the government services website is more official - information is issued in the form of a separate document. However, in essence, the debtor receives the same information as through the FSSP database. The service will be provided within 17 working days.

To take advantage of what the electronic system offers, you need to fill out an electronic application. After sending the information, the user receives detailed information with calculations, amounts of fines, penalties, etc. The only input required is the TIN number.

The same can be done by entering the receipt number in the required column (if you receive a written notification of payment).

An additional bonus is the ability to determine the TIN number. The user will be required to provide passport data, including full name, date of birth, series and document number. After filling out the specified information, the system automatically issues a TIN number and the corresponding data on the presence (or absence) of debt (including tax).

To register on the Unified Portal of Public Services, you need your last name, first name, patronymic and contact telephone number, to which you will receive a message with a confirmation code. After initial registration, the user has access to his personal account, where he enters information about himself. They are checked within 5-10 minutes.

Alimony payers should be especially careful when analyzing current debt. As mentioned above, the FSSP considers the collection of alimony payments to be one of its priority areas of work.

Modern communication channels make it possible to eliminate debts on taxes and fees, including through personal accounts of banks (Sberbank, VTB Bank, Tinkoff, Binbank provided this opportunity to their clients), and the Yandex.Money service. The latter makes it possible to obtain information about debts through the TIN number, find out about accruals by document index and make the corresponding payments without commission (for this you can use Yandex.Money, Visa, MasterCard).

You can find out your debt to credit institutions at a credit history bureau or through bank services. Information about debts for utility bills is received by phone or Internet address - the relevant information can be found in the text of the receipt.

For example, for Muscovites, information about rent debts is available on the city services portal, in the Bank of Moscow service, for communication services - on the MGTS website in your personal account, or on the operator’s website, for electricity - on the official website of Mosenergosbyt.

In most cases, debts can be paid within the specified electronic systems, through terminals and online payment services.

Registration in the Federal Tax Service system is somewhat more complicated and requires a one-time visit to the tax office at your place of residence to obtain a password. But in the long term, these efforts pay off: through electronic communication channels you can fill out declarations and personally contact Federal Tax Service employees, find out about debts, including information about the need to pay off property and transport taxes, receive data on overpayments, the amount of accruals, track the status of completed document systems.

Video - Bailiffs do not allow you to go abroad. What to do?

If they don’t know about the debt

The debtor is not always to blame for property claims. Sometimes a citizen does not even suspect that he has debts on mandatory payments. Such cases are faced by those who do not live according to registration, as well as formal owners of property (a car that is used by proxy is a prime example when a debt on transport tax arises). To avoid getting into such situations, a citizen should regularly visit the State Services portal, or log into the taxpayer’s Personal Account.

If receipts do not arrive at the registration address, the payer is naturally not aware of current payments. When there is a risk of not receiving information from government agencies, it is better to personally contact the FSSP service department. Citizens have the right to send a written request about the existence of a debt, or an electronic application.

The last options are for those who are willing to wait, since citizens’ petitions are considered within 30 days from the date of receipt.

According to the law, persons restricted from traveling abroad, based on existing debts on mandatory payments, receive a corresponding notification, which is sent to the registration address. Even if the debtor lives in another place or does not look into the mailbox, sending a document is interpreted by the bailiffs as receiving a letter.

Restrictions on leaving the Russian Federation due to documents

An objective reason restricting departure from the country is the lack of necessary documents or their incorrect execution. These include:

1. International passport.
2. Ready entry visa.
3. Medical insurance policy.
4. Written consent of one of the parents for a minor child to cross the border accompanied by the other. Citizens are not legally required to do this, but in order to ensure that customs officers do not ask unnecessary questions, it is better to take care of completing the document in advance.
5. Air tickets, voucher confirming payment for meals, transfer to another country, tickets for subsequent flights during transit stops, etc.

Duration of the travel ban

The period for which a citizen is declared prohibited from leaving the country depends on who issued the relevant decision. If it was issued on behalf of a bailiff, then such a ban is valid for six months with the possibility of extension.

Exactly six months later, when the debt is paid, the ban on traveling outside the Russian Federation is automatically lifted.

