Losiny Ostrov National Park is located in Moscow and the Moscow region. Losiny Island consists of two forest parks - Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky - within the capital and four forest parks located in the Moscow region.

Work on planting pine trees has been carried out on the territory of Losinoostrovsky Park for more than 115 years, since then this amazing place has turned into a real coniferous forest.

The idea of ​​​​creating a national park in this area was proposed more than a century ago, however, the park itself was created only in 1983. Losiny Island included protected hunting grounds that once belonged to the last of the Romanovs.

This is one of the first national parks of our homeland and the largest forest area within the capital of Russia.

Flora and fauna of Losinoostrovsky National Park

A large area of ​​the national park is occupied by vast coniferous forests, birch forests, broad-leaved forests, meadows and swamps. This pristine nature in its natural state in the recreational area of ​​the park is complemented by tree plantings, meadows and ponds. The most unique object on the territory of Losiny Island is Alekseevskaya Grove. It is a section of forest, most of which is coniferous trees, about 250 years old. On the territory of Alekseevskaya Grove there is a historical and archaeological complex called “Tsar’s Hunt”.

The fauna of this protected corner of nature is also amazing. Rare animals live here: moose, sika deer, beavers and many others. Birds nesting on the territory of Losiny Island are considered to be among the rarest in the Moscow region.

Attractions

A national park is not only protected forests and recreation areas. This place preserves a piece of Russian rural life. In the picturesque old estate there is a museum “Russian Life”, which presents archaeological finds and household items of people who lived in the 19th-20th centuries. The exhibits of the Tsar's Hunt museum introduce visitors to the historical complex to the life and characteristics of various types of Russian hunting: hound, falcon, etc.

To make exploring the nature of Losiny Island more interesting and exciting, there are several excursion routes throughout the park, along which you will unravel all the mysteries of the local nature and also learn the history of Muscovy. The most popular route among others is the “Such a Familiar Forest” trail. The dense spruce forest creates the atmosphere of a dense fairy-tale forest and it is impossible to believe that civilization is in full swing nearby. After all, from here it’s only two kilometers to the busy Moscow highway (Yaroslavskoye Highway).

Elks are the main attraction of the national park.

The Elk Biological Station is located next to the ranger section of Losiny Ostrov. Here you can meet the living

Nature reserves are not always located in the far corners of the country. To get to Losiny Ostrov National Park, Muscovites don’t even have to travel far from the city!

Losiny Island- a national park located in close proximity to a large metropolis. It consists of several forest parks: Alekseevsky, Mytishchi, Yauzsky, Losinoostrovsky, Losino-Pogonny and Shchelkovsky. It is a relatively small object compared to other reserves in Russia: its area is 116 km, but this fact does not detract from its significance.

About the reserve

Since the park is very visited, there are 3 zones: a sports zone, a walking zone and a specially protected zone where entry is prohibited.

Losiny Island is a specially protected area of ​​federal significance, so not everything that is allowed in other parks can be done here.

In addition to the recreational function, the national park also deals with:

1) Scientific activities

2) Security activities

3) Forestry activities

Where is

Located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, at the intersection of the urban districts of Balashikha, Korolev, Shchelkovsky district and Mytishchi.

Story

The history of Losiny Island began several centuries ago. In 1406, Losiny Island was part of the Taininsky palace volost, which extended east of the Trinity Road (now Yaroslavl Highway), and, according to many documents, was a favorite place for falconry and bear hunting of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the “Sovereign's Hunting Path” was formed - a royal hunting area with a special, reserved status. The Tsar, together with foreign ambassadors, often liked to organize falcon and hound hunts for all kinds of game here, as well as driven hunts for moose.

This territory forms the historical core of Losiny Island. This area was called Alekseevskaya Grove; a hunting palace and ponds were built in it. Unfortunately, the palace estate has not survived to this day, but the topography of the land and the garden layout have preserved its features. Now these are the 38th, 39th and 40th blocks of the Alekseevsky Forest Park.

At the end of the 18th century, this forest area under the name “Sovereign Reserve Grove” was transferred to the state department; hunting here was prohibited to all persons without exception.

Attention to Losiny Island began to decrease with the founding of St. Petersburg, which affected its condition: the wastelands began to be overgrown with forest, protected groves were cut down for the needs of the peasants of neighboring villages and hamlets. But in 1804, the protection of forest lands was again intensified.

In 1805, Losiny Island was classified as a protected forest and a strict protection regime was established here.

In 1822, the forest area was divided into 55 blocks by clearings; a high boundary rampart encircled it along the entire border.

The beginning of organized forestry on the territory of Losiny Island was laid by the forest management of 1842, one of the first forest management in Russia, when work was carried out according to the rules of “forest” science. The total area of ​​the massif was then determined to be 6337 hectares.

From 1842 to 1912, several forest revisions were carried out, the last of which divided Losiny Island into four parts: a dacha park, a national park, a reserve and an operational part.

