Liberty Island Cuba is a legendary country, about which, for all its color, we know not so much. Meanwhile, this island is rich in its history, culture and incredible life experience. Time stopped in Cuba about three decades ago. And you still have the opportunity to see the world of the past.

What is it, Cuba on the map

In the north of the Caribbean Sea there is a very interesting, original and uniquely memorable country, the Republic of Cuba. It covers not only the central island, but also several smaller ones. It is divided into 16 provinces, also includes the municipality of the Youventud Islands. No matter how large the area of ​​​​Cuba may seem, its population is about 11,300,000 people.

The state is a member of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. The dominant Communist Party directs politics. The flag of Cuba is white, blue and red. The three blue stripes represent the Spanish parts of Cuba, the two white stripes represent independence, the red triangle represents equality, and the star represents freedom.

Cuba covers a total area of ​​110,860 square kilometers and is 1,250 kilometers long. The state borders on the United States, Mexico, Jamaica and the island of Haiti. The climate here is tropical, the temperature ranges from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius.

Where the name of the Island of Freedom came from is not fully known. It is assumed that the word "Cuba" came from the Taino Indians, who called the island a "beautiful place." And some historians say that the island of Cuba was named by Columbus in honor of the village of the same name in Portugal.

History of Cuba

Cuba has gone through a difficult path in the period of its formation. These lands have seen many revolutionary actions. The first civil uprising took place as early as 1823, when the locals decided to fight for an independent Spain. From 1868 to 1878, battles were fought here during the Ten Years' War for the independence of the Cuban people. This was followed by a number of revolutionary leaders, bringing to Cuba their orders and principles of government.

The well-known Fidel Castro came here in 1953. It was with his activities that the Cuban Revolution began, which opposed the ruling dictator Batista. When he fled the island, the "left" revolutionaries took the lead. But the optimistic trend did not last long, as repression soon began in Cuba. Castro was afraid of the dangerous influence of the United States, and actively began to cooperate with the Soviet Union.

It was this, the largest state at that time, that supported Cuba materially and financially. But when Perestroika began in the Union, the relationship changed. And Cuba itself has lost its former power. There was little money, there were not enough jobs. Stability was achieved only by 1994.

The church in Cuba operates according to its own rules, because everyone here has the right to their own religion. Mostly they profess Catholicism. But sometimes there are examples of Protestantism and African cult, which are built on the sacrifice and worship of various pagan gods.

They speak mainly in Spanish, but you can also hear English and Italian. In some regions, Dutch, German and various local dialects are spoken.

Cuba and its cities

The capital of Cuba, the city of Havana, is a tourist center and one of the largest in the country. Its total area is almost 727 square kilometers, on which 15 municipalities are located. Havana received the status of the capital in 1902, and at the moment it is the cultural, economic and political center of the country.

A lot of museums have been built in the city, in particular the Colonial, the National, the José Marti House Museum and the Museum of the Revolution. Also here you can see many old restored houses of the XVI-XVIII centuries. Also opened is the house-museum of the great writer Ernesto Hemingway, who was utterly in love with Cuba.

The second largest city in Cuba is Santiago de Cuba. It was built and inhabited at the beginning of the 16th century, and until 1556 it served as the capital of the state. Here, as in the capital, a lot of museums have been opened: ethnographic, municipal, natural history and others.

Tourists come to the south of Cuba to try their hand at recreational diving and see the fortress of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro. By the way, it is in this city that the grave of dictator Fidel Castro is located.

In the center of Cuba in 1514 the city of Camagüey was built. Local residents suffered from pirate attacks for several decades, but over time the area has changed. Surrounded by picturesque nature, the city is famous for its numerous attractions - the Ignacio Argamonte Museum, Trabajadores and Soledad squares, and, of course, Campestre Casino Park.

How to organize an unforgettable vacation in Cuba

Despite the fact that Cuba is not the richest country, there will definitely be something for a tourist to see here.

The bell-shaped Cathedral of St. Christopher rises in the capital, the building is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It was built from 1767 until the end of the 19th century, the frescoes of Giuseppe Perovani became the crowning achievement of architectural creation. The bells are made of bronze with an admixture of silver and gold.

Be sure to walk along the Prado Boulevard in the capital, this promenade separates the two regions of Havana. Noisy and colorful Cuban weddings take place here, since the Wedding Palace is located on the boulevard. A large hotel "Seville" was built for tourists, and the old Capitol towers nearby. Walking along the boulevard in the evening, you will certainly see the Bolshoi Theater and Central Park. Walk a little more - and you are on the Malecon.

The picturesque and one of the largest parks, Sierra del Rosario, can be seen if you get to the Rosario ridge. The large park is a protected area with a length of 250 kilometers. This land is home to a rainforest with more than 800 plant species. At the moment, the park is of particular natural value for UNESCO.

And, of course, you can't come to Cuba and not look into Hemingway's house. It was here that the writer lived almost until the end of his life. He was inspired by the unique seascape and fresh brackish air. Hemingway arrived in Cuba in 1940, but the house in which he settled was built at the end of the 19th century. Gorgeous views, rum and national flavor inspired the author to write the legendary novel The Old Man and the Sea.

In 1961, the writer passed away, and a year later, in tribute to his work, the Cuban authorities made a museum in his house. Everything here is preserved in the form that Ernest used to see. Even in the bedroom, on the desktop, they installed an exact copy of the typewriter on which brilliant works were created.

Cuba is something unique

You will definitely not find such another country anywhere in the world. And there are plenty of quirks on Liberty Island. Accustomed to bans, repressions and restrictions, Cubans have some other permissiveness. Surprisingly, the activities of Masonic lodges are still legal here. To this day, there is an organization of Masons, including a little less than 300,000 local residents.

But there are more restrictions. For example, one of the strangest rules is the ban on catching and eating lobsters by locals. This product is considered exclusively for tourism and is grown or caught by state monopolists. Local residents do not have the right to this product. We are talking not only about lobsters, but also about lobsters. To tell the truth, this rule, of course, is violated. But it still remains within the law and implies imprisonment for several years.

Photography in Cuba is a separate art form. But before you take the coveted picture, make sure it's legal. It is strictly forbidden to photograph administrative and military buildings, cars and any other places. There are a lot of KGB officers in all cities, but it’s better not to risk taking photos or videos with them. If you are photographing locals or taking selfies with them, then, first of all, ask permission. You are unlikely to hear a refusal, but if this happens, it is better to immediately erase the photo.

And the most popular entertainment in Havana is the Tropicana show. It is presented by a traditional cabaret with bright Cuban costumes. Ticket price - 95 Cuban pesos, this amount includes a pass to the event, a glass of champagne, a can of Coca-Cola and a bottle of rum. Cabaret tells the rich history of Cuba from the time of the Indians to the dictators of Castro.

Cuba and tourism

What does a tourist do when he gets tired of the sights or when there is a little less than a couple of hours left before the plane? Of course, go shopping!

The Caribbean coast is rich in its ocean sights and beauties. In local souvenir shops you can buy bracelets and figurines made of tortoise shell. It will be interesting for musicians to bring bongos, for fashionistas - a guayabera shirt. Well, where without traditional portraits of Che Guevara, who look at tourists from T-shirts, cups, key rings and other things.

You are unlikely to have to buy products, but you will not be able to do this very well either. In Cuba, everything is issued on coupons, and supermarkets work for tourists. To tell the truth, there are only two large shopping centers in Cuba, and then in the capital.

What to try in Cuba?

