Lombardy is considered one of the richest regions in Europe, and its GDP accounts for 21% of Italy's gross domestic product. Thanks to cheap electrical energy from Alpine hydroelectric power stations, electrical enterprises, cotton and shoe factories, and branches of the FIAT automobile concern are concentrated here. There are also many interesting sights in Lombardy, which are several thousand years old.

Lombardy is where the Mediterranean world meets continental Europe. The region is located in northern Italy, in the center, between the Alps (Alpi) and the Po River. The main city of the region is (Milano), located at a distance of 573 km.

The territory of Lombardy occupies 24 km2, and 10 million people live here, which is 1/6 of the population of all of Italy. Therefore, Lombardy is the most populated region of the country.

Lombardy includes twelve provinces:

• (Provincia di Bergamo) - stretches from the center to the east of the region;
• Milan (Provincia di Milano) - west of Bergamo;
• Brescia (Provincia di Brescia) – east of the region;
• (Provincia di Como) - in the northwest of Bergamo;
• Cremona (Provincia di Cremona) - south of Bergamo;
• Lecco (Provincia di Lecco) – between Bergamo and Como;
• Lodi (Provincia di Lodi) - west of Cremona;
• (Provincia di Mantova) – southeastern province;
• Monza e Brianza (Provincia di Monza e della Brianza) - west of Bergamo, between Milan and Lecco;
• Pavia (Provincia di Pavia) – southwest of Lombardy;
• Sondrio (Provincia di Sondrio) – north;
• Varese (Provincia di Varese) – north-west.

In the north of Lombardy is Switzerland, in the south is the region (Emilia-Romagna), in the west is (Piemonte). In the southeast there is the region (Veneto), in the southwest - (Trentino-Alto Adige).

47% of the region's territory is occupied by plains, 41% by mountains, and the rest by hills.

Although Lombardy is a densely populated area, there are 24 regional parks, 65 nature reserves, and 30 natural monuments. In addition, the Stelvio National Park (Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio) is located here. In total, 29% of the region’s lands are under state protection, mainly mountainous areas.

Story

Several periods can be distinguished in the history of Lombardy. The first is early history and the era of the Romans. The second is the conquest of these lands by barbarians, the third is the period of prosperity and decline of the Duchy of Milan. Also, special mention should be made of the era of Bonaparte, the formation of the Kingdom of Italy and modern history.

Early period

People lived in the territory of Lombardy already in the 3rd millennium BC, as evidenced by archaeological excavations in the area of ​​the Po River. In the 5th century BC. Etruscans settled in Central and Eastern Lombardy. A hundred years later, the lands were captured by Celtic tribes. The Insubres settled in the west of Lombardy, the Cenomanians - in the east of the region, in the lower part of the island. Garda and on the coast of the Po River.

At the end of the 3rd century. BC. the Romans came here. The Kenomans were their allies from the beginning, so military operations were carried out mainly against the Insubrs. When the Romans gained a foothold in Lombardy, cities such as Como and Mantova appeared. The first became the birthplace of the historian Pliny, the second - the poet Virgil. During this period, Milan, or as the Romans called it Mediolanum, greatly strengthened its position: the city became an important political and religious center. Here a decree was signed in 313, which guaranteed Christians freedom of religion.

Under the rule of the barbarians

After the fall, barbarians invaded the territory of Lombardy, and in the 6th century. - Longobards, an ancient Germanic tribe that gave its name to the region. They conquered the northern part of Italy, founding the Lombard Kingdom (Regno dei Longobardi), the capital of which was Pavia.

The Lombards adopted the religion of the conquered (previously they were Arians) and were subject to strong cultural influence from the indigenous peoples. As a result, three centuries later, the Lombards could rightfully be called not a Germanic, but an Italian tribe.

In 774, the troops of the Frankish king Charlemagne conquered these lands and became part of his empire, which, however, did not last long - and in 843 it broke up into three parts. Lombardy became part of the Middle Kingdom. Then followed protracted wars and the transfer of Lombardy territories from hand to hand.

In 1167, the inhabitants of Lombardy united with other regions of northern Italy in the fight against the Holy Roman Empire, which was centered in Germany. In the same year, the Lombard League completely defeated the imperial army, after which the Lombard cities began to prosper thanks to the enterprise of local merchants. They paid special attention to the development of banking houses and mortgage offices, which became known as “pawnshops.”

Duchy of Milan

Milan received particular development, whose authority was recognized by many cities of Lombardy, including Bergamo, Brescia, Cremona, Pavia. Thanks to this, a powerful state was created in northern Italy, whose ruler Gian Galeazzo I (Gian Galeazzo Visconti) received the title of Duke of Milan in 1395. His family ruled until 1447, until the death of the last representative of the family.