If the ban is imposed by the court, it continues according to the requirements of the claimant. To make a final verdict, the judge examines in detail all the circumstances of the case.

How to travel abroad for a child

If passport and border guard officials have questions about children crossing borders, you need to check whether all documents are available:

1. The child’s international passport, if he is already 14 years old, or an entry in the international passport of the parent with whom he is traveling.
2. Birth certificate.
3. Entry visa.
4. Notarized parental consent for the child to travel abroad (if necessary) - it is filled out in the presence of mom and dad according to the established template on a form issued by a specialist at a notary office.
5. Medical insurance policy.
6. Other documents establishing kinship (certificate of new marriage, divorce, etc. - this is necessary if the child and parent have different surnames when creating a new family and in a number of other cases).

As a rule, parental consent is not required to enter visa-free countries, but it is better to have the completed paper with you. It is mandatory in the case when a child and a parent are sent to countries united by the Schengen Agreement, or the child is sent with one parent (a typical example is parental divorce). It is advisable to attach a certified text of the document in English to the agreement.

If a child travels without parents with a coach, a family friend, or the leader of an excursion group, consent to cross the border of the Russian Federation received from the parents is mandatory (with the exception that the child is met at the airport, for which it is necessary to conclude an agreement with the airline on the provision of the service; the child must be over 5 years old).

Consent is not required if one of the parents is missing and this is confirmed by a certificate from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or is in prison (official information about this is also provided by the penitentiary system). Also, consent is not required if the second parent is deprived of parental rights (to leave, you need to request a copy of the court decision).

The consent is valid for one trip if the child is sent to the Schengen countries (entry and exit are recorded). For other countries, the validity period of the paper may be longer. Information should be clarified at a notary's office, but most specialists are inclined to draw up similar documents for a period not exceeding three months. Notary services cost from 800 to 1200 rubles in different regions of the Russian Federation.

If the other party disagrees, the parent files a claim in court, where the case is considered taking into account all existing circumstances.

Federal Law “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation”

Conclusion

Obstacles to traveling outside the Russian Federation can be circumvented legally: prepare all the necessary documents, pay current mandatory payments, visit the bailiff service or online electronic services. The legislation of the Russian Federation limits foreign travel to various categories of citizens, including minors, but at the moment there are existing and specific mechanisms that reduce the likelihood of unpleasant surprises at the border. You need to take care of your exit status in advance - this will take on average from two weeks to a month.

The holiday season is approaching. Many vacationers connect their plans with visiting foreign countries. We present to your attention a certificate about restrictions on leaving the Russian Federation, which in some cases may be imposed on Russian citizens.

Please note that this certificate is for informational purposes only and does not constitute full legal advice. If you have any doubts regarding a possible ban on leaving the country, in each specific case we recommend contacting lawyers who can assess certain circumstances and give detailed recommendations.

1. General grounds for restricting the right to leave

The right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to leave the country may be temporarily limited if he:

• has access to state secrets;
• serves in military or alternative civilian service;
• is suspected or accused of committing a crime;
• convicted of committing a crime;
• evades the obligations imposed by the court:
• provided deliberately false information when preparing exit documents;
• is an employee of the FSB.

Related documents:

• Federal Law of August 15, 1996 No. 114-FZ
• Order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the FSB of the Russian Federation and the Federal Migration Service of November 17, 2008 No. 8722/996/562/350 “On approval of the Regulations on the procedure for information interaction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Migration Service in order to identify the presence of circumstances that may lead to a temporary restriction of the right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to leave the Russian Federation and refusal to issue a passport, diplomatic passport and service passport, which are the main documents identifying the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the territory Russian Federation"

2. Access to state secrets

1. To restrict travel on this basis, it is necessary, first of all, to have access to state secrets. Considering that there are three degrees of secrecy of information constituting a state secret - “of special importance”, “top secret” and “secret” - it should be answered that it is legitimate to restrict the right to travel only for a citizen who has access to information of special importance or top secret information. Access to information classified as "secret" in the absence of other obstacles cannot in itself be an obstacle to leaving Russia.

In addition, what is needed is not just formal clearance, but evidence of real awareness of the person admitted to state secrets about information classified as “special importance” or “top secret”.

