Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of Tambov (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address and website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.
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Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral is the oldest Orthodox cathedral in Tambov district. This temple is the heart and soul of Tambov, its spiritual core and just a very beautiful place. The construction of the cathedral was conceived and started by the second bishop of Tambov, Pitirim. Deciding to rebuild the city's first stone temple, Bishop Pitirim initially planned a one-story building, but in the process of building the church, windows were broken in the already finished lower part of the temple, the vaults were lowered over the altar and stairs were erected to the second floor. But St. Pitirim did not have time to finish the construction, he was buried in a crypt near the southern wall, where the relics of the saint lie to this day.
The Cathedral has been considered for many years the custodian of the main shrines of the Tambov land, many of which, alas, were lost during the years of Soviet power.
For example, from the richest collection of rare icons, it is worth paying attention to the Crucifixion of the Savior with the upcoming Mother of God and John the Theologian, painted by Bishop Pitirim, as well as the miraculous icon of Our Lady of Kazan.
History paragraph
Until 1694, a small wooden Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior stood on the site of the stone church. She also gave the name to the future cathedral of the district, the construction of which was completed only in 1783 thanks to the donations of the Tambov merchant Matvey Borodin. The three-tiered bell tower with a height of 42.5 m appeared even later - in 1817 (others say that in 1812)
But with the advent of the “bright communist future”, when religion is declared an opium for the people, the temple was closed, and since 1929 the Tambov Regional Museum of Local Lore has been placed within its walls. The graceful bell tower was dismantled in 1931, and the pits and potholes in parks and squares are covered with rubble left from it. The cathedral returned to the bosom of the Orthodox Church only in the 90s. One of the significant dates for the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior today is August 4, 1993, when the cross was again raised on the main dome of the temple.
Four days later, the relics of the heavenly patron of the city and land of Tambov, St. Pitirim, as well as the saint's phelonion, which was donated by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, returned to the cathedral. The elegant bell tower was rebuilt a little later, on May 18, 2011, a procession was made and a cross was consecrated at the site of its reconstruction.
The history of the main Orthodox cathedral in Odessa is inextricably linked with the history of the city itself. In the old days, every city began with a Temple. People, mastering a new place, put a cross, a church was built on this place, where they served the first prayer service "at the foundation of this city." Then the city grew, new churches appeared, but this, the first temple, was always the most important. Being the same age as the city, the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior witnessed many important events that took place in Odessa.
The cathedral park, in which the cathedral stands, according to the plan of the founding fathers, was to become the main square of Odessa, and the first stone in the foundation of the temple was laid in 1795. The church was built according to the project of the engineer V.Vonrezant, and was supposed to be built already in 1797 - two years after the start of construction. However, the construction was suspended for a reason beyond the control of the townspeople. Paul I, who became Emperor of All Russia in November 1796, sequestered the budget allotted for the construction of young Odessa, simply put, he stopped allocating the money promised by his mother, Catherine II.
However, the reign of Paul I ended abruptly in 1801 (by the way, with the active participation of one of the founders of Odessa, Osip Mikhailovich Deribas), funding for construction was resumed, and under the leadership of the city architect Franz Frapolli, in five years - from 1804 to 1809 - the church was built. On May 25, 1809, the consecration of the church took place, at the same time it finally received the name - Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya.
Interestingly, Franz's brother, Giovanni Frapolli, also an architect, participated in the construction of the old Odessa church together with G. Toricelli. The project of the bell tower, compiled by Giovanni Frapolli, dates back to the same time. The bell tower, 74 meters high, was built from 1825 to 1837. The main bell was cast on the spot from 28 Turkish cannons - a trophy in the company of 1828-1829. The steeple of the bell tower was far visible from the sea and was mentioned in all the sailing directions.
Some historians believe that, quite likely, Pushkin and the young Lermontov, who at the same time visited Odessa with his grandmother, could meet in the cathedral.
On October 9, 1828, in front of the image of the Savior in a silver robe on the altar, Emperor Nicholas I, saved from imminent death during a night storm, prayed while crossing from Varna to Odessa on the ship "Empress Maria".
Transfiguration Cathedral. View from Russov's house. Early 20th century
In 1837, the Yekaterinoslav diocese was divided into Yekaterinoslav proper and Kherson-Tauride. Odessa became the residence of the Kherson-Taurian diocesan bishop, and the Transfiguration Cathedral became a cathedral. Therefore, its major restructuring begins: its old part is connected by a refectory church with a bell tower, the domes are replaced, the side aisles are expanded and raised, a sacristy, a library, an archive are arranged, the floors are covered with marble tiles, special chandeliers are made, etc.
In 1841 - 1848, the architect D. Heydenreich built the refectory of the cathedral, which combined the bell tower and the old church.
In the lectern, in a wooden icon case, lay a large copper cross cast from coins that were thrown “on a common candle” by soldiers passing through Odessa to Sevastopol in 1854. And when during the Crimean War the city was shelled from the sea, Anna Tyutcheva, the daughter of the great poet, wrote in her diary: “An English grenade exploded near the cathedral at the very time when the religious procession with the shroud was in progress, led by His Grace Innokenty. The people were electrified, no one ran and did not try to lie down on the ground .... Despite the hellish fire, the service in the cathedral continued. Suddenly there was a terrible roar. The glass in the dome burst and fell on the marble floor. At that time, the Cathedral stood.
In the Transfiguration Cathedral on June 17, 1889, the future great poetess Anna Akhmatova was baptized. An entry about this was preserved in the “Metric Book” of the Kherson Ecclesiastical Consistory: “Captain of the 2nd rank Andrei Antonov Gorenko and his legal wife Inna Erazmovna are both Orthodox.” The rite was performed by Archpriest Evlampy Arnold.
In 1894, a major overhaul of the cathedral was carried out according to the project of the architect L. Prokopovich.
In 1900-1903 a major reconstruction was carried out. The facades were changed, side rooms were added, over which domes were placed, the interior was significantly rebuilt, a portico was added to the eastern facade, and the bell tower was also decorated. The new floor was made of white marble. After the reconstruction, the cathedral became one of the largest churches in the Russian Empire and could accommodate up to 9,000 people.
