Fort Bourtanier. Holland.
“Acceleration” was given by the information that these formations continue to appear on the Earth’s body to this day.
This is where the phenomenon that is now fashionable to call “cognitive dissonance” arises. It seems that we understand that in order to build all the “fortresses” that are known today (and how many are not discovered?) it requires the expenditure of colossal resources and efforts that simply did not exist. But on the other hand, there are detailed diagrams, plans, descriptions, even estimates for the construction of such “fortresses”.
And yet, I became deeply convinced that all the schemes were just as fake as the “documentation” on the construction of the Montferrand column in St. Petersburg. From now on, I will not be able to write about stellar “fortresses” except by putting the word “fortress” in quotation marks. And that's why:
Not long ago, my friend sent me a link to a very interesting film. The film is wonderful. The author more than once stipulates that he is not a scientist or a specialist. He is modest. He is a specialist because he was able to assemble the equipment necessary for the experiments with his own hands. But I was shocked when I saw at the very beginning what I had already seen hundreds of times. Namely, Chladni figures. Here is a fragment of the film:
Did you understand? The sound “A” gives rise to a structure identical to the classic five-ray “star fortress”. Almost the same as in the title photo. Here's a freeze frame:
If you watch the entire film by Sergei Baldenkov, doubts that we are observing phenomena of a general order will disappear by themselves. No, it is not at all necessary to gather a hundred thousand peasants, slaves, or even dedicated priests. It is enough to know that our Mother Cheese Earth herself is a living being, which, just like us, moves, scratches itself, shakes itself, sneezes, yawns, and makes various sounds. She has enough resources to create various “tattoos” on her body. It is likely that such sounds lead to the creation of not only internal structures, but also surface ones:
People are unscrupulous. They tend to take credit for the merits of others. And the fact that man adapted the “star” fortresses for his needs, and came up with an explanation for how he created it, does not cause the slightest surprise. Everything is logical, everything is in a person’s character. He picks up a wallet on the sidewalk and categorically declares to those around him that it is his own, he just dropped it a minute earlier. Even if the wallet contains a bill with the currency of a previously unknown country.
Well that's who we are! What can you do?
Well, now the whole film. No one will regret the time spent, I believe.
It would seem a simple question. Like who? There are a bunch of treatises, all of them go back to approximately the 16th century. Well, the fashion was like this, you know, don’t feed them bread, let them play with the star. And there are somehow indecently many of them, these stars. Anyone who has touched the topic even a little knows that they are like “dirt”
It is generally accepted that such forms must certainly have been formed in the process of the evolution of fortification. Someone there imagines a fight against “dead” zones when the defenders fire at the attackers. It is this geometry and no other that gives the same result.
But is it?
It turns out that these “Stars” are still being formed. And this is not the work of human hands.
We talked for such an indecently long time about the “wind rose”, “lines of forces”, “ley lines”. Plans for star fortresses were piled up. They stored cards lined with “wind roses”.
And then I came across something beautiful following this post: http://kadykchanskiy.livejournal.com/511014.html
Original taken from aleks_nvkz in Star remakes?
We were convinced that the part of the star, circled in the photo with a red marker, is just stellar plowing, a kind of stellar landscape design - there are no shafts, no walls, no canals, which was also confirmed by a map of this area from 1866. And this is the circumstance unexpectedly for me received further development.
The fact is that in the Google Earth program, thanks to which we can look at our planet in such detail using images from space, it is possible to see what this same area looked like a few years ago - a kind of archive of old photos. The Sluis half-star incident prompted me to do this and it turns out that some of today's star structures are simply not present in photographs taken just 10 years ago! Let's see!
Draaibrug, Holland - a star 2 km east of Sluis, photo 2013: 
and now this same place in 2007: 
and it’s the same even earlier - 2005: 
Let's move on - a square fort on the outskirts of the Retranchement star, Holland, 2.5 km north of Sluis, 2013: 
the same place in 2007: 
and in 2005: 
and it is also missing from the 1866 map: 
Next stop - Aardenburg, Holland, 5 km southeast of Sluis, 2013: 
Now one of the fragments is larger, but right back in 2005: 
What do we see? - the same landscape design as in Sluis - the ray of the star does not rise above the surrounding area, young trees are planted along the perimeter of the ray, and, judging by the holes between them, not all have taken root. Inside the beam there is another row of very young seedlings, also with gaps and with a bend inward - apparently an attempt to form the so-called “peak” of the star inside the beam.