2. Conclusion of an employment contract or contract (including for military service), which involves a temporary restriction of the right to leave the Russian Federation. However, judicial practice interprets this provision in such a way that the absence of such an agreement (contract) does not mean that the applicant cannot be subject to the restrictions provided for by law.

3. The restriction on departure is valid until the expiration of such restriction. As a general rule, it is five years from the date of his last acquaintance with documents containing information of special importance or top secret information. Shorter terms may be established in the employment agreement (contract).

For individual citizens, the period of travel restrictions may be extended by decision of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of State Secrets (no more than ten years in total). Such a decision can be appealed to the Commission itself and to the court, and before applying to the latter there is no need to contact the Commission.

Related documents:

• Article 24 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 No. 5485-I
• Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of June 7, 2012 No. 14-P
• Order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the FSB of the Russian Federation and the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia dated April 14, 2006 No. 4301/264/158/160/22

3. Conscription into the army or ACS

1. From the moment the draft commission makes a decision on conscription for military service or on assignment to alternative civilian service, the citizen is also deprived of the right to travel outside Russia.

Conscription of citizens who are not in the reserves for military service is usually carried out twice a year from April 1 to July 15 and from October 1 to December 31 on the basis of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

2. This basis for restrictions on travel does not apply to:

“contract soldiers” who leave the Russian Federation with permission from the command;

conscripts for the period of deferment and exemption from conscription.

Related documents:

• Order of the Federal Migration Service and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated April 15, 2011 No. 100/507 “On approval of the Instructions on the procedure for interaction of the FMS of Russia, territorial bodies of the FMS of Russia and their structural divisions with the Ministry of Defense of Russia, military commissariats and departments of military commissariats when registering for citizens of the Russian Federation subject to conscription for military service or assignment to alternative civilian service, passports of a citizen of the Russian Federation, identification of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation"

4. Suspicion (accusation) of a crime

1. A citizen who has been recognized as a suspect in a crime or has been charged as an accused for committing it is prohibited from leaving Russia.

A person is considered a suspect in at least one of the following cases:

• initiation of a criminal case;
• detention on suspicion of committing a crime;
• application of a preventive measure (recognizance not to leave, surety, command supervision, supervision of a minor, bail, house arrest, detention);
• notification of suspicion of committing a crime if suspicions arose during the investigation.

2. The accused is a person in relation to whom:

• a decision was made to charge him as an accused;
• An indictment was issued following an investigation.

After the court's conviction has entered into force, the convicted person has no right to travel outside the Russian Federation. The defendant also has no right to leave the country.

• entry into force of a court's acquittal;
• making a decision to terminate a criminal case and criminal prosecution;
• release of the detainee without choosing a preventive measure;
• lifting the preventive measure.

5. Criminal record

1. A citizen convicted of committing a crime has no right to leave the territory of the Russian Federation until the sentence is served (executed). Accordingly, after such departure (execution), travel abroad becomes possible.

2. In addition, it is permissible for a convicted person to leave when he is convicted of a crime, but is released from punishment on the following grounds:

reversal of the court verdict with termination of the case;

pardon or amnesty;

exclusion of the crime from the Criminal Code;

the expiration of the statute of limitations for a conviction that was not executed against the will of the convicted person;

3. Those released on parole, although they are thereby released from punishment, nevertheless cannot leave the territory of the Russian Federation. The same applies to citizens sentenced to probation.

4. A person convicted of committing a crime is considered to have a criminal record from the day the court’s conviction enters into legal force until the criminal record is expunged or removed. Therefore, the ban on travel remains after serving the sentence until the criminal record is cleared or expunged. The terms for expunging a criminal record are established by Part 3 of Art. 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. If the convicted person behaved impeccably after serving his sentence, then, at his request, the court may remove his criminal record before the expiration of the criminal record.

Related documents:

• Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of December 8, 2009 No. 19-P

6. Failure to comply with a court decision

One of the most common grounds for restrictions on leaving Russia is a citizen’s evasion of obligations imposed on him by the court.