In 1919, the silent film star, the irresistible and mysterious Vera Kholodnaya, was buried in the cathedral.
His wife Elizabeth was also buried in the Transfiguration Cathedral. This is the rarest case when a woman is buried in the cathedral, because, due to traditions, an exception was made only for members of the royal family. At the coffin of Vorontsov there was a banner presented to the cathedral by Nicholas I in 1828. During the solemn church processions, the headman of the cathedral carried this banner.
In 1936 the cathedral was barbarously destroyed. First, all the decoration was taken out of it, and then they blew it up. People who saw this tragedy say that powerful explosives were planted in the bell tower, because it was not so easy to destroy the temple. They decided to blow up the bell tower so that it fell on the cathedral and destroyed it. The calculation was successful. After the explosion, instead of the temple, terrible ruins remained with the ribs of structures sticking up. Piles of stone covered the entire area. School No. 121 was built from the cathedral stone. An unusual one stood on the site of the cathedral in the mid-1950s.
Not far from Odessa, on the site of the altar in 1940, at the insistence of the famous ophthalmologist, another fountain was built - the famous "". Being a pious man and not hiding his faith under any regime, he could not see how the holy place was trampled under the feet of people. Later, when the cathedral began to be restored, the Filatov fountain was moved closer to the intersection of Preobrazhenskaya and Grecheskaya streets, to the place of the old fountain - therefore, the fountain "Filatov's Vase" is often mistakenly called "the first fountain of Odessa."
The reconstruction of the cathedral began in 1999. In fact, it was rebuilt, thus becoming both the oldest and the newest Orthodox church in Odessa.
The cathedral was restored in its original place in the same form that it had after the reconstruction of 1903. The dimensions and location of the restored building were determined by the exposed foundations of the cathedral destroyed in 1936. The overall dimensions of the building are 46.6 x 90.6 m, and the height of the bell tower is 72 m. The total number of bells is 23. This is the largest set of bells in Ukraine. In 2008, the Vera Bell Factory in Voronezh cast another 14-ton bell, the largest in Ukraine, for the Transfiguration Cathedral. The giant bell sounded for the first time in September of the same year.
The main altar of the cathedral was consecrated by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Kirill in July 2010. From that moment on, the restoration of the cathedral as a whole can be considered completed. The central marble iconostasis was painted by the famous Ukrainian artist Georgy Zhuravsky.
In 2000, the bell tower was completely restored. On November 10, 2005, the reburial of the remains of E.K. Vorontsova from the Sloboda cemetery took place. And on June 21, 2010, the consecration of the restored Transfiguration Cathedral took place.
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral on the map of Odessa:
In conclusion, a traditional video about the cathedral:
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In 1271, chronicles mention the foundation of the Tver diocese. It is possible that the diocese in the Principality of Tver existed even earlier, but for the first time its existence is mentioned in connection with the funeral and burial of Prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Yaroslav of Tverskoy died in 1271, on the way from the Horde to his native Tver, having accepted the schema with the baptismal name Athanasius before his death. It was laid in the Kremlin Cathedral Church of Cosmas and Damian 1.
The first Bishop of Tver is called St. Simeon, the former Bishop of Polotsk, known for his learning and ascetic life. In 2016, at the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church, a decision was made on the general church glorification of the first Bishop of Tver Simeon 2.
Time passed, Tver grew and grew rich, the old wooden cathedral church no longer met the needs of the capital city of the Tver principality. In 1276-1277, during the reign of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, the eldest son of the first prince of Tver, Tver was almost completely burned out during another fire. Only one surviving temple remained in the Tver Kremlin. It is not known for sure whether it was the church of Cosmas and Damian, or another temple survived the fire, but the time has come to think about a new cathedral church, corresponding to the status of an influential principality.
In 1285, in the center of the Tver Kremlin, on the site of the Kozmodamianovsky temple, with the blessing of Metropolitan Maxim, Princess Xenia, Bishop Simeon and young Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich laid a stone cathedral in honor of the twelfth feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord 3.
Why did the temple under construction receive such a name? In ancient Rus', according to tradition, the main temples in the cities were dedicated to the Savior or the Most Holy Theotokos. The inhabitants of Tver began to honor the feast of the Transfiguration of the Savior long before the construction of the cathedral. In 1285, on the eve of the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Savior, the Tver troops easily and without loss defeated the Lithuanian army that attacked Rus', this confirmed the Tver people in the special protection of the Savior to their land 4 .
In 1287, at the behest of Bishop Simeon, a small wooden Church of the Savior was erected inside the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior under construction, in which Simeon served until the completion of the construction of the cathedral and until the end of his days. Simeon died on February 3, 1289, the construction of the cathedral church was completed under his successor, Bishop Andrew. Vladyka Andrei consecrated the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior on November 8, 1290, the day of the namesake of Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich. Two more years, after the consecration of the Savior, its walls were painted by the best icon painters of the city .
The Transfiguration Cathedral, even before its completion, became a tomb. Under the vault of the temple were the relics of Prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich. In 1289 Bishop Simeon was buried in the cathedral. In 1319, Vladyka Barsanuphius I buried the Holy Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver, who died as a martyr in the Horde. The relics of the holy prince were laid in the southwestern part of the temple, to the right of Bishop Simeon.
By 1323, there is a message about the burial of the second Bishop of Tver, Andrei, but not in the center of the cathedral, but in the Vvedensky chapel. This fact indicates the appearance of a small stone church attached to the cathedral. Vvedensky aisle becomes the episcopal tomb.
The appearance of the Vvedensky chapel in the temple is associated with the memory of the holy noble prince Mikhail Yaroslavich. On November 21, on the feast of the Entry into the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos, the death warrant for the Prince of Tver was signed in the Horde.
The Tver Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, completed 36 years before the laying of the first stone church in Moscow, has become a symbol of Tver's power and prosperity. In Moscow, only in 1326 Ivan Kalita laid the first stone church of the Savior on Bor. In the second half of the 13th and early 14th centuries there was no principality in Rus' richer and stronger than Tver.