Now the same “ray”, but 2 years later, 2007: 
There are no young seedlings inside the beam anymore - they haven’t taken root at all. But along them, which had not taken root, a light stripe appeared - apparently, traces of work with the soil that had not had time to grow with greenery.
And now the modern look, 2013: 
in place of the light strip there is a narrow ditch filled with water, along it there is another portion of young seedlings, a 2nd row of trees has been added along the outer perimeter, + some gaps in the 1st have been planted. In general, it turns out quite convincingly - the area is being transformed and soon we will see here not just landscape design, but a “real” star))
Here is the outskirts of Aardenburg, only 600 meters to the north - this is what happened 10 years ago, in 2005: 
do you see anything?
But:
just 2 years, sleight of hand and voila! - the star is ready! 2007:
and she in 2013: 
beautiful, well-preserved “remains” of the “ancient” fortress. The Dutch know how to preserve their heritage!
And here are two more old schematic maps of Aardenburg (unfortunately, I could not determine what year they were produced). On one there are no traces of any star at all, only a canal (ditch) around the city: 
and on the other there are 4 of them - one in one and two on the outskirts:
-
So guess - are they both reliable or what?
Further - deep into Holland. Steenbergen, 2003: 
there was such an even star, without ramparts or ditches, on the same level as the surrounding area. But apparently this is also a design decision.
And in 2005 everything is the same, everything is even, only the colors are richer: 
and now it’s 2013: 
another product of the Dutch star industry. the finished “ancient” star fortress - not even all the ground has yet been overgrown with grass, and even unovergrown traces of construction equipment are visible.
The next remake is also in Holland - IJzendijke, photo 2005, We will consider the landscape construction site circled with a red line.:
Here we see on the outskirts of the town no way not towering over the terrain a green field divided by a narrow canal-ditch, curved so that it forms a small ray of a future star - it protrudes from the city exactly 100 m. The second ray, external, is formed by trees and protrudes from the city 250 meters.
6 years have passed, 2011, During this time, the builders erected a new star-ray wall, and farmers plowed the field in the form of 2 more rays - work for the builders for the future.:
and 2013, the builders erected a couple more beams of the wall, giving the fortress a more protected appearance)).:
At the same time, apparently, according to the original project, it was planned to build two walls - internal and external with protrusions of the central rays at 100 m and 250 m, as can be seen in the photo from 2005. As a result, a more budget-friendly project was implemented with one wall protruding in the center 165m from the city. Naturally, traces of the previous project were erased.
Now let's move to Belgium. Schapenbrug - 400 m south of the Belgian Wall and 2 km west of the Dutch Sluis. Here's what happened in 2005: 
It’s possible that there was something here before.
But what the Belgians built by 2013 is, in any case, a remake, and not an old well-preserved one: 
I hope we see the finished version?
Well, for dessert - a section of the Belgian Wall, but not the one at Sluis, but the one opposite the Dutch one. 2005: 
there is a “wall” on the left and right, but in the center there is a clear gap
This place is larger and closer: 
again - flat arable land and some kind of crooked green forest belt that does not connect with the wall either to the right or to the left
in 2007 - the same picture: 
and suddenly - 2009: 
there is no more crooked forest belt! But there is a straight channel with a tooth-ray, joining on both sides with a more “ancient” structure! Also along the new site, light traces are visible - soil that has not yet been overgrown with grass.
And here is a more overview photo from 2012: 
the ground is already overgrown with grass, even a new ray (protrusion) has managed to be overgrown with some bushes. But here’s what else catches your eye - the wall is not straight, it’s crooked! Apparently it was also a budget project - did they hire guest workers? I wonder if they will redo it or leave it like this?
These are such stellar remakes!
It can, of course - they restore their old...
And if not?
Currently, Belgium and Holland between them have at least 115 star-shaped structures on their territories - the highest density per m2 in the world. And apparently, this figure is constantly growing.