1. Such a restriction, based on the law and due to established practice, requires the simultaneous presence of the following conditions:

there is a corresponding executive document issued on the basis of a judicial act (or it itself must be such an act), which must indicate the obligations that are imposed on the citizen;

the amount of debt under the writ of execution exceeds 10 thousand rubles. or the executive document is of a non-property nature;

the said document must not be overdue, i.e. presented for execution within three years from the date of entry into force of the judicial act

the judicial act must enter into legal force (that is, the deadline for appeal has expired or the complaints have been rejected);

copies of this resolution no later than the next day from the date of issuance are sent to the debtor, to the territorial body of the FMS and to the border authorities.

If these conditions exist, it is possible to impose travel restrictions.

Hiding property, avoiding meetings with creditors, failure to perform specific prescribed actions, etc. can be regarded as evasion.

In this case, the debtor has no valid reasons for non-fulfillment. For example, according to existing judicial practice, the lack of funds or other property from the debtor is not recognized as a valid reason. That is, failure to comply may be unintentional.

If at least one of these conditions is absent, the legality of the exit restriction can be challenged.

The restriction may be imposed upon the claimant's application simultaneously with the commencement of enforcement proceedings. In this case, the imposed restriction does not depend on whether the debtor fulfills his obligations, and the decision can be made before the expiration of the period for voluntary performance.

2. The restriction is lifted when the parties reach an agreement, as well as in the event of fulfillment of obligations. In addition, it is removed upon termination and completion of enforcement proceedings.

2.1. Enforcement proceedings are terminated in the following cases:

• death of the claimant-citizen (debtor-citizen), declaring him dead or recognizing him as missing, if the imposed duties cannot be transferred to another person;
• loss of the ability to perform prescribed actions (refrain from them);
• the claimant's refusal to receive the thing seized from the debtor and which she previously demanded;
• adoption by the court of an act to terminate the execution of the writ of execution issued by it;
• the court's acceptance of the claimant's refusal to foreclose;
• approval by the court of a settlement agreement between the claimant and the debtor;
• cancellation of the judicial act on the basis of which the executive document was issued;
• cancellation or invalidation of the executive document on the basis of which enforcement proceedings were initiated.

2.2. The most common conditions for ending enforcement proceedings in our situation are:

• actual fulfillment of requirements;
• return of the writ of execution at the request of the court, other body or official who issued the writ of execution;
• sending a copy of the writ of execution to the organization to withhold periodic payments established by the writ of execution;
• expiration of the limitation period for execution.

In addition to these grounds, enforcement proceedings end if the enforcement document is returned to the claimant:

• at the request of the claimant;
• if it is impossible to implement the requirements of the writ of execution in this case, although the possibility of its execution as such is not lost;
• if it is impossible to obtain information about the whereabouts of the debtor and his property, and their search is not provided for by law;
• if the debtor does not have property, and measures to find it were unsuccessful;
• if the claimant refused to retain the debtor’s unsold property;
• if the claimant, by his actions, prevents the execution of the writ of execution.

In these situations, production ends. The search for the debtor, his property, the search for the child, as well as the restrictions established for the debtor, including restrictions on leaving the Russian Federation and restrictions on the debtor’s rights to his property, are cancelled. Upon completion of enforcement proceedings in connection with its transfer to another division of bailiffs, these measures may not be cancelled.

3. Immediately after the debtor fulfills his obligations or the completion or termination of enforcement proceedings, the bailiff issues a decision to cancel the temporary restriction on leaving the Russian Federation. In the resolution, he indicates that the debtor paid the debt in full or did not pay (indicating the reason). The resolution also states that the exit restriction will be lifted only after this resolution is received by the border control department of the Border Service of the FSB of Russia. Copies of the decision to lift the restriction, accompanied by a notice signed by the senior bailiff, are sent to the debtor, to the territorial department of the Federal Migration Service and to the border authorities.

It is important to remember that the lack of funds or other property from the debtor is not considered a valid reason for failure to comply with the requirements contained in the writ of execution. That is, in such a situation, the debtor’s rights to leave the Russian Federation will be temporarily limited.

