The lake basin has an oval shape. The height above sea level is 10 meters, and the total area is 34 square kilometers. The bottom of the lake is flat. It is covered with a thick layer of silt (up to 9 meters), the upper part of which, up to 10 centimeters thick, has healing properties. The depth of the reservoir during the period of maximum filling reaches a maximum of 60 centimeters. Salt Lake is fed by rain and groundwater.
Black medicinal muds are located closer to the central part of the reservoir, and steel-gray clays are developed along its banks. Samples of mud, brine and mud solutions taken in the center and near the shores of the lake showed the suitability of the mud for medicinal use.
The wildlife of the reserve is represented by amphibians and reptiles. The lake is on the route of migratory birds. Among the mammals, the lake basin is inhabited by insectivores and rodents. The water is home to a relic of the Sarmatian Sea - a small gill-footed crustacean "Artemia salina".
Lake Bald Liman
Lake Lysyy Liman stretches along the border of the Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Kalmykia. The water in the lake is salty; it is located in the central part of the Kuma-Manych depression, 13 kilometers from the village of Kevyudy. Today Bald Liman is located at 17 meters above sea level, the lake is 8 kilometers long and 2.6 kilometers wide. But in ancient times, on the site of a relict lake, there was a gigantic strait between the Caspian and the Black Sea - the remnants of this ancient strait are the numerous lakes of the Manych group, including Lysy Liman.
The Manych River flows into and out of the flowing lake; the size of the territory it occupies varies depending on the waters that feed it, the average is 800 hectares. Bald Liman is surrounded by flat terrain overgrown with steppe grasses, and the lake vegetation is represented by traditional cattails, reeds, and reeds.
Bald Liman is a place loved by fishermen; commercial fisheries (pike, pike perch, and perch) are also carried out here. More than seventeen species of birds live on the lake.
Lushnikovskoye Lake
Like Salt Lake, Lushnikovskoye is a relic, that is, the remnant of a reservoir that connected the Caspian Sea with the Black Sea in prehistoric times. Lushnikovskoye has the same properties as Salt Lake.
Zoological reserve. Established for the purpose of preserving and reproducing rare and valuable species of wildlife. This is a nesting place for birds, as well as a resting place on their migration route. The fauna is represented by mammals (black muskrat, raccoon dog, fox, brown hare), birds (avocet and stilt sandpiper, which are listed in the Red Book of Russia, gray crane, mallard, gray duck, firebuck, mute swan, teal -whistlebird, teal, bittern, heron, waders, gray partridge, pheasant).
Lake Kravtsovo
The basin of the lake is oval in shape. The height above sea level is 550 meters and the area is 0.68 square kilometers.
The reserve is hydrological, designed to preserve and restore the ecological system of Lake Kravtsovo, preserve the flora and fauna of the relict wetland ecosystems of the forest-steppe. The vegetation is typical of both open natural reservoirs and swamps. The water surface is a resting place for migratory birds, and the eastern and southern parts are nesting places for waterfowl. The bottom sediments contain peat and silt with spores of plants that grew here in past centuries. Also found there were two species of diatoms typical of peat bogs: Tabellaria flaccata and Eunotia minor.
Lake Dadynskoye
The height above sea level is 13 meters and the area is 31.5 square kilometers. Depth - 2 meters.
The lake is located on the territory of a xerophytic semi-desert steppe. The steppe is distinguished by individual low, gently undulating hills and shallow depressions occupied by salt marshes, swamps and lakes. The banks are low and steep, where dense thickets of reeds grow.
Common breeding species in this area include: little and great grebes, great cormorant, Dalmatian pelican, great bittern, yellow heron, great and little egrets, gray heron, red-headed heron, mallard, gadwall, shoveler, red-billed pochard and many others. A large number of birds concentrate here on migration and wintering. Fishing is also developed on the lake.
Sights of Stavropol
Proletarskoye Reservoir is a reservoir on the Western Manych River in the Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Kalmykia in Russia. It is formed by the Novo-Manych dam. Filled in 1939-1941. The Proletarskoe reservoir extends from the mouth of the Sredny Yegorlyk River from northwest to southeast for 430 km, maximum depth 4.5 m, average depth 2.6 m. A large reservoir with a labyrinth of estuaries and shallow bays in the north coast. Reed thickets are developed only in desalinated areas in ravines and near the Novo-Manych dam. The city of Proletarsk is located on the reservoir. Crucian carp, roach, pike perch, pike, carp, perch, bream, and dace are found in the reservoir.
Lake Kravtsovo is a relict reservoir with ancient flora and fauna. The length of the lake is 1.5 km, width - 580 m. It is located at an altitude of 560 meters above sea level. It is the main object of the Kravtsovo Lake state nature reserve. The lake is fed by atmospheric and groundwater. In the northern part of the basin in which the lake is located, there are small springs, the water of which flows into the lake. The lake is inhabited by carp, silver carp, perch, and roach.
The Sengileevskoe reservoir is located 18 km from the city of Stavropol, in the Sengileevskaya basin of the Stavropol Upland at an altitude of 200 meters above sea level. The reservoir was created in 1958 on the site of the “Fish Lake”. The area of the reservoir is 42 km². Maximum depth - 32 m. Maximum length - 10.5 km. The maximum width is 5.7 km. Provides water supply to the city of Stavropol, fish farming, and watering of the river. Egorlyk, accumulation of part of the flow of the Nevinnomyssk Canal during the high-water period of the year. The reservoir is rich in fish: shemaya, vimba, bluefish, bream, bester, Sevan khramulya, grass carp, common silver carp, bighead carp, pike perch, catfish, ram, crucian carp, roach, carp, mirror carp, perch, rotan, gudgeon.
Bolshoy Zelenchuk is a river in the North Caucasus, a left tributary of the Kuban. The length of the river is 158 km. It flows through Karachay-Cherkessia, Stavropol and Krasnodar territories. It originates from the sources - Psysh (from Mount Pshish, 3790 m), Kizgych and Arkhyz from the northern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range. In the upper reaches is the village of Arkhyz, which is a place of recreation and pilgrimage for tourists of various backgrounds and directions. On the left bank is one of the parts of the Teberda Nature Reserve. In the village of Nizhny Arkhyz there is an architectural monument, the Arkhyz ancient settlement, and not far from the village there is the RAS observatory. The left tributary is the Kyafar River. At the village of Zelenchukskaya the river comes out onto a densely populated plain. It flows into the Kuban near the city of Nevinnomyssk. The river is inhabited by trout, chub, catfish, bream, and perch.
Kalaus is a Russian river in the North Caucasus in the Stavropol Territory. The Kalaus River originates on the Sultan Heights, from the slope of Mount Bryk, flows along the Stavropol Upland and is a left tributary of the Western Manych)