WHY do they need all this?
At this point we applaud aleks_nvkz
for your observation and work done.
Next we apply our body kit.
It is no secret to anyone, for example, that plants are drawn to sunlight. Some inflorescences turn to follow the sun during the day. Like, they follow the warmth and light. Like the cats that sit on the thawed hatches of the heating main in winter. It seems like everything is simple and clear. There the sun shines and warms, there is a heating main or some other battery. What about the process of formation of star forts? Who is shining where? And who plays the role of cats and flowers there?
dmitrijan : Silicon reacts to Ley lines, like migratory birds to magnetic poles, or sawdust, and gathers into certain formations. Or they fall apart.
Actually, Google Map can help you observe the process.
And then it turns out that the Star is generally alive, something like an amoeba, and people gather in its bosom for protection, and it feeds and grows. In general, life is in full swing.
In this case, not carbon, but silicon.
And then it turns out that no one built pyramids and mounds at all, but this is a form of silicon life like starfish.
But that's all later.
In the meantime, we have a certain node of “Ley lines”, which were drawn on maps with “wind roses”. For 3D thinking, all these formations are superfluous, because moving along the plane of a ball, according to such a horoscope, is not used in practice today. Because they don't know how.
These same ley lines in some places form nodes with a different number of directions, there is a resulting “rose” at a given point. A kind of derivative of horoscopes. For silicon, this resultant is the “sun”. More precisely, for the silicon form of life. There is sand and dust that gathers in formations to “warm up”. If the heating main is turned off, the cats go away. If this stellar formation has not had time to “ossify,” then it disperses into its components into other “nodes” where it is “warmer.” Which, in principle, can be seen from the same maps.
And at this node of the “ley line” some kind of “religious” structure was erected. If silicon is “warm,” it means there is some form or source of heat suitable for use.
And now let’s take it and look at the most eyesore of the Peter and Paul Fortress:
Oh! Can't be! It is so large in the center of this formation and its spire rests against the sky. And here we remember about temple complexes in general. And it turns out that they stand in these places where the ley lines intersect. They pump, like, atmospheric electricity. True, now all this does not work, in the sense that the system is dormant. They went out without proper care. Sometimes they flare up when repairs are unsuccessful. And where the water simply left.
There is a process called deviation. But ordinary people usually don’t go into these wilds. In essence, it displays the angle at which magnetic lines enter our familiar terra firma. That is, on the needle of a magnetic compass, in addition to the north-south rotational force, there is a force that tends to tilt the needle.
Those who need more information about different magnetic declinations in our summary should go here:
“A lot of external structures are not needed in these “fortresses,” and if you cover it all in stone, it becomes expensive.”
Has anyone ever built a star fortress?
That is, getting some picture with “bastions” is not so difficult. And all you need is to have a source of vibrations that will form falling “garbage” above a given installation in this geometry.
Let's take this article: http://earth-chronicles.ru/news/2016-02-20-89275
And we include several images for comparison.
"A photographic scientist filmed the movement of sound in water"
Biochemist and photographer Linden Gledhill has turned acoustic waves into works of fine art. Water, neon lamps and special software helped to “photograph” the movements of sound in a liquid. The Daily Mail reports this.
Gledhill placed a tank of water over a speaker and amplifier that were connected to a computer. The program generated sinusoidal sound signals. The photographer then stood over the tank and began capturing kaleidoscopic images using an LED light.
The LEDs strobe and slow down movement, which is why the outlines of the waves are so clear, Gledhill explained. Bright neon colors and swirling lines allow you to achieve the most detailed sound visualization. “If we think about geometric symmetry in nature, it is not surprising that the vibration images resemble the shells of sea mollusks and turtles,” the photographer noted.
Like other waves, sound is characterized by frequency, amplitude, wavelength and speed. Sound vibrations are created due to the vibration of objects and are “caught” upon contact with the detector (in this case, water). Leonardo da Vinci was the first to guess about the wave nature of sound around 1500.
In some places there were just ramparts, in others they were lined with bricks. They set up all sorts of different things. Those “fortresses” that were left unattended simply dissolved and were washed away by the water. Activists are looking for traces of them on Google Map.