The construction of the stone Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church in Tver was such an important event that the message about it was preserved not only in the Tver Collection of Chronicles and in the Rogozhsky Chronicler, but also in later Moscow vaults. .
The construction of the Tver Cathedral stimulated the temple-building activity of princes and lords in a number of Russian cities. In Rostov in 1287, following the example of Tver, the stone church of Boris and Gleb was laid. In Veliky Novgorod, in 1292, the Church of St. Nicholas on Lipna and the Church of Theodore Stratilat on Shchirkova Street were laid, and in 1300, a church in the name of the Archangel Michael.
For Tver, the significance of the newly built cathedral church can hardly be overestimated. In ancient times, Tver and the entire Tver principality, in acts and letters, were called the "House of the Holy Savior." Tver Cathedral was destined to become a symbol of the city, its main spiritual dominant for a long six and a half centuries.
The period of the reign of the holy prince Mikhail Yaroslavich was marked by the beginning of the Tver chronicle, and the very first record, by the Tver chroniclers, dated 1285, reports the laying of the stone Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral 5 .
In 1304, the great Prince of Vladimir Andrei Aleksandrovich Gorodetsky died. According to the right of succession to the throne existing in Rus', the grand prince's table was to pass in seniority to Mikhail of Tverskoy. In 1304, the young and ambitious Moscow prince Yuri Danilovich declared his rights to the Vladimir table. Both princes: Tver and Moscow went to the Horde for a label for a great reign. Mikhail returned to Vladimir with a label. Since that time, the confrontation between Tver and Moscow began, which lasted a century and a half and left a heavy mark on the fate of the Tver principality, the Tver cathedral church and cost the life of Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver.
In 1290, an icon of Boris and Gleb was painted in Tver - the oldest surviving Tver icon and the oldest image of the holy princes. Currently, the icon is stored in the Kiev Museum of Russian Art 6 .
Against the background of the ongoing rivalry between Moscow and Tver, the Moscow prince Ivan Kalita sought to catch up and overtake Tver in terms of the number of stone churches. At the beginning of the 14th century, three stone churches were laid in the Moscow Kremlin: the Assumption Cathedral, the Church of St. John of the Ladder and the Church of Michael the Archangel. All temples were single-domed and small in size. .
In August 1327, an anti-Horde uprising broke out in Tver. This was the first popular uprising against the Mongol-Tatar yoke, brutally suppressed by the joint efforts of the Golden Horde, Moscow and Suzdal. Fedorchuk's army swept through the cities and villages of the Tver land like a fiery tornado, burning and destroying everything in its path. Tver, Kashin and other cities of the Tver principality were on fire.
After the invasion of Fedorchuk's army in Tver, only in the fifties of the XIV century, under Bishop Fedor II the Good and Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich of Tver, funds were found to carry out large-scale repair work in the Spas.
Bishop Fedor II loved art more than all the rulers of Tver. In 1344, on his initiative, copper doors were made for the Spas. In 1353, a gilded cross was placed on the main dome. The temple was painted white 7. In 1358, the second copper doors were made and installed on the north side of the cathedral. One of these doors, according to legend, during the reign of Grand Duke Ivan III (it is not known exactly which 1344 or 1358) were taken to the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda near Moscow and placed in the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin. In 1359, floors were made of colored majolica tiles in the Spas 8 .
Around 1353, chronicle sources indicate the appearance of another chapel of the cathedral church of Tver - Dmitrievsky. The Small Dmitrievsky temple, subsequently, became the prince's tomb.
In 1360, by order of Archbishop Fyodor the Good, the Vvedensky chapel was painted, and in 1367 Vladyka found rest in it.
In addition to Bishops Simeon, Andrei and Theodore II the Good, the following archbishops were buried in the cathedral church: Sergius (1703), Mitrofan Slotvinsky (1752); Metropolitan of Kiev Ioasaf Krosovsky (1720), who died suddenly during his stay in Tver 9 .
In 1382, the dome of the cathedral church was covered with gold leaf. At the time, this was a rarity. Tver Cathedral began to be called the Golden-domed Savior, and Tver - the city of the Golden-domed Savior .
In 1364 the cathedral was struck by lightning. In 1399, during a major overhaul, the plates burned by lightning were replaced and the facades were decorated with carved stone ornaments 10 .
Very little information has come down to us about the life of the cathedral in the 15th century. During this period, Tver made desperate attempts to maintain its independence. In 1485, the Tver principality became part of the Muscovite state. The last prince of Tver, Mikhail Borisovich, fled to Lithuania. On September 15, 1485, Bishop Vassian served a liturgy in the Spassky Cathedral in the presence of Ivan III and the Moscow boyars. These vital events for Tver overshadowed the fate of the Savior, the main temple of the Tver principality was forgotten for a while.
With the loss of independence, Tver passed into the hands of temporary workers. All major construction in the city ceased. In the current situation, the Tver feudal lords thought only about preserving their wealth and privileges, they did not care about the problems of the city. For the entire 16th century, only one stone church of the Life-Giving Trinity was built in Tver in Zatmachi (White Trinity 1564), and even then at the private expense of a wealthy townsman Gavriil Andreyevich Tushinsky. There is no information in the sources about major repairs that were carried out in the 16th century in the cathedral.
The Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior brought with it many secrets and mysteries, which are still being answered by historians and local historians. Ancient chronicles did not preserve a detailed description of the first cathedral church built in 1285-1290. under the holy prince Michael Yaroslavich. Most of the temples of the 11th-13th centuries that have survived to this day are crowned by one chapter: the Church of Peter and Paul on Silnishche in Veliky Novgorod (1192), the Church of the Savior on Nereditsa in the vicinity of Veliky Novgorod (1198), St. George's Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky ( 1234). Five-domed churches in the XIII century could afford only large and rich cities: Kyiv - St. Sophia Cathedral (1019-1054 thirteen-domed), Vladimir - Assumption Cathedral (1158-1189 five-domed). In rich Veliky Novgorod there were two five-domed pre-Mongolian churches: Sophia (1050) and Nikolo-Dvorishchensky (1136). There is no information in the annals about the existence of a construction artel in Tver capable of erecting a five-domed cathedral. Adhering to such reasoning, it can be assumed that the first stone cathedral church in Tver was single-domed with two domes of aisles.