It is also necessary to keep in mind that in official letters from tax and judicial authorities, as a rule, information is printed that a citizen has a debt to pay taxes, demands to pay this debt, or information that the debtor citizen has the right to travel abroad. limits of the Russian Federation are limited. In addition, a citizen can obtain information about the existence of debt on the official Internet sites of government bodies. Before traveling abroad, a citizen needs to clarify in advance whether he has forgotten to pay a fine or pay a tax and whether travel restrictions have been introduced for him because of this. If a citizen has already paid a fine or tax, it would not be superfluous to notify the concerned authority about this.

When you were getting ready to go on vacation abroad, you suddenly remembered one detail: “Do you have any debts?” How and where to check this before leaving? Today you can easily find out everything and find information about every legal detail on the Internet, so the fear of debt should not bother you.

Why can't they let me go abroad?

The main reason for a travel ban may be the collection from you of an amount exceeding 10,000 rubles. Moreover, the collection case, which took place in court in your presence, at this moment should be in the hands of the bailiffs. If all of the above applies to you, then a travel ban has been imposed on you.

Article 15 of the Federal Law “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation” states that if a citizen of the Russian Federation does not fulfill the obligations that the court has imposed on him, then a ban on leaving is guaranteed. Unpaid taxes and late payments on a loan taken out from one of the banks may serve as grounds for legal action against you. If the trial took place and the case was transferred to the bailiffs, then you are guaranteed to be included in the blacklist of the bailiffs. Your movement will be restricted.

In 2013, a weakening law was adopted for debtors with an amount of less than 10,000 thousand rubles. It states that in the above case, the debtor is not subject to a temporary restriction on leaving the Russian Federation.

We check ourselves in the lists of debtors.

1) The first thing I want to recommend is the Nevylet.rf service.
It allows you to find all your unpaid fines (administrative fines, traffic police fines, court decisions on collection, unpaid taxes) and provide complete information for payment. Here is an example of what part of the service’s report looks like:


The service really saves time and will allow you to avoid mistakes when searching for your debts. But for using the service there is a commission of 299 rubles. I believe that it is not that expensive for peace of mind when flying abroad. Indeed, in case of unpaid fines, you will lose many times more: paid insurance, air tickets or an entire tour.

2) You can make sure that you are not on the list of debtors due to situations such as late payment of alimony, all kinds of fines, failure to repay a loan on time, rent arrears and others, using the FSSP debt check by last name on the official website.
http://fssprus.ru/iss/ip/
The search scheme is simple: fill in the fields in order:
1) Last name;
2) Name;
3) Patronymic;
4) Region of residence;
5) Date of birth;

In a minute the system will display information about you. If you see the message “Nothing found for your request” on the screen, then you are not on the list of debtors. Otherwise, the system will indicate all your debts.

What to do if you have debts and bought tickets?

Found debts are paid easily and conveniently on the site itself. The system offers to print out a receipt for the debt, and then the debtor just needs to go to the bank and pay. Bailiffs must be aware of the payment. Information about debt repayment is received in about 14 days.
It is not enough just to pay your debt to avoid problems when moving out. First of all, you need to make sure that enforcement proceedings against your person have been stopped.
Take a copy of the document “Resolution on completion of enforcement proceedings”, which states that you have no grounds for restrictions on leaving the Russian Federation, when going through passport control. With this document you can safely go anywhere. You can get it on a single service portal or in a special service.
You should not immediately, after paying off a debt of over ten thousand rubles, go abroad. If, for example, you are planning a vacation in France in 3 days, then it is better to wait more than a week until the information about payment of debts reaches the bailiffs and the above document is generated. After this, you can safely go on your planned trip without fear of being detained at passport control.

Check the debt through the bailiff service.

There are a number of services that help people traveling abroad check their debts. Examples of services:
1) Unified portal of state and municipal services ( http://epgu.gosuslugi.ru/pgu/stateStructure/10000001012.html). To receive the service, you must register on the website, indicating exactly all the data required by the service. After registration, go to your personal account. Here we select the desired option. Next, the system informs about all kinds of debts and enforcement proceedings against you. You can also pay your debt on the portal.
2) Website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia (http://www.nalog.ru.). We also go through registration and find out the debt in the taxpayer’s personal account.
3) Information website about fines for traffic offenses - website of the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ( https://www.gibdd.ru/check/fines/).