And even then, the abundance of pictures with the “construction” of these fortresses looks more like the reconstruction of an existing one, rather than the construction of an object from scratch.
Star fortresses at the micro level.
Throughout the planet, many fortresses, forts and redoubts have been preserved in the so-called star configuration - in the form of stars of regular and irregular shape with 4, 5, 6, 7 or more rays. There are hundreds of them. They are found in abundance in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. You can see more details here http://vk.com/club55242135
Among them there are not many fortresses in the shape of a 5-pointed regular star.
Germany - Dömitz and Münster:
in Italy - Parma and Rome:
in France - Amiens and Lille: 
Fort Lillo in Belgium: 
Fort Tilberty in England (by the way, partially washed away - but more on that in a separate topic): 
Canada: 
Cape Town, South Africa: 
Acapulco in Mexico: 
Famous Bourtange in the Netherlands: 
more Netherlands: 
Setubal in Portugal: 
New Amsterdam in Suriname (South America): 
USA: 
Japan: 
Sri Lanka: 
and finally, the most pleasant thing - RUSSIA:
Saint Petersburg: 
Smolensk: 
Let's take a closer look at Smolensk.
It is noteworthy that the star fortress is crossed by the Smolensk fortress wall, erected (according to official history) under Tsars Fyodor Ioannovich and Boris Godunov in 1595-1602. on the site of an older fortress, built (as it is believed) under the Grand Duke Rostislav Mstislavovich in 1142. Whether the star fortress in Smolensk is the fortress of the Grand Duke or not is a question. But it is a fact that Boris Godunov’s fortress wall stands ON the star fortress, crossing it from north to south and dividing it into two parts - the two eastern rays of the star are inside Godunov’s wall, and the three western rays are outside it. Conclusion - the star fortress was built EARLIER than the fortress of Boris Godunov, i.e. long before 1595, perhaps this is the fortress of Grand Duke Rostislav Mstislavovich from 1142. If so, then such fortresses around the world came from the territory of Ancient Rus', and not from Western Europe, as is commonly believed now. It is possible that it was the Russians who built all these hundreds of fortresses.
In the previous post, heated debate arose over the purpose of the “star fortresses” and their orientation in space. I would like to express my opinion on this matter. As you can see, I put the word fortress in quotation marks, because a fortress is a fortified defensive point, and from the definition in this case the word defensive is clearly superfluous and I will now try to justify my opinion. Those who have ever been interested in the topic of fortresses know that star fortresses differ from ordinary ones by the presence of sharp corners (rays) and inclined walls, with the walls inclined towards the center of this very fortress. And the orientation in space of these fortresses is very diverse - and until now, no harmonious logic in their orientation has been particularly observed.
Consider a classic star fortress. As an example, I chose the Pillau fortress (Baltiysk), located on the territory of the Kaliningrad region, which was built either by the Swedes or the Prussians, either in the 17th century, or earlier, or maybe later: 
Let's look at the components of the fortress:
Bastion- a five-sided long-term fortification erected on the corners of the fortress fence.
Ravelin- an auxiliary fortification structure in the shape of a triangle with the top facing the enemy, located in front of the main fortress fence.
Redoubt(it is not visible in the photo) - a separate closed-type fortification, usually (but not necessarily) earthen, with a rampart and a ditch, intended for all-round defense. The redoubt was most often built in the shape of a quadrangle, although there were also pentagonal and hexagonal redoubts. There is a quadrangular redoubt in an ancient engraving. 
It should be noted that at present there are practically no redoubts around the remaining star fortresses. Please note that the further the lines of ravelins are from the fortress walls, the LOWER they are and between each line there is a moat. 
Those who have looked at photos of star fortresses know that these fortresses bear little resemblance to defensive structures - all these bastions, walls, ravelins and redoubts have an inclined surface, which is not a particular obstacle for an enemy equipped with ladders. It is more convenient to climb up such a wall than a vertical one. And it is not very convenient for the defenders to pour burning tar on the attackers from such a wall and throw sewage at them. In addition, on the walls of the star fortress itself there are no places to install guns there. All buildings inside fortresses are usually located below the height of the fortress wall. The photo shows the fortress wall of the Finnish city of Hamina - a standard star city.