However, the Tver local historian N.N. Ovsyannikov refers to the ancient icon of the holy noble Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich and his mother, Princess Xenia, on which the cathedral has five domes of the main volume . V. I. Kolosov mentions this icon in his work, leaning towards the version of the five-domed completion of the ancient Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral. The ancient Savior N.N. considered five-headed. Voronin 11 . The Tver historian Svyatoslav Mikhnya, in turn, writes: "... the brainchild of Simeon, the magnificent five-domed Savior, was completed and consecrated by Bishop Andrei ..." 12 .
At the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th centuries, trends in the construction of Russian churches changed dramatically. Rus', recently freed from the Mongol-Tatar yoke, sought to assert its power and independence by building majestic five-domed cathedrals. Bishops and mayors during the overhaul of old churches tried to change the one-domed completions - five-domed ones.
In Moscow in 1475-1479, on the site of the ancient one-domed Assumption Church built by Ivan Kalita, a five-domed cathedral was erected. In 1508, in the Moscow Kremlin, the Italian Aleviz Novy completed the construction of the Archangel Cathedral, crowned with five domes. In Dmitrov in 1504-1533. The five-domed Assumption Cathedral was built. By 1515 churches similar in type appeared in Yaroslavl, Rostov and Tikhvin.
It is hard to imagine that Tver remained on the sidelines and had no plans to rebuild its main temple. EAT. Karavaeva in her work claims that at the beginning of the 16th century, all the main cathedral churches in large Russian cities, by order of the Moscow prince and at his expense, were built with five domes 13 .
In 1549, an important event took place in the life of Tver. Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tverskoy by the Moscow Cathedral, was canonized for general church veneration. The day of memory of the holy noble prince Michael was established - November 22 (old style), December 5 (new style).
This joyful event for the people of Tver was followed by many years of hard trials. 1601-1603 turned out to be lean and provoked a famine, which caused peasant unrest. In 1606, Polish-Lithuanian troops approached the city. In these difficult times, the rebuilding of the cathedral was out of the question.
After the events of the Time of Troubles, Tver remained devastated and plundered. According to the scribe book of 1625-1626. in the city, with 544 residential yards, there were 1450 empty places, the inhabitants of which either died or left Tver.
The disasters of the beginning of the 17th century affected the state of the Transfiguration Cathedral. In 1625, several years after the Polish-Lithuanian intervention, traces of robberies were still observed in the cathedral. The scribe's book brings to our attention: "The old royal doors and canopy, and pillars were salaries, there is nothing to salary." "Deesis standing ... eleven icons were overlaid with silver, bassmen, gilded, and now stripped." The altar cross, church vessels, vestments, sewn from expensive fabrics and decorated with precious stones, disappeared from the cathedral church. In the sacristy there are many icons with “torn off” salaries, apparently taken out of the destroyed churches 14 .
During a fire in 1616, the roof of the Savior was badly damaged. The extremely disastrous situation of the main Tver church, at the end of the Time of Troubles, is confirmed by the sentinel book of 1616. It says that the "tops" at the cathedral church "were made of wood." This means that the roof of the cathedral church was covered with a wooden plowshare, which indicates the extremely plight of Tver, which had not yet recovered from the severe upheavals of the Time of Troubles 15 .
Having stood for more than 300 years, having endured many disasters and survived many fires, the cathedral was very dilapidated and lost its former splendor. In 1622, in order to prevent further destruction of the temple, the Moscow journeyman Mikhail Ushakov strengthened the western wall, which had retreated and threatened to collapse. The sovereign's charter prescribed to him: "in Tver at the Cathedral Church of the Transfiguration of Christ ... bad spoiled places - the front wall and under that wall to bring a stone bull ... and forge the threshold with a three-toed stone on lime as before" 16.
The charter, signed by the sovereign's clerk Peter Mikulin in 1625, states that "stone reserves for that stone handicraft" (retaining wall) were taken from old churches located in the former princely courtyard .
In 1633, the father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, Patriarch Filaret, died, and the sovereign distributed large donations to churches and monasteries to commemorate the soul of the deceased parent. Condescending to the requests of the Tver Archbishop Euthymius II, Fyodor Mikhailovich sent a significant amount of money to build a new cathedral church in Tver. In 1634 St. Euthymius undertook a major overhaul of the cathedral church. The remains of dilapidated princely temples and chambers were used as building material. . Sheds were built next to the construction site, in which bricks were made from local clay.
The period from 1633-1635, according to historians, is a possible time for the appearance of five domes on the Tver Spas. Saint Euthymius II completed the repair of the cathedral church in two years and consecrated it in 1635 17 .
The meager information contained in written sources about the construction work in the cathedral in the period 1634-1635 made it possible for the first Tver historian and local historian D.I. Karmanov to suggest that in 1634-1635. The building of the temple, built under Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tverskoy, was completely demolished, and a new Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was erected.
At the turn of the 1960s - 1970s, this opinion was challenged by I.I. Sokolov, who stated that in 1634-1635, they did not erect a new cathedral, but made a major overhaul of the old building, accompanied by “relaying part of the walls and, probably, partial laying of the foundation” 18. Local historians A.D. and E.A. The Vinogradovs fully agreed with the opinion of I.I. Sokolova, adding that: “the upper part of the cathedral, which was most severely damaged in the fire of 1616, was dismantled and relocated. Tver Cathedral became five-domed, with two domes of aisles” 19 .
The main shrine of the Tver Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was the relics of the holy noble Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver, who was executed in the Horde in 1318 and buried in the cathedral. The first acquisition of the relics of the holy prince dates back to 1411. After standing for some time in the temple for honoring and worship, the stone sarcophagus with the relics was again hidden under a bushel. This happened after another fire that devastated Tver in 1537, under the Tver Bishop Akakiy, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible 20 .