How to avoid being blacklisted?

There are many reasons for becoming temporarily unable to travel abroad. Any late payment or non-payment at all can be precisely this reason.
Severe sanctions are sometimes applied to law-abiding people. Let's say you do not live at your place of residence, but debt has accumulated for the living space where you are registered. And according to the laws, you, as a registered person, are also due part of the payment. Or, another example, where the borrower does not pay his loan, and his guarantors “suffer” because of this.

The imposition of temporary restrictions on movement outside Russia takes place in the following order:
1) The creditor, if you avoid paying your debts, files an appeal to the court.
2) The judge considers the application submitted by the creditor.
3) After consideration, a court order is issued, which states the collection of the amount of debt presented by the creditor.
4) The order, once received by the FSSP, gives rise to the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the debtor.
The bailiff has the right to prohibit the debtor from traveling abroad of the Russian Federation. Information about this is also transmitted to the Border Service of the FSB of Russia. Now the debtor is registered in the border guards database. The stamp placed at passport control at the airport and other similar places will not be given to the debtor. Consequently, leaving will be prohibited.

Useful services.

1) http://fssprus.ru/int_help – page of the bailiffs’ website, which contains all kinds of answers for travelers, tourists, and just anyone going on vacation outside of Russia.

Representatives of the law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation and those who have access to state secrets are aware of the taboo on traveling outside their home country. There may also be other citizens on the “black list” of the FSB border units who, before going through passport control, considered themselves to be traveling abroad. This article will discuss how to find out if there is a ban on traveling abroad? And this must be done at least two weeks before the planned date of travel. Then you won’t have to unpack your suitcases and count the losses from your short-sightedness.

Why can Russian citizens be restricted from traveling?

The biggest trouble that can await those traveling outside the Fatherland is a ban on travel at the border checkpoint. People who are considered restricted from traveling abroad due to their duties are well aware of the prohibitions. But in a number of cases, a ban can be imposed on ordinary citizens of the Russian Federation.

The time limit is regulated by law. The common belief that an insignificant debt on traffic fines, payment of housing and communal services and taxes can become an obstacle to traveling abroad is not true. Your debt may be equal to or exceed 30 thousand rubles - the liability threshold was increased in the second half of 2017.

Previously, the amount was three times smaller debts. But even with multimillion-dollar unpaid obligations, you can leave your country. To be sure of this, you must know for what reasons and to what extent you should postpone your foreign voyage.

Reasons for the ban on leaving Russia

The Migration Service and the FSB of the Russian Federation regulate the procedure for Russians leaving the country.

Main reasons for the ban:

1. Service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This includes access to information containing state secrets.
2. Being under investigation, sentence for the crime committed, including probation. This category includes citizens who were released on parole from prison.
3. Availability of debts. Evasion of court-imposed obligations to repay debt.

Key words in the travel ban for debtors:

• the court's decision,
• non-repayment of debt under claims.

The amount of debt under the writ of execution from 2017 should exceed 30 thousand rubles compared to 10 thousand rubles in force previously. The increase in the liability threshold was adopted in connection with inflationary processes in the Russian Federation.

Where and how to view the “black list” by last name and online?

Those planning to travel abroad should not be reassured by the fact that they have not received written notice from the bailiffs. The letter simply could have gotten lost or arrived at an address where the debtor does not live. The border service is not interested in your “ignorance” and you will not receive a “green light”. Only bitter disappointment: the collapse of plans and the loss of considerable money paid for tickets or for the tour.

To avoid getting into such a situation, you need to review your personal data in advance for “cleanliness.” In the case of a debt subject to repayment according to executive documents, repay it.

Important! Check with time: information about the lifting of a court decision on a travel ban does not arrive at the border service with the wave of a magic wand - this action will take some time.

Most likely, lifting the ban after compliance with court orders will take about two weeks. The databases will be updated, and you will be able to fly outside the Russian Federation.

There are many direct access sites for online background checks before your trip. You will receive information from the border guards too late - at the time of passing control. This information is not publicly available - the unit is part of the Federal Security Service.