As you can see, there are no stairs or ramps from the inner wall, and accordingly, it is categorically unclear how the defenders can quickly climb the wall at the command “sharp”; I’m not talking about the possibility of lifting guns with ammunition onto the walls. Thus, great doubt arises about the defensive purpose of these fortresses. Nevertheless, the builders considered it necessary to carry out large-scale work on the construction of a whole complex of engineering structures. The question arises - why?
Let’s look at the question “why” using the example of the French city of Belfort. Here is a satellite view of the fortifications: 
As you can see, there are fortifications only on the east and west. There are no fortifications on the north and south. Here is a view of the eastern fortifications from the east. 
And here is a view of the same wall from the western side (from inside the city):
As you yourself understand, to protect the city, there is no point in building walls only on two sides, because the enemy can easily attack either from the north, or from the south, or from the north and south at the same time. So why fence a garden? To understand, consider a geographical map: 
As you can see, the city is located near a mountain pass between two mountain ranges - the Vosges and the Jura (“Burgundy Gate”), which protect the city from the north and south, and accordingly in this passage the wind blows like in a wind tunnel. Here is the diagram from which I copied and pasted the diagram of the prevailing winds:
Here is this diagram superimposed on a satellite map: 
As you can see, the walls come in handy, serving as protection for the city from the prevailing winds. It remains to understand why the walls are configured this way, why they are tilted? Here, I think, we need to turn to aerodynamics:
I think no one has any doubt that the air flow colliding with an inclined wall will be reflected upward by this wall, according to the laws of aerodynamics, the speed of this flow will increase and this very flow itself will serve as a screen by analogy with an air curtain, which is widely used in different stores and other subways.
And several lines of these ravelins with bastions and ditches arranged between them apparently increase the speed of the reflected flow to enhance the properties of the air screen, by analogy with the operation of the compressor of a turbojet engine. Those who have studied aerodynamics will easily draw parallels. Thus, on that side of the star fortress, where there is an increased number of protective lines, the prevailing winds in a given area blow. Don't believe me? Here is proof for you using the example of Fort Elvas, which has been sucked for two weeks now Praça-forte de Elvas. I could not find a description of the prevailing winds in that area, and therefore began to look for windmills (wind turbines). I thought that the windmill would be installed in the most ventilated place so that the mill would work as often as possible. Do you think I made a logical assumption? I think it's very logical.
Barely, perverting the search queries, I came up with this picture, clicking on which will take you to the article about the Elvas Military Museum:
Under the picture there is an inscription - Um dos pontos de observação nas muralhas do museu. Aqui é possível ver o Forte da Graça e o Moinho de Vento(sem velas), este ainda dentro na área do museu, na “Obra Coroa” (One of the observation points within the walls of the museum. Here you can see Fort Grace and windmill(candle), located within the museum "Obra Coroa"). 
I found this mill, it is located on the northeastern ray of this fort, which seems to confirm my guesses, because from the southwestern direction this mill is shaded by the fort itself: 
Having broken the compass rose in some other fortresses, my hypothesis was also confirmed:
Pillau Fortress: 
The fortress of Peniche, protected from the north, from where the prevailing winds blow: 
Well, look at the French fortresses, taking into account the direction of the Mistral (the picture is clickable, go to the article), just take into account various factors, such as:
Star-shaped cities.
Throughout the planet, many fortified cities of the so-called star configuration have been preserved. There are hundreds of them. They are found in abundance in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. All of them were built at different times, but most of them were built in the Middle Ages. All the beauty of these unusual structures can only be truly appreciated from a bird's eye view.
And although many of them are empty or have long been turned into ruins, you just need to rise a little above the ground and you will see something incredible... Everyone is surprised by the Nazca Lines, but these fortified cities of absolutely regular shape are no less amazing. This is how they planned and built it all? You’re just amazed when looking at their pictures, how symmetrical and unmistakably everything is done! But the result can only be assessed from a great height.
One of the most famous star fortresses is the fortified city of Palmanova, one of the outposts of the Venetian Republic. The city was founded in 1593, its construction was organized by the government of Venice.
As you can see, the outlines of the city from the old image completely coincide with the modern one, made using aerial photography.