In 1633, Archbishop Euthymius II burned with a desire to once again raise the relics of St. Prince Michael and place them in a worthy shrine. The exact burial place of the holy prince, by this time, was forgotten. They found an old cathedral priest, Father Fyodor, who remembered how, in his early youth, he served at the holy relics. The coffin of the prince-martyr was taken out from under a bushel. Vladyka covered it with a rich veil and left it until the construction of a new sarcophagus . The chapel, in which the coffin with the relics was placed, was consecrated by Archbishop Euthymius II in the name of the holy Grand Duke Michael, composed a service and ordered prayers to be performed to the holy noble prince Michael of Tver.
In 1665, during the reign of Tver lord Lavrenty, pestilence raged in Tver. People died in such numbers that there was no one to bury the dead. Archbishop Lavrenty decided to seek spiritual help from the Tver saints. He planned to fulfill the cherished dream of Archbishop Euthymius II, which he was never able to realize - to shift the relics of Prince Michael into a new shrine. The Council of Priests ordered the whole city to fast for a week. At the end of the fast, the vigil was served. The next day, after the end of the liturgy, the holy relics were transferred to a new richly decorated wooden shrine.
Archbishop Lavrentiy established in Tver and its environs the celebration of the Transfer of the Honorable Relics of Prince Michael annually on September 30th. After that, the pestilence subsided and soon stopped altogether. .
After a major overhaul in 1634–1635, the Transfiguration Cathedral stood for about fifty more years, and then fell into such disrepair that it became dangerous to be in it and it was dismantled. On the site of the old cathedral church, under Bishop Sergius of Tver, a new building of the Transfiguration Cathedral was built, destroyed by the Bolsheviks in 1935.
The time of construction of the new cathedral building is believed to be between 1689 and 1696. The relics of St. Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich, for the period of construction of the cathedral church, were transferred to the bishop's house church of the Origin of the Honest Trees of the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord. A stone sarcophagus was also placed here, in which the relics lay under a bushel. After the construction of the Spassky Cathedral was completed, the holy relics were returned to the main temple in Tver. The stone sarcophagus was left in the house bishop's church of the Origin of the Honest Trees. During the next fire in Tver, the bishop's house church burned out, the stone sarcophagus became red-hot and broke into pieces. These pieces were kept for a long time in the cathedral 21 .
Bishop Sergius based the plan for the construction of a new Tver cathedral church on a drawing of the Great Assumption Cathedral in Moscow. Vladyka built the temple at his own expense from hewn slabs of white oxbow stone. Only the vaults of the temple, to give the building lightness, were laid out of brick . The new temple was five-domed, with three entrances - from the western, southern and northern sides. The altar of the temple is arranged in the same way as in the Assumption Cathedral.
V. I. Kolosov names the following chapels of the new cathedral: “In the middle section of the altar, the main altar is in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, on the right side is a chapel in the name of the Presentation of the Most Pure Mother of God, on the left - in the name of the holy noble prince Michael” 22.
The interior decoration of the new cathedral was magnificent. Its iconostasis consisted of five tiers, the height of the iconostasis was 10 fathoms. In all tiers, all icons are overlaid with gilded silver along the shoulders and edges 23 . The floor in the temple was cast iron.
Under Bishop Varlaam (1714-1720), the chapel in the name of St. Prince Michael, arranged by Euthymius II, in the absence of a sacristy tent, was simplified and turned into a bishop's sacristy. The holy relics were placed behind the bishop's place, under a gilded canopy.
Under Archbishop Mitrofan (Slotvinsky), the dilapidated cathedral bell tower was dismantled to the ground, and in its place, in 1753, according to the project of I.Ya. Schumacher, laid a new stone bell tower, the construction of which was completed in 1755.
This bell tower, damaged after a fire in 1763, according to the documents of the Moscow archive of the Ministry of the Imperial Court, was repaired by M.F. Kazakov. The bell tower of the Spassky Cathedral was one of the earliest works of the famous architect.
In 1748, Bishop Mitrofan built in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior, for the relics of Mikhail of Tver, a magnificent shrine in the French style, overlaid with chased gilded silver. On the right side of the cathedral, near the iconostasis, in the chapel of the Entry into the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos, a recess was made in the wall. Here they placed a shrine with the relics of the holy prince, and here it remained until the destruction of the temple.
In 1902, the holy relics were transferred to a new silver reliquary, built in the Byzantine style, following the model of the grand ducal tomb of Yaroslav the Wise. The weight of the silver frame of the new shrine was about 30 kg. Under Archbishop Pavel (1800-1803), on donations from the merchant P.L. Tatarintsev and cathedral warden N.S. Barmin, silver clothes were arranged on the main altar, all the icons of the local row of the iconostasis were dressed in silver gilded salaries.
The cathedral church, having stood for many years, had no heating and remained cold. In severe frosts, the Bishops of Tver served in the Ascension Church. Archbishop Gregory (1831-1848) decided to fill this gap by installing Amos stove heating in the Spas. With such heating, stoves are arranged in the basement, hot air, passing through special air ducts, warms the building.
In the spring of 1844, the cathedral archpriest Ivan Lovyagin led the work to deepen the cellars for the construction of furnaces. During the work, the builders repeatedly found ancient burial places in the cellars. Archpriest I. Lovyagin was greatly embarrassed because he had to disturb the sacred ashes of the departed. He turned to the Tver diocesan authorities with a corresponding statement. In order not to disturb the sacred graves, it was decided to build a new warm temple. The idea of building a new cathedral appealed to the then governor of Tver, A.P. Bakunin. Provincial architect I.F. Lvov was instructed to draw up a draft of "another warm Cathedral, with a designation and a place where it can be erected, as close as possible to the cold Cathedral existing in Tver, so that the bell ringing could conveniently serve for both cathedrals."
According to the project of I.F. Lvov, the new temple was to be located at the entrance to the Khimik stadium. In this case, Palace Square, located on the territory of the stadium, became cramped for military parades, and it was supposed to be moved closer to the Znamenskaya Church. The project included major construction work: the demolition of buildings surrounding the Palace Square, the reconstruction of the Old Bridge. The church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker "in skits" fell under the demolition. For financial reasons, the project remained only on paper. There was no money in the city treasury for the production of such large-scale works. Thanks to this, the surviving St. Nicholas Church served the townspeople faithfully for another century. In 1847, Amosovsky heating was installed in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral 24 .