Of course, drink a glass of rum and, if tastes permit, smoke a fragrant cigar and feel like Al Capone. Buying Rum in any city in Cuba is easier than finding a store without a queue. Rum prices are minimal, but the quality matches the price. If you want to try a good cigar, then check out the Cigar Museum. This way you will learn more about this iconic item and buy a quality product for a relatively small price.

When it comes to restaurants, things are not going well. There are no large five-star restaurants with arches and waiters in butterflies in Cuba. And even small cafes for three tables with a thatched roof are called a restaurant here. But they cook in all establishments quite tasty. Sea food is widespread. The same lobsters and lobsters that are relatively inexpensive here.

All about Cuba for tourists

To visit Cuba you will need. The Embassy of the Island of Freedom warmly welcomes Ukrainian tourists, so the documents will be processed quickly. With such a visa, you can stay in the country for up to 30 days, and if the atmosphere of the island drags on for some more time, then the documents can be easily extended at the Ukrainian embassy.

Will cost you about 500-700 dollars. to Cuba ranges from 25 to 50 thousand hryvnia. The hotel will cost in a tourist city about 1500 - 2600 hryvnia per day. In smaller towns, hotels cost about
1000 - 1500 hryvnia per day. You can give yourself a truly heavenly pleasure and rent a house, villa or cottage on the coast. This luxury will cost 800 - 2200 hryvnia per day.

Regarding the currency, it is worth knowing one fact. There are two types of pesos in Cuba. The first is designated as CUP, this currency is less colorfully printed and is intended for local residents. For tourists, the peso is designated, which is designated as CUC. This is the so-called convertible peso, which corresponds to the usual one as 1:25, respectively. Interestingly, in any city in Cuba, both currencies are accepted. And the magic still exists.

Video - 13 interesting facts about Cuba

On the account of money, it is also important to know that there are no terminals in the local stores. So you should always carry cash with you. It is better to immediately withdraw a large amount from ATMs, because the commissions there are literally extortionate. Part of the amount should be kept close to you, and part should be left in the safe of the hotel or villa. And in general, all valuable things should be kept with you. Cuba has a fairly high rate of theft.

When taking photos, do not forget that posting pictures on Instagram will not be very easy. There is no Internet in Cuba on a large scale. You can use it only with the help of a map in certain places. Or in the central districts of the city at the main post office. Or in a hotel, of course.

In Cuba, it is a separate world that cannot be compared with anything. Temperamental, emotional and to this day not discouraged Cubans will gladly share their experience with you from the old memory. Ukrainians are habitual guests in Cuba. Once upon a time, a tour to Cuba was organized for the children of Chernobyl. Now everything is getting better, and Cuba is still waiting for our countrymen. The point is small - to clarify where Cuba is located, order a visa, book a hotel and fly to a meeting for a sunny vacation.

Free economic zones were created. In 1997, there were already three FEZs operating in the country (Mariel, Wahai and the city of Havana).

Cuba exports, bringing income to the budget of its country, tobacco, seafood, sugar, nickel, medical products, coffee, citrus fruits.

Cuba's export partners are China, Canada, Spain, and the Netherlands. China has invested $500 million in the Cuban nickel industry, Brazil - the same amount in the development of Cuban hydrocarbon deposits, in the construction of a plant for the production of technical oils. A large nickel ore mining plant has been built in the province of Holguin.

The country imports today food, oil products, industrial equipment, chemical products. Its import business partners are Venezuela, China, Spain. Particularly tight and productive ties in terms of the Petrocaribe oil program with Venezuela. The trade turnover between the states annually reaches about 10 billion dollars.

Since 1962, the country has introduced a card system for the distribution of products. The "black market" thrives, as card products are issued irregularly here.

Cuba has a developed system of free public services: medical care, higher, secondary education.

Since October 2010, the list of business activities permitted by the government has increased in the country. In 2016, private small and medium-sized businesses were legalized.

Cuban branches of government

Cuba is a socialist republic of a parliamentary type. Most of the deputies in parliament still represent the Communist Party of Cuba.

The head of state is the Chairman of the State Council (he is also the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba), which exercises executive power in the country. The chairman of the Council of Ministers, who is also the second secretary of the Central Committee, helps him.

The government of the Cuban state consists of two branches: the Council of Ministers and the Council of State. The ministry has 31 ministers.

The highest authority on Liberty Island is the National Assembly of People's Power, i.e. parliament of the republic. It includes 609 deputies who are elected for 5 years. She was entrusted with the formation of the government, the appointment of the head of the state council. The duties of the Assembly also include the election of the People's Supreme Court. The provincial courts are elected by the provincial assemblies of people's power, and the municipal courts by the municipal assemblies.

The Republic of Cuba is divided administratively into 16 provinces, which are respectively divided into 169 municipalities. Only one municipality, Huventud, is accountable to the central authorities, the rest are subordinate to local administrative structures.

Cuba's participation in international organizations

In recent years, having changed course in the political sphere, being squeezed by economic sanctions, Cuba has become more active in influential international organizations.

The Republic is a member of the World Trade Organization, takes an active part in international agreements: the Paris Convention, the New York Convention on International Arbitration, the Madrid Protocol. Cuba is a member of the International Organization of ACP States. For decades, Cuba has been participating in social programs at the international level.

57 Cuban specialists work in 101 countries, of which 70% are health workers. One of the Cuban programs "Operation Miracle" provides affordable medical care in 16 countries to poor, seriously ill people. In 28 countries of Latin America, the "Yes, I can" program is operating, aimed at combating illiteracy.

Whatever direction Cuba goes, the beauty of its natural landscape, the originality of culture and the attractiveness of the Cuban mentality will remain unchanged.

Cuba is a unique country. No matter how sophisticated the tourist is, this island will always remain a dream. The amazing history of this country, its location, fauna, culture - everything here captures, everything excites.

People come here with children; adventure lovers are looking for extreme here; here they stop in pairs and one at a time in order to retire, live far from civilization, in harmony with nature.

But, of course, today's youth attracts Cuba most of all. Free, noisy, cheerful, it is simply created for those who cannot imagine their life without violent parties, dances, all kinds of entertainment.

Moreover, the myth that the cost of living in Cuba is higher than in other countries is slowly dissipating. Caribbean. Having dinner in an inexpensive restaurant and renting a not the most expensive room, you can completely meet the 50 $ per day. But the impressions will last you a lifetime.

Capital	Havana
Population	11.5 million people
	110,860 thousand m²
Population density	102 inhabitants per 1 km²
	Spanish
Religion	Catholicism
Form of government	parliamentary socialist republic
	Cuban Peso (CUP)
Timezone
International dialing code
Internet domain zone
Electricity	110/220V/60Hz, outlet type: A, B, C

Climate and weather

The tropical, trade-wind climate of the island of Cuba provides a fairly high temperature throughout the year. The average annual temperature here is about +25.5°C. The coldest month January (+22.5 °C), the hottest - August (27.8 °C). The water near the coast remains warm almost all year round: from +22 °C - in winter and from +28 °C - in summer. The average annual rainfall is also quite high - about 1500 mm. Mostly it is showers. However, very dry years are not so rare in Cuba.

In general, the climatic seasons on the island are quite clearly expressed: May-September is the rainy season, October-April is dry. The autumn-summer period is characterized by heavy showers, often with strong winds.

Humidity is very high throughout the year.