After the revolution, even during the years of the fuel crisis, the collection of firewood in this territory was prohibited, and Losiny Island itself was included by the Moscow Council in the category of especially valuable forest areas. In 1920, Losiny Island was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Petrovsko-Razumovskaya (now Timiryazevskaya) Agricultural Academy. From 1922 to 1925, the massif was administered by the Moscow Forestry Institute, then by the Central Forestry Experimental Station as a base for research work. In 1931, the territory became part of the forests of the 50-kilometer green belt around Moscow; later it was defined as intended exclusively for environmental protection and forest park purposes.

Even during the Great Patriotic War, forest planting did not stop on Losiny Island. Forestry here is associated with the names of many enthusiasts: forester D.N. Marinin and landscape architect M.P. Korzhev, forester and great expert on the fauna of the Moscow region V.G. Barkov put a lot of work into preserving and increasing the forest wealth of Losiny Island.

Many features of the natural Central Russian nature have been preserved to this day on Losiny Island. This is a kind of natural museum, where all the diversity of flora and fauna of the near Moscow region is presented.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of such a unique natural complex, and therefore the most important task today is to develop measures for its further conservation and rational use for educational and recreational purposes.

Flora

More than 500 species of vascular plants have been registered on the territory of Losiny Island. The trees growing in the reserve are typical of the area: 46% of the forest area is birch, 22% is pine, 16% is spruce, 13% is linden and 3% is oak.

Fauna

6 species of birds listed in the Red Book live here. These are the gray shrike, white-tailed eagle, osprey, red-breasted goose, greater spotted eagle, and black stork.

And also 44 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 9 amphibians, 5 reptiles, 19 fish.

Peculiarities

One of the first national parks in Russia.

Despite the fact that the reserve is located not far from the city, moose still live here and sometimes come out onto the roadway.

The park is home to timid squirrels, which you can feed by hand.

20 years ago, sika deer could be found in the recreation area. Now they have been taken deeper into the reserve to avoid extermination by poachers.

In ancient times, the forests northeast of Moscow were a favorite place for royal hunting and falconry. The first sovereign of All Rus', Ivan the Terrible, loved to go bear hunting here. A little later, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich established the “Government’s Hunting Path” on these lands - a hunting area with a special, reserved and protective status. Mere mortals here were forbidden to catch animals and birds, cut down trees, pick berries, or build houses.

And at a time when there were almost no animals left in other forests near Moscow, elk still lived in these places. This fact partly explains the wonderful name “Losiny Ostrov”. Why an island? It’s just that in the old days this was the name given to forests located between villages and fields; moreover, Losiny Ostrov was surrounded by a deep ditch filled with water.

The territory of Losiny Ostrov remained royal possessions until the revolution; even the Yaroslavl railway line laid nearby in 1860 did not disturb the natural balance of the reserve, and all the diversity of flora and fauna was preserved.

In 1842, when the territory of the park was just over 6 thousand hectares, the beginning of organized forestry was laid. All work here began to be carried out according to the rules of “forest science”.

Forest audits carried out in the period 1842-1912 led to the division of Losiny Ostrov into 4 parts:

• a park;
• suburban village;
• reserve;
• operational zone.

The Losiny Ostrov State National Park received its status only in 1983 and has retained it to this day, remaining a most valuable natural monument.

Today it is divided into three zones:

1. Reserve, where nature is preserved in an untouched form. It is a habitat for rare wild animals and birds, so it is not only closed to visitors, but also protected;

2. educational excursion, through which there are several ecological and tourist routes, which can be walked accompanied by a guide. There are 4 visitor centers here;

3. Recreational, serving as a place of mass recreation.

Losiny Ostrov stretches from Sokolniki Park to the cities of Balashikha, Shchelkovo, Korolev and Mytishchi, occupying 12 thousand hectares, only two-thirds of which are outside the Moscow Ring Road. It is only 8 km from the Kremlin to the southwestern border of the park. Its length from north to south is 10 km, and from west to east – as much as 22 km.

In the very center of Losiny Ostrov, not far from Mytishchi, there is a swamp; it is from here that the Yauza River takes its source, the floodplain of which is often flooded. In addition to the Yauza, many rivers and streams flow through the reserve, forming an entire water network. Once upon a time, canals with a total length of more than 100 km were laid here. Now many of them are abandoned.

Even in the pre-war years, the largest one was built - the Akulovsky Canal, connecting the Volga with the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers. It serves to supply Volga water to the capital.

Even during the most difficult war years, trees were planted on Losiny Ostrov. Many enthusiasts worked here - foresters and landscape designers who put a lot of effort into preserving and enhancing the natural wealth of this reserve.

The modern flora of Losiny Ostrov includes:

• more than 700 plant species;
• 90 types of mushrooms;
• 36 species of lichens;
• 150 types of algae.

Here you can find plants listed in the Russian and Moscow Red Book.

Losiny Ostrov is a real pearl of Russian nature. Centuries-old pine and lime forests, oak groves and taiga spruce forests have been preserved here. The pine trees growing in the famous Alekseevskaya ship grove, which are neither more nor less than 250 years old, amaze the imagination and impress with their beauty!