The last major repair of the temple took place under Archbishop Gabriel (1848-1857). Under him, the entire cathedral was renovated both inside and out. The iconostasis was gilded, the wall paintings were updated. The artist Myagkov painted two pictures for the Savior: the Apostle Paul preaching in the Areopagus of Athens, and the Savior feeding five thousand people with five loaves. From the outside of the cathedral, a new stone porch was arranged and a new roof was covered on the cathedral. The lower tier of the iconostasis was last renovated in 1863 25 .
In 1850, a new striking clock was installed on the cathedral bell tower. The clock had four dials, looking at all directions of the world. Every 15 minutes, the watch chimed: 15 minutes - one strike, 30 minutes - 2 strikes, 45 minutes - 3 strikes. Every hour 4 strikes sounded, then the strikes of a large bell followed, striking the hours according to the indication of the large hand 26.
The clock bells were located on the upper tier of the bell tower. On the middle tier there were 12 main bells. Among them was a bell - a giant weighing 1025 pounds (more than 16 tons), cast in Moscow and installed on the bell tower in January 1854. The second large bell, cast in 1717, weighed 500 pounds (8 tons). The oldest bell was cast in the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible 27 . All work was carried out on the sums collected by zealous citizens and Tver merchants.
A lot of local historical events and memories are associated with the cathedral church for the Tverites. Marriages of the princes of Tver took place in the cathedral church: in 1294, Bishop Andrei consecrated the marriage of the holy noble prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver and the holy noble princess Anna Dmitrievna (Kashinskaya); in 1320, Bishop Barsanuphius I married Grand Duke Dmitry Mikhailovich to Princess Maria, daughter of the Lithuanian prince Gediminas; in 1375, Bishop Euthymius married Grand Duke John Mikhailovich to Maria, the daughter of the Lithuanian prince Keistus.
The cathedral was the tomb of Tver princes, princesses and bishops. In addition to the holy noble prince Mikhail Yaroslavich, the following were buried in the temple: his son, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, grandson Feodor Alexandrovich, who were martyred in the Horde. Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich, bishops and archbishops of Tver, and noble citizens rested in the Cathedral of the Savior.
Nikolai Alekseevich Zabelin collected the most complete and reliable information about the necropolis of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral 28 . He established the names of 32 Tver residents, who, over many centuries, found their rest in the walls of the cathedral church. Not all burials of the Spassky Cathedral are mentioned in the annals, which means that we are not destined to find out the names of many of our eminent ancestors buried in the cathedral church in Tver.
When in 1485 the Tver Principality became part of the Muscovite State, the Tver princes and boyars, in the cathedral, swore allegiance to Emperor John III. In 1546, Ivan the Terrible visited the cathedral.
In the new period of Tver's history, the temple was visited by almost all our sovereigns. Catherine II especially favored Tver, to whom Tver owes its revival after the devastating fire of 1763.
Early Sunday morning, the sun was rising over the Tver Spas, gently licking the roof of the apse, spreading its rays over Cathedral Square. Still sticky green leaves stretched towards the sun, thin spring blades of grass and blades of grass turned the stems to the life-giving warmth. On the temple belfry, having softened from the spring warmth, a sixteen-ton bell, a giant, dozed off. And at this time, the small bell brethren started a squabble.
"What's in there?" - looking down, asked the smallest curious bell. "What's in there?" he repeated his question, “What is there?” And he began to frequent, like a capricious child: “What is there! What's there! What is there!
“Sunshine,” the larger bells answered, and everyone rejoiced at once: sun, sun, sun!
The giant woke up - a mess! Yes, as "ahnet" in the air. "Quiet!". The small bells fell silent, but not for long.
The little restless bell again asks: "Why?" The giant menacingly reasoned with the bully "Quiet!", And he for his "Why?"
Over Tver, God's day flared up with such beauty and splendor that the giant could not stand it and, together with the smaller brothers-bells, began to glorify the dawning morning. The giant bell “gasps” solidly, they sing - smaller bells are poured. And such glee filled the air!
The old archpriest Ivan Lovyagin hurried through Cathedral Square to the temple, and he froze, spellbound by the singing of Sunday bells. Joy and grace filled the soul of the priest, tears of gratitude boiled in his eyes. Father John examined the Cathedral Square, the strict and stately Savior, the high fretted bell tower, young bright greenery, listened to the jubilation of the bells, bowed low to the ancient temple and said: “Glory to God for everything!”.
And no one knew that the holy Savior had not long to live. On the same serene spring days, restless bells will be thrown down and broken, the walls of the ancient temple will fly into the air and crumble, and the old father John, who comforted and encouraged his flock all his life, directed lost souls on the true path, will end his days on the prison bunks.
Tragic pages in the history of the Tver Spas began in October 1920, when the People's Commissar of Justice issued a decree on the liquidation of the relics of Mikhail of Tver and Bishop Arseny of Tver.
On May 12, 1929, the Presidium of the Tver City Council decided to close the cathedral. On February 12, 1930, Tverskaya Pravda published an appeal: “to demolish the entire bell tower of the Tver Cathedral” 29 .
In 1934 , after closing, the iconostasis was destroyed in the temple, all the icons and church utensils were taken out. They took out the relics of the holy noble prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tverskoy. The fate of the relics of the holy prince is not known to this day. The shrine, in which the holy relics rested, was later found in the storerooms of the Museum of Local Lore.
The destruction of the cathedral began with the bell tower. She stood close to the roadway and they were afraid to blow her up. The bell tower was dismantled tier by tier by hand. From top to bottom, wooden troughs made of boards were arranged and bricks were lowered along them. Crosses flew down, clocks were dismantled. One by one the bells fell to the ground. The small bells that were broken during the fall did not cause any trouble. And over the largest, also overthrown down, they set up a tripod made of logs and pricked the bell with a heavy cast-iron ball.