Naarden, Netherlands:
One of the interesting places in the Netherlands that clearly stands out on Google satellite images is the Naarden Fortress. The fortified city of Naarden is interesting and notable for two things - firstly, its amazingly beautiful symmetrical shape, and secondly, the excellent condition of the fortifications. In plan, the fortress is an intricate figure, reminiscent of a six-pointed star with arrow-shaped shapes at the edges.
The 17th century Naarden fortress is located on a man-made island and has 6 symmetrical bastions.
This complex engineering structure has an extensive system of underground tunnels. The photo shows the upper segments of the ventilation system
Bourtange. Another 16th century star fortress in the Netherlands:
It was built in 1593 by order of William I of Orange to control the only road between Germany and Groningham during the Eighty Years' War.
In 1851, the fortress was dismantled and a peasant settlement grew in its place. Only a few buildings still remember the glory of yesteryear. In the 60s of the 20th century, it was decided to restore the Bourtange fortress. The plan was implemented from 1967 to 1992. The ramparts were raised again, canals were dug, and barracks were rebuilt.
Kastellet, Copenhagen, Denmark:
This structure is in the shape of a pentagonal star, one of the most powerful and fortified in Northern Europe.
The fortress was built on an artificially created island in the shape of a regular five-pointed star (I wonder how? It’s impossible to even imagine the scale of this work). In 1663, a citadel that has survived to this day appeared on the island, in which the headquarters of German troops was located during the Second World War.
Landskrona, Sweden.
Another fortress from the 16th century.
Daugavpils, also known as Dinaburg Fortress, Daugavpils, Latvia.
The construction of this fortress began in 1810 by order of the Sovereign Emperor Alexander I on the eve of the war with Napoleon I in order to strengthen the western border of the Russian Empire.
Alba Iulia, Romania.
Alba Iulia, a fairly large industrial city in the very center of the country. But in this city there is a huge fortress called Alba Carolina, based on various sources, which is the largest fortification in Europe.
Built from 1714 to 1738 by the Italian architect Giovanni Visconti, the fortress served as the general headquarters of the entire Transylvania, but was never attacked by the enemy. The importance of Alba Iulia for the Romanians lies not so much in the military as in the political plane. It was here that on December 1, 1918, the National Assembly of All Romanians of Transylvania declared the whole of Transylvania to be the territory of Romania.
The fortified city of Almeida in Portugal.
The defensive structures of the village, when viewed from above, have the shape of a 12-pointed star according to the number of bastions. The perimeter of the fortress is 2500 meters. This fortress was built in the 17th and 18th centuries around a medieval castle in a strategically important place from the point of view of defense of the region on a plateau 12 kilometers from the Spanish border, established by the 1297 treaty between Portugal and Spain. According to the same treaty, Almeida went to Portugal.
Neuf-Brisach, France
Neuf-Brisach is a city in Alsace with a perfect octagonal configuration, the construction of which began in 1698.
Alessandria, Italy.
Alessandria is a city in the northwestern part of Italy. This city grew out of a fortress founded in 1168 by the Lombard League to protect northern Italian cities from the encroachments of the Holy Roman Empire.
Leopoldov, Slovakia.
Leopoldov was founded in 1665 at the behest of the Austrian Emperor Leopold I.
Pillau fortress, Kaliningrad region, Russia.
Fortification structure from the 17th-18th centuries. Fort located in the city of Baltiysk. Previously, the city was called Pillau (German), so the fortress bears his name. This unique fort was founded in 1601, possibly by the Swedes. By 1670, the Germans had thoroughly rebuilt the fortress in stone.
Subsequently, it was redesigned, completed and improved many times. The fortress was actively used during the Great Patriotic War, and German troops occupied it until April 1945. The fortress was taken, but with very heavy losses. Apparently this structure was well made, conscientiously.
Currently there is a military unit located here.
Pokrovskaya fortress, Omsk region.
These are traces of a fort that was here, but which was razed completely, level with the ground.
Very little can be learned about this unique object from official sources. For example, founded in 1752. It was built in 1752-1755. This guard fortification of the Tobol-Ishim line, located in a village on the northern shore of Lake Pokrovskoye, is a historical monument.