The grass cover of the national park consists of forest grass, buttercup anemone, lungwort, goose onion, bileaf, green grass, sedge, and wintergreen. There are also a lot of berries here: lingonberries, blueberries, sorrel, strawberries.

The fauna of the park is also very diverse. More than 280 species of animals and birds are found in Losiny Ostrov, including:

• 180 species of birds;
• 40 species of mammals;
• 4 types of reptiles;
• 8 species of amphibians;
• more than 20 species of freshwater fish.

As in the old days, moose live here.

In the post-war years, sika deer were brought into the park, the beaver population was completely restored, and wild boars proliferated.

Fur-bearing animals also live in the reserve: mink, ermine, marten, and black ferret.

At night, bats circle over the forest, and their eternal enemies are owls.

Thanks to a significant forest area and long-term restrictions on forestry activities, the Losiny Ostrov National Park, even today, against the backdrop of the urban panorama of a multimillion-dollar city, remains one of the richest and most interesting among the forests of the Moscow region in terms of the richness of flora and fauna.

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In summer and autumn, dozens of bears feast on the banks. In winter, up to 700 bald eagles, white-tailed eagles and golden eagles gather near the lake. The reserve is home to the world's largest protected population of brown bears, numbering about 1,000 individuals.

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Losiny Ostrov (Moscow, Russia) - exact location, interesting places, inhabitants, routes.

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Losiny Ostrov Park, known since ancient times, is, by the way, the only national park located within Moscow. It’s hard to imagine that just a few kilometers from the Garden Ring the real taiga begins, home to elk, deer and wild boars. It is not for nothing that these dense forests were chosen by Moscow sovereigns for hunting several centuries ago, and the thickets were taken under special protection.

Losiny Ostrov National Park is located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The Yauza and Pekhorka rivers originate in the park. The total area of ​​the reserve is about 116 square kilometers.

History paragraph

Losiny Ostrov has been known since ancient times; from the 15th to the 18th centuries, these regions were part of the Taininsky palace volost - the most beloved and popular hunting place among Moscow princes and tsars. John IV, known by the nickname the Terrible, hunted bears here, of which there were great numbers in these impenetrable thickets.

Even in those days, the forests of Losiny Ostrov, being royal hunting grounds, were especially protected. At the end of the 18th century, in 1799, when Losiny Ostrov was transferred to state administration, a topographical survey was carried out here, the forest was divided into blocks. In the mid-19th century, the Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha appeared, and in 1842 the first forestry was founded here, and forest management was completed by tax collectors Yegor Grimme and Nikolai Shelgunov.

Elk Island

The artificial creation of forests began in 1844, on the initiative of the forester Vasily Gershner. They grew mainly pine trees, and this process lasted almost 115 years. The result makes itself felt to this day; the plantings are still preserved, despite human impact. Thoughts about creating a reserve in these vast forests appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, but the tragic events of the beginning of the century destroyed these plans. During the Second World War, Losiny Ostrov suffered some losses - a fairly large number of trees were cut down here. Losiny Ostrov received official status as a national park in 1983, one of the first in the country.

In Losiny Ostrov you can spend the whole day walking through these still dense groves, watching frolicking birds and animals.

Flora and fauna

Losiny Ostrov is famous for its rich flora and fauna. More than 230 species of vertebrate animals live here, including many species of birds, mammals (including, of course, moose, deer, wild boars, foxes, hares, squirrels, raccoon dogs, beavers, muskrats, hawks, white-tailed eagles and many others) More than 500 species of vascular plants, rare herbaceous plants in the Moscow region, grow in the park. There are mighty oaks, dark spruces, slender birches and fragrant lindens, and tall pines soaring into the sky. The park is divided into three zones: a specially protected zone, an area for walking and sports (open to limited visitors along strictly established routes), and a recreation area open to the public. In Losiny Ostrov you can spend the whole day walking through these still dense groves, watching frolicking birds and animals. Despite the fact that the park is located within the city, there is wonderful air here, and it is difficult to imagine that it is just a stone's throw from here to the center of the metropolis. The park is a good place to spend time in any season and in any weather. In winter, there are ski slopes among snow-covered spruces and pines; in summer and autumn, you can ride a bike, exploring forest paths, or wander on foot; in spring, listen to birdsong and watch the awakening of nature. In Losiny Ostrov there are nurseries, as well as museums dedicated to a variety of topics.

Coordinates

Losiny Island is very large, so the park has several entrances located in different areas of the city.

Entrance in the Golyanovo area. From the metro station Ulitsa Podbelskogo by trams No. 2, No. 36, No. 13 and No. 29, stop at the children's sanatorium.

Entrance at Yauza. Trams from the VDNH or Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad metro stations. By train from Yaroslavsky station to Yauza station.

The entrance is at Red Pine Street. from VDNH metro station buses 172, 136, trolleybus 76 stop. Printing College.

Entrance from Prokhodchikov Street. From VDNH meters 76 trolleybus, stops Children's Clinic and Fedoskinskaya Street.