This is how Valery Zakharov, a witness and participant in these events, recalls those fateful days: “We had to carry out preparatory work: to punch holes in the walls and foundations - cylindrical holes to a depth of more than a meter, and then to make a stemming - to close them with a solution of clay with sand. But this is already after the Moscow brigade from Soyuzvzryvprom. She planted dynamite cartridges and electric detonators in explosive chambers - Muscovites already had experience in this area. Ripped at night. After the signal, one of the Moscow bombers turned on the switch, the detonators went off, and there was a dull explosion. The cathedral seemed to be lifted a little, and it began to gently settle, as if spreading. .
So the ancient temple died - the pride and beauty of Tver. The last time the townspeople admired the domes of the Spas was on April 3, 1935. On the night of April 3-4, 1935, the cathedral was blown up.
Explosive work turned the temple into a pile of construction debris, which was taken out and cleaned up until 1936. The initiators of the explosion found use for the remnants of the Tver shrine: “Hewn stones from the walls of the cathedral were used in laying the basement of the Volga embankment fence in the City Garden, and the fence itself was used for the fence, removed from both sides of the passage from the Old Bridge to Cathedral Square. Broken bricks and small fragments of wall stones, mixed with bones - the remains of those buried in the cathedral - went to fill the exit from Sovetskaya Street to the former pontoon bridge connecting the city and the Volga parts of the city.
Cathedral Square was renamed Revolution Square. In 1937, it was completely cleared and turned into a public garden. In the center of the square, a sculptural group was installed - communist leaders Lenin and Stalin sitting on a bench.
During the Nazi occupation, the Germans blew up the monument to Lenin and Stalin and turned the former Cathedral Square into a German cemetery. In the spring of 1942, after the city was liberated from the invaders, the German cemetery was destroyed. In 1955, on the former Cathedral Square, a monument to M.I. Kalinin.
Before the explosion, the Transfiguration Cathedral was measured by Moscow architects-restorers S.S. Chizhov, E.B. Sheremetyeva and V. Lyapunova . In October 1991 at the State Research Museum. A.V. Shchusev, discovered a complete set of original measurement drawings of the Savior and the bell tower, made in 1930-1935. More than 50 photographs of the cathedral were also found, made before the explosion of the temple 31 . These finds gave hope for the possibility of restoring the destroyed shrine. In 1990, it became known that part of one of the two iconostases of the destroyed Savior had been preserved. It turned out that the three-meter cathedral icons served as ceilings within the Resurrection Cathedral Church 32 .
In 2003, the Tver Regional Charitable Foundation "Sobor" was established. The main task of the foundation is the reconstruction of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral.
In 2008, a wooden chapel in the name of "All Saints of Tver" was built by the community of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, on the former Cathedral Square. The project of the chapel was developed by the Tver architect V. Kurochkin. On September 27, 2008, the chapel was consecrated by the Archbishop of Tver and Kashinsky Victor, and a prayer sounded again on Cathedral Square.
In 2010, Revolution Square was returned to its original name - Cathedral Square, and a collection of donations for the restoration of the temple began. At the end of summer - beginning of autumn, the monument to M.I. was removed from the Cathedral Square. Kalinin, he was placed in a park on Kalinin Avenue, not far from the Proletarka House of Culture.
November 6, 2014 is a historic day for the residents of Tver. On this day, Metropolitan of Tver and Kashinsky Victor performed a prayer service at the beginning of the construction of the cathedral and laid the foundation for the revival of the main temple of the Tver land.
On May 15, 2015, Bishop Victor performed the rite of laying the foundation stone for the Transfiguration Cathedral. A commemorative brick with a particle of the relics of the Hieromartyr Thaddeus (Uspensky) was laid at the base of the temple being revived.
In 1992, the shrine was returned to the Church, in which the relics of the holy noble prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver were buried. Over the long years of storage, the shrine had become very dilapidated and needed expensive restoration. The Sobor Charitable Foundation took care of the restoration of Mikhail Tverskoy's shrine. Currently, the cancer is installed in the Tver Resurrection Cathedral. Upon completion of the construction of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, cancer will take its rightful place in the revived temple.
The main temple of the Tver land began its new life. On August 19, 2016, the first liturgy for the patronal feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord was held in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral under construction.
1 Salimov A.M. 2015 p. 82
3 Salimov 1994 S. 20, 21
4 Mikhnya S.B. 2012, From 23-26
5 Salimov A.M. 1994 S. 21-42
6 Finkelstein V.B. 1996, p. 39
7 Ovsyannikov N.N. 1994 p. 262
8 Salimov A.M.1994 S.61-65
9 Cheredeev K. Tver 1859 1994 P. 272-278
10 Salimov A.M. 1994 P. 69
11 Voronin (electronic resource). Tver Kremlin in the 15th century
12 Mikhnya 2008, p. 26
13 Karavaeva E.M. Cathedral of the Spassky Monastery in Yaroslavl //AN M., 1963 T.15 C.4
14 Vinogradovs E.A., A.D. 2002 p. 101
15 Salimov A.M. 1994 C142-147
16 Columns of the former archive of the Armory M., 1913 Issue 2 S. 469
17 Finkelstein V.B. 1996, 144–145
18 Sokolov I.I. Stone architecture in TV
The white-stone Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior ("Savior-gold-domed") - the oldest stone temple of the city of Tver, the main cathedral of the Grand Duchy of Tver - was located in the very center of the Tver Kremlin on Cathedral Square (Revolution Square).
ancient cathedral
The first Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior was founded in the year by the Holy Right-Believing Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver and the first Bishop of Tver, Simeon. The construction of the temple was completed in a year, and two years later the painting of the cathedral was completed. The Tver Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior was the first white-stone church in Rus' built after the Mongol-Tatar invasion. Its construction stimulated the construction of temples in a number of Russian cities.
In - years, a three-tiered bell tower was erected to the south-west of the cathedral. In the middle of the 19th century, a bell weighing more than 1000 pounds was installed on the bell, the sound of which was heard anywhere in the city. On the bell tower, just below the dome, there was a clock with four dials, looking at all directions of the world. The dials, each about two meters in diameter, were painted in dark blue, against which the gilded numbers and hands stood out brightly.