Attention! We do not recommend delaying the check until departure. Even if you pay off the debt right at the airport, the restrictions will not be lifted. It is necessary to wait for documentary confirmation of the completion of enforcement proceedings - this is done by bailiffs. Next, the data must be entered into the register of the border control service.

Checking lists of debtors

At the bailiffs (FSSP)

The best service and guarantor of your “purity” is the official website of the bailiff service:

Working with it does not require separate registration and creation of a Personal Account. You are immediately taken to the public part of the Bank of Enforcement Proceedings.

Fill in the fields:

• registration region from the drop-down list;
• Full Name;
• Date of Birth.

The answer: “Nothing was found for your request” opens up the green light for you to leave. If your request specifies the date and number of the enforcement proceeding, you can instantly pay off the debt with a bank card.

On the FSSP website you will find information about initiating enforcement. proceedings for the following debts:

• payment for housing and communal services;
• traffic police fines;
• transfers to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation;
• private loans;
• tax deductions;
• loan payments.

For complete confidence, you can order a paid report on all your debts with a database check. Based on the results, the probability of departure is estimated. To do this, fill out the form below:

On the State Services portal

Perhaps your fines have not yet been transferred to the bailiff service after the court hearing.

This procedure takes up to 70 days.:

• 10 – period for appeal;
• 60 – to pay off the debt.

Then you should contact the State Unified System.

You can access this resource at the territorial tax authority, which will issue a password and login, or use an account for the State Services portal. Holders of a qualified electronic signature can work in a taxpayer’s personal account.

If you find a debt there that exceeds 30 thousand rubles, pay it off before forced collection.

traffic police

Theoretically, you can leave a request on the help service website here: services.fms.gov.ru/info-service.htm?sid=3000. But the answer is for reference only.

You can check whether you are on the “black list of those not allowed to travel abroad” when you receive a foreign passport. If you have debts under writs of execution, the issuance of the document will be refused.

Electronic checks on these sites are simple and free. However, commercial information resources have also appeared that, for a small fee (two to three hundred rubles) promise you “the most reliable information.”

Make no mistake: paid services still use the same free official databases. They do not have access to the internal resources of the intelligence services. Perhaps they will save time for an insecure PC user.

How to find out if there is a ban on a child traveling abroad?

The ban on a child traveling abroad with one of the parents raises many questions. Until recently, there was a lot of misunderstanding about this.

In 2015, the FSB Border Service abolished the mandatory notarized permission for the departure of a minor from one of the parents. But, unfortunately, children can end up on the “black list”.

One of the parents has the right to veto the child’s foreign travel. Another person learns about the ban only at the time of check-in for a flight or going through passport control - there is no basis for checking minors using a stop list.

The ban procedure is not regulated by the legislator. An application in a simple form submitted to the FMS is enough and the ban will be received. The ban can only be lifted through a court decision.

To establish a ban, a parent, usually not living with the minor, must provide the migration service with the original birth certificate of the child.

Do not give the original birth certificate to the other party under any pretext, and you will be sure that the “threat” to make your child unable to travel abroad exists only in words.

Are debts checked at the border with Kazakhstan and Belarus or at the airport?

“Banned” debtors are looking for workarounds to cross the border. For a long time, the “bypass” scheme through the states of the Customs Union worked. By plane - to Minsk, from there to your destination.

But, according to reviews from travelers, at the Belarusian airport debtors are turned back to their home airport. Since mid-2017, border guards have been working to unite all bases of the states that are members of the Customs Union.

The same applies to Kazakhstan. The previously proven scheme for traveling to Asian countries (transit train ticket to Kazakhstan's Petropavlovsk) also began to fail. At the border of Russia and Kazakhstan, debtors are removed from the train.

There is only one loophole left for “forgetful” debtors. Transit through Lithuania by train Moscow - Kaliningrad. Take a ticket to the final station. Stop your trip in Vilnius. From there, fly to the desired country. A prerequisite is an open Schengen visa.

Nobody will prohibit you from entering Russia - you can take a direct flight.

Every day, a huge number of people leave their homeland for various purposes - business trips, vacations, visits to friends. However, some people are not allowed to travel abroad. To avoid getting into an awkward situation, it is better to find out in advance whether you are one of such people.