Nature

Cuba is rich in man-made sights, which millions of people from all over the world dream of touching. However, natural ensembles that amaze with their beauty are no less valuable: heavenly beaches tens of kilometers away, fabulous uninhabited islands with palm groves and mangroves, karst caves and low picturesque mountains.

The relief of Cuba is flat, but the bizarre forms of the highest Sierra Maestra mountain range, stretching along the southeast coast for hundreds of kilometers, impress even travelers who have seen the views.

Cuba is distinguished by the richest fauna and flora. Some types of plants you will not find anywhere else in the world. And the variety of exotic species of butterflies and birds is simply amazing!

Attractions

Of the cities and regions that you need to visit when traveling in Cuba, you can name:

• Havana;
• Santiago de Cuba;
• Holguin.

In the capital alone there are about 1000 buildings of architectural value! Of the most famous - the Cathedral Square and Cathedral of Saint Christopher(XVII century), the building of the former governor's palace Cuba, fortresses La Cabaña and La Fuerza(XVI century). It is very popular among tourists Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, and Ernest Hemingway House Museum. Of course, Cuba's nightlife is also concentrated here in the capital.

Getting into Santiago de Cuba- the second largest city in Cuba - tourists are sent, as a rule, to the picturesque city cespedes park. This is perhaps one of the main attractions of the city. Besides, Santiago de Cuba, once the capital, can be considered the center of the cultural life of the island: numerous museums, theaters, cathedrals attract here those who want not only to enjoy the beauties of Cuba, but also to learn more about its history.

The most popular resort on the island is Varadero(Province of Matanzas). The local beaches are among the top three in the world, and their surroundings are an ideal place for leisure activities for tourists with a wide variety of tastes and hobbies. There is also a dolphinarium here - an essential attribute of any resort - where anyone can not only admire the local inhabitants, but also swim with them.

The second most important resort region - Holguin. It is here that the most beautiful in Cuba is located. Playa Esmeralda beach. The riches of the region also include six waterfalls and the richest fauna. In addition, Holguin is often called the city of squares. Walking here is not only pleasant, but also interesting: the city is very diverse in terms of architecture.

Nutrition

The gastronomic preferences of Cubans are quite diverse. In the cuisine of this country, the traditions of Spain, Africa, and the Caribbean islands are mixed. Here, meat is respected and vegetables and fruits are not dispensed with. A separate culinary theme - bananas. Cubans have dozens of options for its preparation and hundreds of options for dishes that include a banana. They are fried and baked, and used as an ingredient in the sauce, and beaten as a dessert.

By the way, desserts in Cuba are distinguished by sweetness. Popular here mousses, puddings, ice cream. Tropical fruits and sugar cane are used to make a variety of amazing syrups.

Coffee is a favorite among the locals. It is drunk very strong and sweet throughout the day. Among alcoholic drinks, the favorite among Cubans is rum. It is customary to serve table wine for lunch and dinner.

The best food in Cuba is in restaurants located in private homes. They're called paladares. Lunch in such a restaurant will cost you about 7 $ , which is two times less than in a state restaurant. You can also have a bite to eat in the city by buying a pizza or a sandwich from street vendors.

In restaurants in Cuba, it is customary to tip at the rate of 10% from the cost of the order. It is better to give money personally to the waiter.

Accommodation

Most of the hotels located in the resorts of Cuba have a five-star status. The beaches adjacent to such hotels are usually very well equipped with everything you need to relax. Meals are organized most often on the principle of a buffet, less often - on the menu. The cost of an all-inclusive room in such a hotel will approach 100 $ . For comparison: the same room in a state-owned middle-class hotel will cost about 35 $ , and in private 15-25 $ .

Almost all hotels in Cuba have a car rental office.

Entertainment and recreation

Of course, when it comes to entertainment in Cuba, first of all I want to talk about the nightlife of the island. In terms of the number of clubs, bars, discos, it is Freedom Island that ranks first in Caribbean. Lovers of music and dance come here just to plunge into this environment. Especially rich nightlife in the capital. Havana is ready to satisfy any request. Cabaret, jazz clubs, Latin American shows - the nightlife of the Cuban capital is diverse in rhythm. By the way, anyone can learn Afro-Cuban dances: dance lessons are organized right at the hotels.

Clubs and restaurants are not the only way for Cubans and guests of the island to have fun. Diving, fishing and hunting are extremely popular here. There is something to do here for lovers of speleology: huge karst caves captivate both professionals and simply curious tourists.

Cuba hosts many festive events and festivals throughout the year. The Fire Festival and the Carnival in Santiago de Cuba (take place in the summer) are especially spectacular. In August, the island hosts a festival of Cuban music.

Purchases

Food in Cuba is better to buy in supermarkets or shops. In shops INTUR tiendas you can buy clothes, food, medicines, souvenirs for currency. By the way, about souvenirs. You will probably want to buy one or two bottles Cuban rum and cigars. You can also choose rum in the store (a bottle costs from 5 $ ), but to buy good cigars, it is best to contact Real Fabrica de Tabaco Partagas. On the first floor of the factory there is a shop that sells all kinds of cigars.

Surely, in the first days of your stay in Cuba, you will want to buy a T-shirt with the image of the symbol of all revolutions - Che Guevara. Although it would be better if you follow the example of the locals and buy guiaber shirt in which you can easily endure any heat.

Wonderful souvenirs for friends and family can be not only rum and cigars, but also other exclusively " Cuban» accessories: straw hats, wicker shoes, hammock. To prolong the festive mood (there is no other in Cuba!) Audio CDs bought in Havana with recordings of temperamental local music will help.

When going shopping, do not forget that Cubans hold sacred traditions: a four-hour rest in the afternoon is a must. However, it is not only about traditions: the scorching sun simply does not allow you to work fully.

And one more important note. Icon $ on the price tag means nothing more than the word " price". But the real value of the goods is most often indicated in pesos.

When buying products made of crocodile skin, ask the seller for an export license, otherwise the souvenir may be confiscated at customs.

Transport

Cuba's main airport is the International Airport named after Jose Marti located 18 km from Havana. As for municipal transport, then, alas, its condition is deplorable. There are very few city buses, and they often break down. There is no schedule as such. If you plan to move within the city, rent a bike: this type of transport is common here.

Communication between cities is also poorly established. Buses and fixed-route taxis are almost always crowded and run poorly. Tickets must be purchased in advance.

In general, a tourist in Cuba cannot do without a car. And with this, fortunately, there are no special problems. All that is required to rent a car is a driver's license and driving experience of at least a year. However, this service is quite expensive. 60 $ per day. But, believe me, there is simply no better way to see Cuba.

As for the quality of roads, then, as you may have guessed, there are problems. The rules of the road are standard, but signs and markings are practically absent. Service stations are also, in general, a rarity. Therefore, when renting a car, do not be too lazy to check if everything is in order with the car. Also check if the tank is full.

The only plus is that “tourist” cars (they have a special color number) enjoy benefits, and the police simply do not pay attention to minor violations.

Connection

Today, Cuba is served by the only telecom operator - the company ETECSA. The current standard is GSM 900, in some areas GSM 850. You can buy a phone card at any hotel or shop.

Calling from a pay phone abroad is cheaper than from a hotel room (approx. 5 $ per minute of conversation with Moscow). And not every hotel has a telephone with international access.

There are currently 2 ISPs operating on the island.

Safety

As for the safety of staying on the island, threats of various kinds can await you everywhere, despite the fact that Cuba is a fairly safe country. First advice: do not walk after 10 pm in Old Havana. If only because at this time the city lights are turned off. Documents are best kept in the room, in a special safe (if available, of course).