In 1450, the Milanese invited Francesco Sforza, the father-in-law of the last of the Visconti family, to rule the city. He returned the lost prosperity to the duchy and established good relations with (Venezia) and (Firenze), uniting in 1454 into the Italian League (Lega Italica). Thanks to this, peace reigned in these lands for twenty-five years.

The Milanese paid special attention to painting, poetry, science and technical innovations.

At the beginning of the 16th century. The northern part of Italy was occupied by the French. They captured Lombardy, captured the Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, and took him to France, where he died eight years later in captivity. In 1534, Lombardy was captured by the Spaniards, and Mantua remained the only independent state, which existed as a duchy for another two hundred years.

New story

At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries. Another war broke out, after which Milan, Mantua and Montferrat went to Austria. At the end of the 18th century. Bonaparte captured the lands of Lombardy. Under Napoleon, Milan again became the main city of Northern Italy. After the fall of Bonaparte, the local lands again belonged to Austria.

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In 1859, most of Lombardy managed to free itself from the Austrians, and joined the Kingdom of Sardinia (Regno di Sardegna). Two years later, the Lombard lands became part of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia), which united all independent Italian territories into a single state under the rule of the Kingdom of Sardinia.

During World War II, Lombardy was the last stronghold of the fascist regime in Italy. Here in 1943 the Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana) was proclaimed, the center of which was the small town of Salò, located near Lake Garda. In 1945, Lombardy was liberated, and the fascist dictator near Como was captured, shot, after which his body was hanged next to one of the gas stations.

Although numerous bombings severely damaged Lombardy, the Italians quickly restored the economy - and the area is now considered one of the most developed Italian regions.

There is a branch of an automobile concern, enterprises involved in the production of electrical equipment, and a hydroelectric power station. Now Lombardy is one of the most developed economic regions of the EU.

Attractions

Lombardia has a lot of attractions. The most interesting cities for travelers are the capital of the region, Milan, as well as Bergamo, Brescia, Pavia, Como, and Mantua.

Milan

The symbol is one of the largest temples in Europe - built of white marble in the Flamboyant Gothic style.

The second symbol of the city is the prototype of the Kremlin, (Castello Sforzesco), built in the 14th century. Leonardo da Vinci worked on its design at one time. There are several museums within the castle walls, so you can get inside with a single ticket. On Thursday afternoons and an hour before closing, you can tour the fortress for free.

In addition to the above, Milan has many interesting places, including:

1. Monastery of St. Mary of the Blessed (Chiesa e Convento Domenicano di Santa Maria delle Grazie), on the walls of whose refectory is Leonardo da Vinci’s painting “The Last Supper” (Il Cenacolo);
2. Royal Villa (Villa Reale), where Napoleon's residence was located;
3. Ambrosian Temple (Basilica di Sant’Ambrogio), built in the 11th century. in the burial place of the first Christians;
4. Basilica of St. Lawrence (Basilica di San Lorenzo Maggiore);
5. Arch of Peace (Arco della Race);
6. Remains of a Roman amphitheater;
7. (La Scala);
8. Ambrosian Library (Biblioteca Ambrosiana), where manuscripts and drawings of Leonardo da Vinci are kept.

Milan has one of the best passages in Europe - (Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II), connecting the Cathedral and. There are various shops, cafes, and various events held here.

Milan is rightfully considered one of the capitals of fashion, so you can make a lot of interesting purchases here.

Several times a year, the city hosts a fashion week. New men's collections are shown here in January and June, and women's collections in February and September.

Brescia

Brescia is located in the foothills of the Alps, at an altitude of 150 m above sea level. The city will appeal to both tourists who prefer to quietly sightsee and lovers of active recreation: Brescia is located near lakes Garda, Iseo, Idro, and is surrounded by numerous forests.

Brescia was founded long before the Romans arrived here, and therefore is interesting from a historical point of view. There are still remains of Roman buildings, the ramparts have been converted into places for walking, and a fortified fortress, the castello di Brescia, rises on the steep cliff above the town.

Many of Brescia's sights are included in the UNESCO list. Among them is the Roman Forum (Foro Romano), the main square of the ancient city, the appearance of which dates back to the 1st century. BC. Although many of the buildings are in the form of foundations, the Roman temple Capitolium (Capitolium), erected in 73 AD, the Republican sanctuary, the Roman theater and some other buildings have been preserved. Also on the UNESCO list are the following temples:

1. Basilica of St. Salvatore (La basilica di San Salvatore) – 753 AD;
2. Temple of Santa Maria in Solario (La chiesa di Santa Maria in Solario) - XII century;
3. Choir of nuns (coro delle monache), one of the buildings of the monastery of St. Giulia (monastero di Santa Giulia) – XV century;
4. Church of St. Julia (la chiesa di Santa Giulia) – XVI century.