It won’t take much time, but it will save your nerves and your money, because if departure at customs is impossible, the money spent on vacation or tickets cannot be returned.

What are the bans on traveling abroad?

Restrictions on traveling abroad are imposed on a person in the following cases:

1. If a person has access to information that he considers particularly important or top secret, it is classified as a state secret. When applying for a job, in this case, the restriction on traveling abroad is prescribed in the contract. Such restrictions are imposed if there is a first or second form of access to state secrets. After dismissal, the restriction is valid for no more than five years. The passport is submitted to the HR department. In some cases, management may agree to leave.
2. If a person is called up for military or alternative service. In this case, traveling abroad will be allowed after completion of service. The passport is kept in the HR department. After completing military or alternative service, the passport is handed over to its owner.
3. If a person is a suspect or accused in a criminal case. In this case, traveling abroad is not possible until a decision is made in a criminal case or until the court verdict comes into force.
4. If a person is convicted, then it will be possible to leave the border of the homeland after the execution of the sentence or after the moment when the convicted person is released.
5. When evading obligations imposed by the court. It will be possible to leave your homeland after the parties come to an agreement. For example, for evading payment of alimony.
6. In cases where a person works in the federal security service. The restriction lasts until the moment of dismissal, if there was no access to information related to state secrets.
7. In a situation where incorrect information was provided when preparing documents for traveling abroad. This applies to both intentional and unintentional provision of incorrect information.

How to find out your debts before traveling abroad?

In order not to worry about whether you will be denied travel abroad, you should clarify this information in advance.

1. For starters, it's worth familiarize yourself with the lists of persons with travel restrictions. If you do not find yourself on this list, then it is worth checking whether you are a debtor. Sometimes a person simply does not receive a receipt, so he does not know that he is obliged to pay anything.
2. To clarify this information, you can visit bailiff service department. If you do not want to distract the bailiffs from their work, or you do not have time to visit, there are other options.
3. You can also visit the website of this service, where you can enter your data and check if you are a debtor. Before entering data, you will need to confirm your consent to the processing of your personal data.
4. Another site to check - Unified portal of State Services.

If your fears are justified, then you should pay the fine as quickly as possible. The payment form can be found and printed on the website. After all, after payment is received, information about the payment is transmitted to the border services, but this may take some time.

Even if the receipt has been paid, but this information has not yet reached the customs officers, you will be denied permission to leave. Therefore, if you plan to travel abroad in the near future, you should take care of your debts in advance.

What documents are needed to travel abroad?

Before your trip, you should take care of the following documents:

1. international passport, which is the most important document when traveling abroad; without it, travel is impossible. A new type of international passport is issued for ten years.
2. Country entry visa(if there is a visa regime between the country you are going to visit and your homeland).
3. Medical policy.
4. Parental consent. When one of the parents takes a minor child abroad, you may be asked to provide the consent of the other parent. However, according to the law, you are not required to do this. If you do not want to enter into debates with customs officers, it is better to have such consent with you. If it is missing, then it is necessary to ask customs officers to provide a written refusal to allow the child to travel abroad. If a child leaves his homeland without parents, then the consent of the parents is required, issued by a notary, which states the date of departure and the name of the country that is planned to be visited).
5. When making transit stops, a ticket confirming the next flight is required(it must be no later than 24 hours after landing), transit visa.
6. Voucher. This is a document that confirms paid services in the country being visited - accommodation, transfer, meals. A tourist voucher can replace a voucher.
7. Airline tickets with marked seats. Tickets must be for both the flight to the country you are visiting and the return flight.

Traveling abroad for military personnel

If a person is a military serviceman or works in federal executive authorities where military service is provided, then permission from the command must be provided to travel abroad.

This permit must be issued in accordance with the requirements set by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Traveling around the world will bring pleasure if there are no problems with customs clearance.

In order not to lose the money that was spent on paying for a trip or voucher, you must check in advance whether you are a debtor, and whether you are included in the category of citizens who have restrictions on traveling abroad.

It is also worth considering that when applying for a job in a service where work with state secrets is carried out, travel abroad will be prohibited not only during work, but also after dismissal.

Read useful information on this topic.