Smoking in public places is strictly prohibited. It is not recommended to give alms to the poor: it is punishable by law.

Beware of the Cuban sun: burns can be obtained even in cloudy weather. Use protective equipment and be sure to cover your head. Be careful when swimming: in the sea, you can easily get hurt by a sea urchin or sharp coral. Jellyfish can be extremely dangerous.

Business climate

The country's two main sources of income are sugar production and tourism. It is the tourism industry that is developing at a rapid pace, attracting more and more foreign investors. In addition, Cuba is a world leader in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.

At the moment, Cuba is in the center of attention of the world business community. Liberty Island impresses with its prospects, but at the same time, it is one of the most closed countries in the world. A huge plus is the absence of taxes for foreign entrepreneurs. Among the minuses are poor infrastructure and the possibility of starting a business exclusively in partnership with a state-owned enterprise. It is not yet possible to register your company in Cuba.

Real estate

One of the most pressing problems in Cuba is housing. Most of the housing stock has long been in need of reconstruction and overhaul. As for buying a home on the island, such an operation is, in general, impossible for an ordinary foreigner. Even with millions of dollars in your pocket, you won't be able to buy a house here. Of course, there is an unofficial real estate market, but, of course, such a purchase has no guarantees. Although the prices are quite reasonable: an apartment in an old panel house can cost from 15 000 $ . And in the provinces - many times less.

• Cubans are generally very cheerful, talkative, sociable and hospitable. But very proud. Of course, they will try to speak to you in English, but if you say at least a few phrases in bad Spanish, the Cuban will definitely love you.
• You should also know some of the traditions of the Cubans if you plan to visit the island of Liberty. In order not to offend a good-natured Cuban, you should never refuse an offer to drink or dine. It is desirable to accompany requests with special appeals: "mi amor", "mi corazon"- talking to a woman amigo, viejo- talking to a man.
• It is forbidden to photograph industrial buildings and military equipment in Cuba, but Cubans themselves, as a rule, willingly pose for the lens. Of course, before capturing the colorful view of the inhabitants of the island, you need to ask permission.

Visa information

Tourists from Russia do not need a visa to Cuba if the period of visiting the country does not exceed 30 days. In order to cross the border of the state, you need to present a passport valid for the duration of your stay in Cuba, 2 copies of the migration card (one of which must be kept until departure from the country), as well as return tickets. It is necessary to have funds at the rate of $ 50 per day for 1 person. This does not apply to tourists using the services of travel agencies.

However, you can take care of a visa in advance by contacting the consular department of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Moscow. Among the documents submitted to the visa department should be a passport (its validity should not expire earlier than 6 months from the date of arrival in the country), copies of round-trip tickets, confirmation of a hotel room reservation (a travel agency voucher or an invitation from a specific person), as well as a photo in size 3x4 cm. The consular fee will be $30 and the visa will be valid for one month.

For more specific information on obtaining a visa to the Republic of Cuba, please contact: 119017, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Ordynka, 66.

"Cuba libre" or Liberty Island. White sand of sunny beaches, endless ocean expanses, vibrant nature, unique architecture, rum and cigars - all this and a little more will tell THERE about Cuba.

General information about Cuba

Location

The free Republic of Cuba is located not far from the shores of the northern and South American continents, separated from them by the waters of the Strait of Florida. The state occupies the islands of Cuba, Youventud and about 1,600 smaller islands with a total area of ​​110,860 km².

The southern coast of the main island of the country faces the waters of the Caribbean Sea, and the northwestern and northeastern beaches are washed by the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.

Population

According to the population department of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the population of the republic in 2017 is 11.4 million people.

Currency

The national currency is the Cuban peso CUP, CUC. At the rate of 1 peso = 1 US dollar.

Useful phone numbers

Phone country code: 53
Phone code for Havana : 7
Call from Cuba: 119 - your country code - area code - phone number.
Call to Cuba: 8 - international call code - Cuba code - area code - phone number.
Embassy of the Russian Federation: (+53 7) 204-10-85
Russian Consulate: (+53 2) 268 61 46

emergency services(Havana):

• Police: 116
• Honey. help: 40-50-93
• Firemen: 78-85-41

On the territory of the country:

• National police: 82-01-16
• Firemen: 81-11-15
• Honey. help: 24-28-11

Payment and exchange in Cuba

In tourist areas, convertible pesos are in circulation. Because of the warm relations between the island communist state and the Empire of Good, which is jealous from the other end of the Florida Strait, it is better not to fly with evergreen presidents on vacation. When exchanging US dollars, you may be charged a commission of 10 to 20%. Therefore, already experienced tourists recommend coming here with the Euro. Interestingly, the non-convertible Cuban peso (CUP) is almost impossible for a tourist to meet.

If it is more convenient for you to use Visa/MasterCard cards, please note that:

• Visa is accepted in more establishments than Mastercard;
• When visiting small shops or cafes, it is better to have cash with you, as there may not be a payment terminal;
• Card transactions are taxed at 11.24%.

tourist memo

A stay in Cuba should be as colorful as possible, you may need to add colors to your everyday wardrobe. You have every chance of becoming a fan of Cuban cigars after visiting their homeland, but smoking in public places is prohibited.

If you meet a cow on the way to the beach or during the excursion, be extremely careful. This animal is sacred to Cubans, and the death of a cow in your presence can lead you to unpleasant conversations with representatives of the local police.

It is also important for a tourist to know that photographing government agencies, military equipment, soldiers, and police officers is prohibited. In addition, before photographing a Cuban, be sure to ask him for permission.

What is the Cuban people like?

Cuba is a multinational and multicultural country where the blood and traditions of the peoples of Africa, Spain, Italy, Britain, Germany, Cuban and American Indian tribes, immigrants from China, France, as well as Jews resettled during the First and Second World Wars, mixed.

Local, friendly people. Do not rush to refuse an offer to play dominoes or share a meal. Do not be surprised if you are asked to have a drink in a cafe at your expense. And if the hotel or hostel staff asks you to leave personal hygiene products (razors, shaving foam, etc.), remember that this is due to the high cost and inaccessibility of the latter for poor citizens.

Security on Cuban soil

The people in the communist republic are friendly, but poor. It is better not to show cash and expensive accessories. Watch your belongings so as not to become a victim of petty scammers and pickpockets. At night, walking in poor areas is not recommended due to the high probability of being attacked.

Climate in Cuba, when is the best time to go

The most favorable time for rest is the period from November to April.

Windsurfers will love it in the summer when the biggest waves rise during the rainy season. The dominance of hurricanes between October and November can overshadow the rest, but in fact you can plan a vacation in Cuba at any time of the year.

Due to the small area, you can go around Cuba in a few weeks of rest. So that you do not miss anything important, our website has prepared for you a list of cities and resorts that you must visit.

Capital Havana is a city of opposites. Here, modern skyscrapers stand next to colonial pre-revolutionary mansions in which ordinary people live. The city is full of architectural monuments and interesting places. Havana dazzles with white beaches, treats with gourmet cuisine and lures with the sounds of salsa. The El Floridita bar, one of Ernest Hemingway's favorite places, deserves special attention. If you are not interested in the bar, visit the writer's house museum and then go to the Roma Museum. For those who are not tired of daytime excursions, it is important to know that closer to the night the city turns into one big disco filled with unbridled energy. It's time to visit the Tropicana cabaret show, which has been famous all over the world since 1939.