In addition to religious monuments, there are many other historical monuments here. Among them are the Loggia Palace (Palazzo della Loggia), the old town hall, and the Great Theater (Teatro Grande).

Bergamo

The city of Bergamo is the birthplace of such famous literary characters as Truffaldino, Brighella, Arlecchino. The main attractions are concentrated in the upper part of the city, protected by medieval walls, towers, a citadel, and a fortress.

The main attractions of Bergamo include the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore (Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore), as well as the Renaissance masterpiece Cappella Colleoni. Nearby are the Bergamo Cathedral – Cattedrale di Sant’Alessandro, and two former city hall buildings. In the center of Bergamo's main square, Piazza Vecchia, is the Contarini fountain, from which you can get drinking water on a hot sunny day.

Pavia

Pavia was founded by the Ligurians in the 2nd-1st centuries. BC. The city was of particular importance in the 6th-8th centuries. AD, when it was the main city of the Lombard kingdom.

There are a lot of religious buildings in Pavia. The main temple is the Duomo di Pavia, built at the end of the 15th century. Basilica of St. Michael (Basilica di San Michele Maggiore), built in the 11th century, is considered the prototype of many churches in Pavia. You should definitely visit the Carthusian monastery of Certosa di Pavia, which is the tomb of the Dukes Visconti and Sforza. Works by Ambrogio Bergognone, Pietro Perugino, Bernardino Luini, Guercino are kept here.

Of particular importance for the defense of the city was the Visconti fortress (Castello Visconteo), under whose walls a battle took place in 1525, where the French were defeated and their king Francis I was captured. Another attraction is the covered bridge across the river. Ticino, connecting the historical center of the city with the rest of it.

Mantua

Mantua is a city surrounded on three sides by water. Once it was even an island: in the 12th century. the defense system was organized in such a way that Mantua was surrounded by lakes. The city could only be reached via one of two bridges that still exist. In the 17th century one of the lakes had to be drained because the area became too swampy.

Among the attractions of Mantua one can highlight the Cathedral of St. Peter's (La cattedrale di San Pietro apostolo), the Basilica of St. Andrew (Basilica di Sant’Andrea), as well as the oldest temple of the city, Rotonda di San Lorenzo, near which there is a clock tower.

In Mantua, defensive towers, fortresses, and medieval gates are well preserved. The most famous palace in the city is Palazzo della Ragione, built in 1250. At various times it was a shelter for pilgrims, a city hall, a palace of justice and a notarial archive. Nowadays exhibitions and various events are held here. It is also worth visiting the Teatro Bibiena, built in 1769. Here in January 1770 the first concert of fourteen-year-old Mozart took place.

Como is located in a hilly area on the southern side of Lake Como. The city appeared long before our era, and existed already in the time of Pliny the Elder, which is confirmed not only by the words of the ancient Roman writer, but also by numerous excavations. Como is also known for being the birthplace of Italian silk: already in the 14th century. local residents raised silkworms and produced silk products.

There are many temples, castles, palaces, and magnificent villas in Como. Medieval walls, gates, and fortresses have been preserved. But the main attraction is Como, the third largest lake in Italy, whose greatest depth is 410 m.

Thermal resorts

Lombardy has all the conditions to create a network of well-developed resorts. There are several large lakes, many natural parks and reserves, and the northern part of Lombardy is ideal for skiing, snowboarding, and mountaineering.

There are six large and more than 20 stations. Among them are Livigno, Bormio, Santa Caterina Valfurva, Madesimo, Aprica and Valdidentro.

Lombardy is also rich in thermal resorts. The most famous are:

• Bormio Terme in Sondrio– water is indicated for the treatment of many diseases. Bormio Terme is not only a thermal resort, but also a ski resort;
• Baths of Valio Terme in Brescia– well suited for the treatment of the liver and digestive system, respiratory diseases;
• Baths of Angolo (Angolo Terme) in Brescia– treatment of cardiovascular, urinary, muscular systems, upper respiratory tract, metabolic disorders and otolaryngeal diseases. There are also ski resorts here;
• Terme di Franciacorta in Brescia– indicated for the treatment of respiratory, cardiovascular, joint and skeletal diseases, urinary and muscular systems, gastrointestinal tract, ear/throat/nose. It is also a ski resort;

• Baths of Sirmione Terme in Brescia near Lake Garda– water is suitable for the treatment of cardiovascular, genital, skin, joint and skeletal diseases, diseases of the muscular system;
• Thermal Baths of Boario in Brescia– the sulfate waters of the resort have various therapeutic properties.