At the beginning of the century, the temple, majestic on the outside, was a magnificent sight inside as well - it had an old iconostasis of the 17th century, numerous icons of Tver writing, old liturgical books and church utensils, paintings, frescoes and icons by artists Orlov, Myagkov, Kolokolnikov. In the year a new shrine was installed in the cathedral with the relics of the right-believing Prince Mikhail of Tverskoy. The decoration of the temple was also its choir, whose regent was A.V. Alexandrov, who later became the founder and leader of the song and dance ensemble of the Soviet Army and the author of the USSR anthem.
In the year the Transfiguration Cathedral was closed.
The cathedral itself was blown up on the night of 4 April. Hewn stones from the walls of the cathedral were used to lay the basement of the Volga embankment fence in the city garden, and broken brick mixed with bones - the remains of the Tver princes and lords buried in the cathedral - went to backfill the exit from Sovetskaya Street to the former pontoon bridge (recesses in the City Garden).
In 1998, a square with a concrete sculpture of Stalin and Lenin in the middle was laid out on the site of the blown up cathedral.
In October of the year, a German cemetery was arranged here, which was liquidated after the liberation of the city.
After the war, the square was restored, and a monument to Kalinin was erected in the middle of it.
Cathedral revival
In the year a group of archaeologists led by V.A. Bulkina, P.D. Malygin and A.M. Salimova conducted architectural and archaeological excavations at the site of the Transfiguration Cathedral. During the research, the remains of the foundation of the cathedral were found and its exact location was determined.
In the year a book by A.M. Salimov "Tver Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior", in which the surviving drawings and documents related to the temple were published.
In the year on the site of the destroyed Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior, a cross and a stone were erected, on which it is written: "This stone was installed on July 7, 2002, during the reign of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' and with the blessing of the Archbishop of Tver and Kashin, Victor, to mark the beginning of work on the restoration of the Tver Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior (Destroyed in 1935)".
In the year, work began to recreate the shrine in its original place.
Coordinates : 46°29′00″ s. sh. 30°43′53″ E d. / 46.483333° N. sh. 30.731389° E d.(G) (O) (I)46.483333 , 30.731389
Odessa Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral- the largest Orthodox church in Odessa; laid down in 1794; consecrated in 1808, destroyed in 1936. After restoration, it was re-consecrated in 2001 - the chapel of the bell tower; in 2002 - the lower temple; in 2003 - the upper temple. The main altar of the cathedral was consecrated by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Kirill on July 21, 2010.
The cathedral, in the course of its architectural development, reflected the level of development of Odessa and the entire region. Being a small religious building at the beginning of the 19th century, it became one of the largest cathedrals in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The cathedral could accommodate up to 12 thousand people at a time, and the Cathedral Square of Odessa was the main square of the city, where all major city holidays began and took place. The Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral to the beginning became the main temple of New Russia.
Base
Construction history
Postcard with a view of the cathedral in the 19th century Postcard with a photograph of the cathedral at the beginning of the 20th centuryReconstructions
Considering that Odessa became the diocesan center of the Kherson diocese in 1837, the Transfiguration Cathedral became a cathedral. There was a need to expand it.
By order of the Archbishop of Kherson and Taurida Gabriel (Rozanov) in 1841, the architect D. Heidenreich developed a project for the refectory, which combined the bell tower and the old church. Partial reconstructions of the cathedral were carried out in the period -1880, and in 1894 a major overhaul of the cathedral was carried out.
The architectural shortcomings of the cathedral, which arose during multiple completions, were corrected during the last reconstruction in -1903, for which 220,000 rubles were spent from the city treasury. The reconstruction included not only a change in the facades, but also a significant restructuring of the interiors. Two side domes were built during this period, and a portico was built towards the eastern façade. The bell tower was also decorated.
The interior of the temple was magnificent. The first thing that struck at the entrance to the temple was the abundance of light and spaciousness. The columns in the interior in the Corinthian order were lined with artificial white marble. The floor is made of white marble slabs. The new iconostasis is made of grayish-white polished marble. A domed canopy on independent columns towered above the throne.
After the reconstruction in 1903, the cathedral became one of the largest churches in the Russian Empire and could accommodate up to 9,000 people. Its dimensions in plan were 90x45 meters, and the height of the bell tower was 72 meters.
Destruction
... walked along Tolstoy Street ... (in the direction of the cathedral) ... a whole crowd - quiet and modest ... approaching the porch, where it was no longer crowded, I managed to see what was there. Bell. Huge, taller than me. It seemed to ring slightly from the tense standing around. From the huddled crowd. It was as if it was a living being - fallen down and giving up the spirit ... I looked at the bell ... which was heard in all corners of Odessa and even near the Dniester bank of Belyaevka. And which will never ring again ... However, the real funeral of the cathedral was yet to come - a few days later it took off into the air ... shaking the whole district with a terrible roar. It took off so that window panes flew out on Tolstoy Street, although the day before they were ordered to be sealed.
- Gridin V. Explosion on Cathedral Square.
On the day of the destruction of the cathedral, Cathedral Square was cordoned off by troops. The destruction of the temple attracted a large number of citizens, who were pushed back to the nearby streets.
After the demolition of the cathedral building, the city authorities decided to arrange entertainment venues in its place. It was planned to place a toilet on the site of the main altar. Only the intercession of the world luminary of science, academician V.P. Filatov, saved the holy place from desecration - a fountain with a large marble vase in the form of a flower (later called the Filatov vase) was installed in place of the altar. After the restoration of the Cathedral in 2005, this fountain was moved to the site of the city's first fountain on Cathedral Square.
Separately, it is worth mentioning how the authorities dealt with the ashes of persons buried in the cathedral. Before the explosion, the remains of the Vorontsovs were removed from the sarcophagus by workers in the presence of policemen. The coffins were plundered, as if by marauders - a saber and orders were stolen from the coffin of M. S. Vorontsov. From the coffin of E. K. Vorontsova - decorations that were on the deceased. The golden robes of the dead were also stolen. As a result, only skeletons remained, which were transported to a cemetery located in a poor area of Odessa - Krasnaya Slobodka. There they were thrown out just at the cemetery fence. Only thanks to the efforts of ordinary Odessans, the remains were appropriately buried in the cemetery.