Santa Clara

Santa Clara a place memorable for the Cuban revolution, where Comandante Che Guevara derailed the armored train of the dictator Batista. The wreckage of the same train remains at the crash site to this day, they are the pride and attraction for the inhabitants of the country. In addition, a mausoleum named after Ernesto Che Guevara was erected here, and if you are an American citizen, then you may not be allowed into it.

Santiago de Cuba

home of street culture Santiago de Cuba. Music on the streets of the town sounds on every corner. By right, this place is considered the cradle of Cuban melodies and rum, because Don Facundo Bacardi was born here.

Trinidad

If it is interesting to see the island as it was in the 18th century, then the city Trinidad is the best place for it. The authentic atmosphere of this place is amazing. Cobbled roads, colonial-style houses, sugar plantations and relics of the old days, slave houses.

Matanzas

Matanzas the capital of the province of the same name is known for a large number of bridges, for which it was nicknamed the "Cuban Venice". The province of Pinar del Río is interesting to visit, where you can visit the tobacco plantations and admire the views of the Viñales Valley, which received the title of "Cultural Landscape of Humanity" in 1999.

Cuban resorts

Varadero

Varadero- the oldest of the resorts, a popular and truly heavenly place with turquoise ocean waters and snow-white beaches. The resort can be called a classic Russian holiday, everything is always included here. Round-the-clock bars, a buffet table in a restaurant with cuisines from all over the world.

Holguin

Holguin- resort elite business VIP class. Hotels are mostly five-star. Visit this place for the sake of luxury, tranquility and sophistication.

guardavalaca

guardavalaca, one of the best diving resorts, famous for its coral reef. Esmeralda is a place of emerald beaches. For lovers of original parties, it will be interesting to be at the cave disco of Cayo Coco.

juventud

juventud, known as the Island of Youth (located 100 km from the island of Cuba) is interesting for its natural reserves. It is said that R. L. Stevenson described the image of Treasure Island from the landscapes of Youthud.

Cayo Largo

Speaking of pirates, it's hard not to mention La Yana - this is an ancient tree located on the island Cayo Largo. According to legend, it served as a guide for pirates of the Caribbean when they buried their stolen gold.

These are just a few of the places you can visit during your stay in this country. Even if you come to Cuba several times a year for several years, this country will always find something to surprise and entice you.

Entertainment and recreation on Liberty Island

The very thing for which thousands of tourists come to rest every year is diving. The underwater world is interesting not only for its beautiful coral reefs, but also for the many sunken ships off the coast. Windsurfers can catch waves off the sandy shores, those who don't want to (or can't swim) dive into the embrace of the ocean in a submarine.

The main monuments of Cuban architecture are concentrated in several of the most famous cities among tourists. In the capital of Cuba, Havana, you can see many cathedrals, including the Cathedral of St. Christopher. And you better not brag that you have been to Cuba without visiting the Armory, Cathedral and Old Squares of the capital of the state.

Memorial to Che Guevara in Santa Clara, a cigar factory Francisco Donatien» in Pinar del Rio, caves with cave paintings of Mantanas. On the Isle of Youth is a prison Presidio Modelo", which is a copy of the former place of detention of F. Castro, the prison " Joliet"(Illinois). Natural landscapes and national parks more than make up for the small number of architectural sights; many natural areas of Cuba are under the protection of UNESCO.

Coming to rest in the period from July 15 to August 15, be sure to visit the carnivals that take place in Havana and Santiago de Cuba, as these are unforgettable colorful events full of dance music and colorful dresses. And lovers of smoking will be interested to know about the festival of Cuban cigars of international level taking place at the end of February.

And where are we without shopping, because you need to buy something sort of, truly Cuban - cigars, rum and coffee. Black corals and products from them are popular among tourists. In the shopping centers of Havana or in Casa del Habano chain stores, you will not be deceived and will sell goods of good quality.

National Cuban cuisine

Creole cuisine prevails in Cuba. The main national dishes are prepared from pork and chicken. Meat is prepared in many different ways. Among the national dishes cuisine - "Creole ajiako" - one of the main ones. It is prepared from pork and vegetables with the addition of a good portion of spices. Also you should try:

• lobsters with lemon;
• crocodile meat;
• turtle meat and eggs.

Fresh fruit slices are often served with each course. Delicious and strong coffee is brewed. The main national drink is rum, which is part of almost all local cocktails.

Most restaurants are concentrated in resort and tourist areas, it is recommended to visit them with cash. The cost of a meal for one person in a good establishment is from 30 to 40 pesos, simpler establishments will cost no more than 15 pesos, and in an eatery you will leave a maximum of 5 Cuban coins. Tipping is 10% of the check amount and it is better to give it to the waiters. And if you decide to eat in a bar, you are unlikely to succeed. In colorful Cuban bars you have to drink, and from food you will get the most nuts, well, or chips.

Cuban hotels

The most common hotels in Cuba are 4-star hotels, although for those who do not really plan to stay within four walls, there are a sufficient number of 2- and 3-star hotels. But for lovers of luxury, there is not much to choose from, so there are literally a few hotels in 5 stars. Most of the hotels on the island of freedom represent well-known world chains that operate on the "all inclusive" system. Check-in at a hotel in Cuba takes place at 15:00, check-out is registered at 12:00. Cunning Cubans leave themselves three hours to clean the room before the arrival of the next guests, so you can safely make claims if you find unwanted traces of previous guests.

How to get to Cuba

For a convenient and comfortable flight to Cuba, Good THERE recommends using the services of Aeroflot, which organizes permanent, direct flights Moscow-Havana. If residents of Russia will fly non-stop, then citizens of the CIS countries are recommended to fly through Moscow, or through Europe on the appropriate flights.

A direct flight from Moscow lasts about 12 hours, a flight with transfers through Europe from 16 to 20 hours. Ticket prices start at 55,000 rubles per adult. Cheaper can be obtained through the registration of permits. So with accommodation in a three-star hotel for 7 days and nights, the cost of a tour is on average from 60,000 rubles.

Pros and cons of vacationing on a Cuban island

No matter how heavenly place Cuba seems to you, OK THERE recommends paying attention to negative sides holidays in this beautiful country:

• the sun is much more intense and brighter than the inhabitants of the CIS countries and Russia are used to, in order to avoid sunburn, stock up on sunscreens;
• an evening beach holiday can be spoiled by small insects, protective sprays and creams are a must;
• do not drink raw water, and ask for alcoholic drinks chilled without ice, as Cuban water contains many bacteria that are harmful to an unaccustomed tourist;
• beware of marine life: moray eels, sea snakes and urchins and "Portuguese boats";
• be aware of the poverty of the population, which can provoke individuals to want to rob you if you openly show your valuables and cash.

All these are just warnings, because it is better to prepare in advance so that your vacation is not overshadowed by anything, and you can enjoy positive aspects trips:

• feel the atmosphere of freedom;
• enjoy the white sand beaches;
• soak up the cultural spirit of Cuba by visiting festivals and carnivals;
• admire the beauty of Cuban nature;
• try cigars and rum in their homeland;
• dive into the depths of the ocean to view its treasures;
• meet and chat with new people.

A video about Cuba will complement our article

In Cuba, everyone will find something interesting for themselves. Expand your boundaries, the world is not in our apartments and phones. Travel, feel, learn new things. Fine THERE wishes you a pleasant stay on Liberty Island.