The octagonal fortress occupied an area of 6 hectares. The fortification is reinforced by earthworks, a ditch and bastions, which, like arrows, are pushed far forward, providing flanking approaches. The width of the ditches was 13 m, the depth was 2.5 m. On the territory of the fortress there was a gunpowder magazine, a provisions store, officer houses, barracks, a vestibule, a stable, a storage barn, a guardhouse, and a bathhouse.
At the beginning of the 19th century, with the construction of the railway, the fortress lost its military purpose.
And it's all. Who, when and why destroyed this fortress - history is silent. But there are versions from alternative history that are more similar to the truth than all this.
Fortress of St. Anna, Rostov region, Russia.
The fortress was founded by decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna in 1730, construction lasted 3-4 years. Today, only large earthen ramparts and ditches or satellite photographs speak of this former structure.
In general, there are many similar fortresses in Russia, but the only surviving one is the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.
Fort Goryokaku in the city of Hakodeit on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.
This is the first and largest fortress in Japan, built in 1866. At the beginning of the 20th century it was transformed into a park, now famous for its magnificent flowering cherry trees. Now, it’s strange and incomprehensible, why was it built only to be torn down 50 years later?
Below are more photos of many of these interesting objects scattered around the world.
In Germany:
In Belgium:
In Italy:
The Netherlands again:
In Great Britain:
Vietnam even has:
But there is absolutely no information anywhere about who built it and when.
In Sri Lanka:
It is believed that the Portuguese built it in 1618.
IN THE USA:
In Canada:
In Mexico:
In Brazil:
New Amsterdam in Suriname (South America):
But this, of course, is not all, but only a small part of these ingenious structures.
Disappeared ancient cities in the shape of stars in the territory of Kyiv and surrounding regions.
The most interesting thing in this article is the fact that the old and new cards turn out to be rotated relative to each other by about 30 degrees. Both maps are oriented towards the pole. Sometimes you can find old maps that have north and south on the contrary, since in the territory of “Tartaria” a different map orientation rule was adopted, when the south was displayed at the top and the north at the bottom, but maps without orientation to the cardinal points are not found. The orientation of the 1648 map gives the position of the north pole in the area of Greenland. Incidentally, the same direction is also oriented. St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg :
If on a modern map of Ukrainian cities the north is at the top (and on the old map too), then it turns out that the geographic pole has shifted. And when overlaying maps, old . This explains why cities are under such a layer of clay. Siberia suffered even more - here its layer is from 10 to 40 m /
Took the card
Kyiv Palatinate in Latin for 1648 and superimposed it on a modern map of Ukraine with varying degrees of transparency. Download and compare. On it all the cities are in the shape of stars. They were made of stone, antique. About 50% of these cities no longer exist. The remains of star bastion walls can be searched using this map via google maps. But it is difficult to find, since the stars have been thoroughly erased from the surface of the earth. Many of them are located at the bottom of the Dnieper reservoirs. Don’t forget that all cities have since been covered with 3-4 meters of clay. Also marked on the map are mountains (possibly man-made) that no longer exist. The channels of the Dnieper tributaries do not LOOK like they do now. They are more linear, like the rivers in Western Europe today. Trypillia is an ancient star city just below Kyiv. Some cities are slightly misaligned, there is an error in the old map. I combined the cities of Kyiv and Kremenchug and took into account the channel of the Dnieper.
To understand which star cities we are talking about, read the article first, for those who haven’t read it:
Why modern river beds meander, read:
High resolution map of 1648:
Modern map:
Overlay #1. Transparency 25%:
Overlay #2. Transparency 50%:
Overlay #3. Opaque:
Anyone who wants to practice in Photoshop can superimpose the map of Barklavia Palatinatus from 1639 (Vinnytsia region) and Podolia Palatinatus from the 17th century onto modern maps of these places. All cities on the maps are marked in the form of stars.
Barklavia Palatinatus
Podolia Palatinatus
Ps: to visually imagine how buried the cities are, look at the photo of the excavated house, if I’m not mistaken, in Kazan.
Photo taken from Alexey Kungurov. He has interesting films on YouTube, by the way. For example movie
about a nuclear strike in the past.