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Cuba

Country Description

If you want to soak up paradise while alive, then you will not find a better place than Cuba. Beautiful white sand beaches, clear sea water, coral reefs and shallows for fishing, rich exotic flora and fauna - this is not paradise. Temperamental as the rhythms of "cha-cha-cha", bright as the plumage of a hummingbird, elegant as an orchid flower, Cuba has always attracted thousands of tourists. But Cuba is not only magnificent nature, it is, first of all, friendly and hospitable Cubans and a deep history. Many cities still keep the traces and spirit of the Spanish conquerors, the memory of the corsair raids. The world famous resort of Varadero is located 140 km from Havana on the Atlantic coast. The surroundings of Varadero are very picturesque, and many kilometers of white sandy beaches and azure ocean waters attract thousands of tourists here.

Cuba! A magical island separating the Atlantic from the Caribbean Sea, the bottom of which is literally covered with treasures... A neighbor of Haiti, Jamaica and Mexico, it attracts not only tropical exoticism, but also the special flavor of the island's life, warmth, openness and hospitality of the locals. Every day is a carnival here. There is no heat here, the caressing breeze from the ocean pleasantly cools. There are even no animals dangerous to humans. Here the crocodiles are only in the form of a roast. And countless fish, birds, shellfish become not only a delicacy for gourmets, but also the subject of an exciting hunt. The resulting prey can always be "washed" - with the world's best fiery cane drink - rum ... Kilometers of the finest white sand and azure blue ocean waters seem to be specially created for a world-class resort. People did the rest: in tourism there is a large share of Spanish capital and therefore the service meets the highest requirements. It all starts already at the airport: from it you will be delivered to the chosen hotel in luxurious vintage cars.

Geography

Area - 110992 sq. km.
The highest point is Turquino Peak 1974 m.
The longest river is Cauto 370 km.

Cuba is located in the West Indies, at the junction of North, Central and South America. According to its configuration, the territory of Cuba, stretching from west to east for 1250 km, is often compared with a lizard, the body of which is facing the Atlantic, and the tail is located at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. The distance from Cuba to the United States at the narrowest point of the Florida Strait is 180 km, to the island of Haiti through the Windward Strait - 77 km, to the island of Jamaica through the Strait of Colon - 140 km, to Mexico through the Yucatan Strait - 210 km.

The island is 1200 km long and 210 km wide at its widest point. The Cuban archipelago covers an area of ​​110,992 square kilometers and has more than 300 natural beaches covered with white sand and surrounded by crystal clear waters. The most famous beach in Cuba is Varadero. The landscapes of Cuba are very diverse. There are valleys, mountains and hills here. The main mountain ranges of the country are the Cordillera de Guaniguanico in the west, the Escambray in the center and the Sierra Maestra in the east. In the mountains of the Sierra Maestra, there is also the highest mountain in the country, Turquino Peak (1974 m above sea level). The rest of the island is a fertile plain. On the island you can admire the many caves. Most of the rivers in Cuba are small but very fast flowing. Rivers flow down from the mountains, forming beautiful waterfalls. Of particular interest are the Agabama and Salto del Carbuni waterfalls. The longest river in Cuba is Cauto (about 370 km), which flows in the eastern part of the island. There are many reservoirs and lakes in Cuba. Amateurs come here - ornithologists, because Cuba is a place of migration of resettled birds.

Time

Behind Moscow for 8 hours.

Climate

The climate of Cuba is tropical trade wind. Warm currents, observed in the waters washing the country, and constant northeast winds make the climate mild. The coldest month is January, when the daytime air temperature reaches +25..+27 degrees, and at night there is about 16..18 degrees of heat. The hottest month is August. During it, in the daytime, the air warms up to +30..+32 degrees, and at night it is quite warm - +20..+22 degrees. Relative humidity is high (70-75%) throughout the year, so the heat is especially hard to bear in summer.

The average annual rainfall in Cuba varies from 860 mm in the southeast of the island to 1700 mm in its western part. From May to November, the rainy season is established in Cuba. At this time, especially from August to November, strong tropical hurricanes arise in the Caribbean region, which then go to Florida. The rainiest months are June and October, when 180 to 200 mm of precipitation falls per month. On the coast, the water temperature in winter is about +24 degrees, in summer it warms up to +28 degrees.

Language

The official language is Spanish. However, hotel staff will answer you in English, German, Italian.

Religion

The majority of believers are Catholics (47%), Protestants (4%) and adherents of the so-called "santeria" - a syncretic cult based on African pagan beliefs, mixed with the cult of some Christian saints. The church is separated from the state, freedom of religion is constitutionally guaranteed.

Population

The population is about 11.4 million people. The majority of the population (about 2/3) are descendants of immigrants from Spain, the rest are blacks, mulattos, mestizos, there is also a fairly large Chinese colony on the island. The indigenous population of Cuba was completely destroyed during the years of the development of the island by the Spaniards. The Spanish colonists needed a lot of labor to work on the plantations and they began to import slaves from central Africa. Over 1 million African slaves were imported by the Spaniards in 350 years. For the same reason, between 1853 and 1874, more than 125,000 Chinese were brought into Cuba from Asia. Until now, in Havana, "China Town" has been preserved. In addition, Indian slaves were imported, but in small quantities, from the Yucatan, Central and South America. An intensive flow of emigrants was from Spain, Germany, France and Britain.

Cuba received a huge number of emigrants from neighboring islands: 250,000 arrived from the Antilles - Haiti and Jamaica. 850 thousand immigrants arrived from Spain, but not all of them remained to live in Cuba. At the beginning of the 20th century, many Americans settled in Cuba, who created their colonies on about. Pinos. There were very strong waves of emigration to Cuba during and after the First and Second World Wars. First of all, Jews moved here. The Cuban nation thus absorbed the features of the peoples of the whole world. Today, the population of Cuba is 11 million people. According to official sources, the composition of the population of Cuba is as follows: 65% - whites, 12% - blacks, 22% - mulattoes.

Electricity

Mains voltage: 220V

Emergency Phones

National Police: 82-0116
Fire brigade: 81-1115
Ambulance: 24-2811

Connection

For telephone conversations within the city, pay phones are used, working both on coins and on cards (much less often). To call from a "coin" machine, coins of 5 and 20 centavos are required. Calling other cities or provinces is difficult. International telephone calls are carried out exclusively from Telecorreos telephone exchanges, which are available in almost all major hotels. To call, you need a special card of 10 or 25 USD (sold by the hotel administrator). Connection statistics and its cost are displayed on the phone display. One minute of an international telephone call costs about 6.5 USD. Cellular communications and Internet telephony are poorly developed.

To call Cuba, dial 8 - 10 - 53 -<код города> - <номер абонента>. Codes of some cities and provinces: Varadero - 5, Villa Clara - 42, Havana - 7, Granma - 23, Guantanamo - 21, Camaguey - 32, Las Tunas - 31, Matanzas - 52, Holguin - 24, Pinar del Rio - 82, Playa Larga - 59, Sancti Spiritus - 41, Santiago de Cuba - 226, Ciego de Avila - 33, Cienfuegos - 432, Topes de Collantes - 2, Trinidad - 419, Juventud Island - 61.

Currency exchange

In Cuba, for foreign tourists (one might say) only dollars go. No one pays attention to the dilapidation of banknotes. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that when you change, you may be given a so-called convertible peso. This type of peso is equal to the dollar 1:1. This is a new Cuban banknote that has nothing to do with the "wooden" Cuban pesos. In order not to get into a mess, the convertible peso should have “convertible” written on it. As a rule, they are given in small denominations: 1.5, 10. The exchange rate of the old Cuban peso to the US dollar is approximately 1:25. The Cuban convertible coin also circulates on par with the American cent. Often you will be hit back by both. Credit cards are also in use: VISA, EUROCARD, etc. Due to the political situation, AMERICAN EXPRESS cards are prohibited. You can exchange currency in Cuba at banks and many hotels. When exchanging dollars, a commission fee of 10% of the exchanged amount is charged.

Visa

Citizens of the Russian Federation do not need a visa to visit Cuba for the purpose of tourism for a period not exceeding 30 days. When entering the country, a foreign passport is required, the validity of which must be at least 6 months after the end date of the trip, a return ticket, hotel booking confirmation, an immigration card in 2 copies. When leaving the country, an airport tax is charged, usually equal to 15-20 Cuban pesos. $1=0.93 CUC.

Customs regulations

In accordance with the customs legislation of Cuba, duty-free import of 200 pieces is allowed into the country. cigarettes or 250g of tobacco, 1 liter of spirits, 250ml of eau de toilette or 50ml of perfume. The import of narcotic and psychotropic substances, weapons and ammunition, pornographic products, auto parts is prohibited. The export of animals and birds, sea shells, valuable wood, items of historical and cultural value is prohibited. To export cigars, you must have a receipt from the store and the original packaging. Import and export of foreign currency is not limited. Amounts over 5 thousand dollars are subject to mandatory declaration. The export of national currency is allowed within 100 pesos. When leaving the country, an airport tax is charged.

Holidays and non-working days

National holidays:
January 1 - New Year and Liberation Day
May 1 - Labor Day
July 26 - Day of the start of the National Uprising
October 10 - Anniversary of the start of the Cuban War of Independence
December 25 - Christmas

Carnivals, festivals, holidays:
Carnivals in Havana, Varadero, Santiago de Cuba - February
International Jazz Festival in Havana - February
Cuban Cigar Festival in Havana - February
Varadero Electroacoustic Music Festival - April
Fair in Holguin - May
Havana International Guitar Festival - May
Feast of Saint Juan in Trinidad - June
Chariot Carnival in Havana - June-August
Celebration of Hispanic American Culture in Holguin - October
Havana Latin American Film Festival - December

Transport

Municipal transport in the country is quite dilapidated, there are few buses and they often break down, so tourists are not recommended to use public transport. The main city transport is the bus ("va-va"). There are 2 types of buses - "sitting", where the number of passengers is clearly limited by the number of seats, and ordinary cars, which are often packed to capacity. There are no timetables at all, traffic routes are often not marked either. The fare is 1-2 CUP.

For transportation, it is recommended to use the so-called "tourist taxis", which are fairly modern cars with a radiotelephone and air conditioning. Payment is made only in dollars (approximately 2 USD for 1.5-2 km.). A tourist taxi can be ordered from any hotel or by phone, while the movement of the car is constantly monitored by operators, which ensures safety. Ordinary taxis, which pay in pesos, use quite old cars and there are not many of them. Many private traders make money by "carrying", especially in Varadero and other resort areas. Their prices are somewhat lower than those of state-owned companies, but there is no guarantee either.

The resort of Varadero is served by "shuttles", whose drivers are quite reliable, as well as tourist buses with a ticket for 4 CUC or EUR for the whole day. On this bus, having bought a ticket once, you can ride all day, getting off at any stop and getting on at any stop an unlimited number of times.

Tips

In restaurants, it is customary to leave a tip of 10% of the amount indicated on the bill.

The shops

As souvenirs and gifts, of course, it is better to purchase coral products and jewelry in combination with silver. Also good are the guayabera (tropical shirt), folk percussion instruments, artistic fabrics, embroidery and lace, as well as tortoiseshell products, especially bracelets and hairpins (beware of fakes!). Be sure to buy Cuban rum and real Cuban cigars, among which the most highly valued brands are Bolivar, Coiba, Montecristo, Partagas, Punch, Ramon Allones, Sancho Panza, J. Upmann "," Romeo and Juliet "and" Trinidad ". Shops are open from 9.00 to 18.00 (some until 20.00) on weekdays, on Saturdays - from 9.00 to 15.00 (some until 18.00). Supermarkets and shops in resort areas are usually open from 10.00 to 20.00. Most small shops have a separate opening hours. Almost all shops close for "siesta" around noon.

National cuisine

The basis of the Cuban diet is rice and black beans, pork and chicken. Cubans are not very fond of vegetables, but they love fruits, there are a lot of them and they are always fresh. Very tasty mango and banana. Baked bananas in Cuban cuisine come from African slaves. "Fufu" is bananas mixed with other ingredients. Chatinos - a light appetizer for an aperitif, also prepared on the basis of platanos. Cuban cuisine originated from the combined influence of Spanish and African traditions. The national dish is "el ajiaco" - soup-stew with root vegetables and various vegetables, usually cooked with pork. The taste depends on the type of root vegetables and the spices used. Other typical dishes are skewers of pork, fried banana chips ("tachinos", "chatinos" or "tostones"), black beans, oriental congri (rice with red beans), moros and christianos (rice with black beans), chopped steak in Havana, tamales, bakanes or ayacas (made from tender corn). If you order fruit juices, make sure they are freshly made. If your funds are limited, in the snack bars you will be offered a set lunch at a fixed price, you will choose the dishes yourself. Ice cream is very popular. There are many small restaurants right at the home of the Cubans, where you can eat for about $4. Speaking of cuisine, one cannot ignore Cuban coffee, which Cubans drink in large quantities throughout the day. Cuban coffee is very strong and sweet. There are many cafes in the cities where you can taste various infusions, decoctions and other drinks. Cubans put a lot of sugar in all drinks. The most popular alcoholic drink is rum. The most famous brand of rum is Havana Club. There are three varieties: Carta Oro (gold), Carta Blanca (white) and Anejo (old), which differ in aging. Cubans' favorite rum is Anejo (about $8 a bottle).

Attractions

Havana- administrative, political, cultural, scientific, as well as the main tourist center of the country, a cosmopolitan province. Havana is visited annually by more than half of all foreign tourists coming to the country. Its main charm is the city itself with its variety of architecture, wide avenues and famous boulevards, and in particular its historic center, declared in 1982 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The starting point of the tour can be El Templete- a small neoclassical chapel built in 1828 on the site where the city is supposed to have been founded; Armory Square(Plaza de Armas), Cathedral Square(Plaza de la Catedral) and Old Square(Plaza Vieja), around which magnificent old buildings and structures are grouped, which at one time were part of the walled city. Memorial to Jose Marti was opened in 1996, it houses various relics, original objects, documents and engravings related to the life and work of the apostle of the Cuban revolution. At the top of the obelisk - a concrete, marble-lined tower 138.5 meters above sea level - is the highest observation deck in the capital. More than 47 thousand exhibits are stored in the funds Palace of Fine Arts, which, after careful work on expansion, reorganization and restoration, is now considered one of the most significant among such institutions in the world. National Botanical Garden covers an area of ​​600 hectares. It is divided into 18 zones, and about a fifth of it is devoted to local plants. One of the main attractions - Japanese garden, donated by the government of this country in 1989 and created by the master of garden art Yoshikuni Arake.

Provinces Santiago de Cuba has two features that make it unique: it is its hospitable, cheerful and carefree people and rich cultural and historical heritage. The main city of the province, founded in 1514, is of great originality, and its most important feature is a magnificent bay surrounded by high mountains, over which reigns fortress of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro, in 1997 proclaimed by UNESCO - Heritage of Humanity. A similar status has recently been given to the system of agro-industrial facilities and the remains of more than a hundred coffee plantations in the area of ​​​​Mount Gran Piedra, which were created by the French who fled Haiti. Cespedes Square is the busiest place in the city. The square is surrounded by buildings of great architectural and historical value: House Museum of Diego Velasquez, City Cathedral, former ayuntamiento- the city council, where the provincial government is now located, and the Casa Granda Hotel. The only stepped street in Cuba Padre Pico street, is a natural viewing platform. Here is the boundary between the upper and lower parts of the city. The street descends to the Tivoli area, where the famous Santiago carnival is held. The castle of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro is a Roman-style military building with two blind ditches and two symmetrical three-tiered bastions where cannons were installed. Its construction began in the 16th century and was completed two centuries later. Now here is Museum of Piracy.

Trinidad de Cuba- a city-museum of colonial architecture, declared by UNESCO as a heritage of mankind and a cultural monument of world importance. The city was founded in 1514 by Diego Velasquez. The main cities of the province Sancti Spiritus and Santisima Trinidad de Cuba are two of the first seven cities founded by the Spanish conquistadors on the island. Times have changed, but Trinidad itself is still the same as it was 2 centuries ago with its baroque churches, red-tiled roofs, paving stones and wrought iron railings. It is especially recommended to pay attention to Romantic Museum, Museum of Architecture, Archaeological Museum, Museum of Fighting Bandits, Museum of Natural Sciences "Alexander Humboldt" and Archaeological Museum "Guamuaya".

Matanzas - the main city of the province - called Cuban Athens, as it is the land of poets, or Cuban Venice - due to the fact that the city is crossed by two rivers - Yumuri and San Juan, through which five bridges are thrown for the convenience of pedestrians and transport - and guests will it is interesting to get acquainted with the rich cultural heritage of this calm city, which has grown up on the shores of a huge bay. In the southern part of the province is Zapata Peninsula- a real paradise for lovers of ecological tourism, but in addition, they will undoubtedly be delighted by the fabulously beautiful Yumuri Valley and the banks of the Kanimar River, which can be admired from bridge bacunayagua- pearls of Cuban engineering, this bridge, with a height of 110 m, is the highest in the country. Vigia Square is the place where the city was founded, from where it began its growth. The area is surrounded by architecturally interesting buildings - Theater "Sauto", Palace-Museum Junko, fire station building and others. Freedom Square(Plaza de la Libertad) - the city's second Armory Square, which overlooks the White Concert Hall, named after the famous black violinist Jose White, the Triolet Pharmaceutical Museum and Government House. On the western shore of Matanzas Bay rises Castle of San Severino. Due to its size, it is considered one of the most important Spanish fortresses in the Americas. In the vicinity of the city of Matanzas are the caves of Bellamar. About 30 rooms have been studied, where large rock paintings, fossils and traces of the habitation of people who lived here 1,600 years ago were found.

Resorts

Varadero- the main area of ​​the Cuban archipelago, attracting those who prefer holidays by the sea, enjoys well-deserved international fame. This resort on the Hicacos Peninsula has more than 20 km of beaches covered with fine white sand and washed by the sea, which shimmers in a variety of shades of blue; one fifth of its territory is part of the ecological reserves. In addition, there are many caves, picturesque slopes and lagoons on the peninsula; along the coast stretches a series of virgin and easily accessible islets. Features of Varadero are complemented by its cultural, historical and natural attractions, closely connected with the neighboring cities of Matanzas and Cardenas and the biosphere reserve "Cienaga de Zapata", as well as a number of modern comfortable hotels and a wide infrastructure of service industries.

province in the northeast of the country Holguin famous for being the region where the discovery of Cuba took place. Admiral Christopher Columbus first set foot on the land of the island in a place called Cayo Bariai, where a memorial complex now exists. It was October 27, 1492. The province's capital city of the same name is also called the City of Squares; here you can feel a strong Spanish influence, its straight streets indicate that it was built according to a strict plan. The city has an active cultural life, especially in May, when the May Fair takes place, and in October, when the Festival of Iberoamerican Culture is celebrated. With more than 40 kilometers of coastline, there are 41 beaches, among which foreign tourists give particular preference to the beaches of Guardalavaca, Playa Esmeralda and Playa Pesquero, with exceptionally beautiful seabed. This province also contains Banes, which is considered the archaeological capital of Cuba, since more traces of aboriginal habitation have been found here than anywhere else in the archipelago. Among the 22 bays available in the province of Holguin is one of the largest in the world and in Cuba - Nipe Bay. But also on the territory of the province there are forests and hills with steep slopes and massive peaks.

Cayo Largo- a small group of islands located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea, 177 km from Havana and 170 km from Varadero. It serves as a refuge for hundreds of tropical birds: flamingos, hummingbirds, gray herons and many others. Both Havana and Varadero have a direct air connection. From other tourist spots in Cuba, you can also book a special tour here. You can get around the island on foot, by bike or by car. The waters of the Caribbean Sea are warmer than the waters of the Atlantic Ocean off the northern coast of Cuba, which leads to a richer marine life off the coast of the island. The tourist infrastructure has everything you need to enjoy your stay on this paradise island. Here you can visit a turtle farm and just a beach where sea turtles lay their eggs.

Cayo Coco- the fourth largest island of Cuba, the main tourist island of the archipelago Jardines del Rey (Royal Gardens). It is connected to the main island by a 17-kilometer dam road passing through the Bay of Dogs. Before the advent of tourism infrastructure, Cayo Coco was known mainly for the beautiful pineapples that grow here. To the north, magnificent beaches stretch not even with white sand, but with snow-white. In addition to the beaches of coral origin, considered perhaps the best in the entire Caribbean, there are amazing conditions for diving, fishing and water sports. The small island is a permanent home for flamingos, white ibises, pelicans, herons, wryneck cormorants and vultures. Near the island of Cayo Coco, a little to the west is Cayo Guillermo island. This island is also connected to the "mainland" through a bulk dam.

Island Cayo Santa Maria is located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the islands of Cayo Coco and Cayo Guillermo and is located opposite the northern coast of the province of Villa Clara. The island is connected to the mainland by a 48.6 km long causeway. The distance to the international airport of Santa Clara is about 110 km and 386 km to Havana. The location of Santa Maria is unique. You can combine relaxing beach time with active culture and entertainment. Near the island of Cayo Santa Maria are small islands Las Brujas and Ensenchos. All three islands have beautiful beaches with soft white sand and very clear water. Their attractive surroundings are great places for fishing, diving, water sports and boat trips along the channels that separate the islets. On the island of Las Brujas there is an airport where planes of local airlines from Havana arrive. On the island of Cayo Santa Maria there is a hotel of the Spanish group SOL MELIA: SOL CAYO SANTA MARIA 4 *, ALL INCLUSIVE.

Coast Playa Esmeralda is located in the east of the island of Cuba, in the province of Holguin. The highest mountain peak of Cuba is located here and it is here that the most diverse nature is located: more than a hundred beaches, many caves, rivers, mountains, waterfalls and natural springs. It was on this coast that the historic meeting of the sailors of Columbus with the Tainos Indians took place. The province of Holguin produces the best Cuban beer, the best fishing, the best diving, the most beautiful places. On the beaches of Playa Esmeralda you can practice almost all kinds of water sports. Among them are windsurfing, sailing, water biking, snorkelling. Diving is especially popular - in the Playa Esmeralda area there are about 20 dive sites.