There are also many thermal resorts near Bergamo (Terme Sant’Omobono, Terme di Trescore Balneario), Pavia (Miradolo Terme, Salice Terme, Rivanazzano Terme) and other areas.

How to get there

Getting to Lombardy is easy. There are many buses, trains, and planes traveling to the capital of the region, Milan. The journey takes from 3 to 10 hours, depending on the type of train: The Italotreno expressway moves the fastest. It is also easy to get here by train from the administrative centers of other regions of Italy. For example, the journey from Venice will take up to 2 hours, and from Venice – no longer than 4 hours.

You can also take an airplane. The largest in the region is (Aeroporto di Milano-Malpensa), located 50 km from the regional capital, in the province of Varese, near the commune of Ferno. The main city of Lombardy can be reached from here by bus or taxi.

At the same distance from Milan is the Caravaggio Orio al Serio Airport (Aeroporto di Bergamo-Orio al Serio or Aeroporto Internazionale Il Caravaggio). It is worth noting that it is located 3 km from Bergamo, but is officially assigned to Milan. From here you can take a bus to Milan and Bergamo.

Seven kilometers from Milan is Linate Airport (Aeroporto di Milano-Linate). It accepts short international and domestic flights. From Linate to Milan you can travel by bus or car.

The Italian region of Lombardy is the largest industrial center in Italy. Almost all industries are represented here, from textiles and heavy engineering to automobiles ( Alfa Romeo, Autobianchi, Maserati, Innocenti), electronics and precision mechanics. Let us mention the largest manufacturers of furniture (Brianza), tires (Pirelli), shoes (Vigevano), weapons (Beretta).

In fierce competition with Lazio, represented by European Milan and classical Rome, the Lombardy region boasts leadership in establishing the laws of fashion and innovation. The lifestyle in this region is tense and smart, practicality and calculation reign here.

Lombardy is proud of the richness of the region's water resources. The Po River originates here. There are lakes in the area Como, Garda And Iseo.

The mountainous sections of the Alps are dotted with winter resorts, the most famous of which are Bormio, Livigno, Santa Aprica, Caterina Valfurva, Madesimo, Ponte di Legno and Passo del Tonale.

Thermal springs Lombardy: Sirmione, Salice Terme, Boario Terme.

Provinces of Lombardy: Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi, Mantua, Milan, Pavia, Sondrio, Varese, Monza and Brianza.

Milan. The capital of Lombardy has recently been in open rivalry with Rome. The Italians themselves consider this rivalry healthy and useful. Milan calls itself the European (not Italian) capital. There is some truth in this: Milan is beautiful, businesslike, dynamic and rich. It seems that the Romans are not very impressed with the achievements of their opponent, although they recognize all his advantages.

Milan attracts tourists with fashionable boutiques and European architecture. Third largest Christian cathedral - Il Duomo is the pinnacle of architectural genius. Famous Opera House La Scala has a 300 year history. Let's not forget about the football team Milan, which is the pride of Italy.

Como. The city and the lake under one name, in one image and in one concept. This is a rare case for Italy of symbiosis of a continental resident and a natural phenomenon in a single cultural concept.

In fact, the inhabitants of this famous city in Lombardy moved towards the lake only in 59 BC, according to the decree issued by Julius Caesar (Lex Vatinia) on the creation of colonies to protect the borders of the Empire. This is how Novum Comum came into being.

Tourists come to Como to see: the Basilica of St. Abbondio, the Cathedral, the Casa del Fascio, the Public Theater, the Baradello Castle, the Church of St. Fidel.

Main airport in the region

Malpensa- Milan. It is the second largest international airport in Italy. Malpensa 1 airport provides intercontinental passenger transport, while Malpensa 2 carries international passengers. Linate Airport is specialized in domestic flights. The total traffic volume for Malpensa in 2010 exceeded 19 million passengers. Malpensa Airport was certified by ENAC (see above) in 2004. The airport offers a full range of business services for passengers.

Malpensa is located 48 km from Milan and is connected to the metropolis by a network of roads. The most convenient routes are the Malpensa Express train (Milan, Cadorna), Freccia Rossa (Milan, Central Station). Bus lines operate regularly from the stations Stazione Centrale di Milano, Fiera Milano City / Fiera Rho Pero.

Located in the northern part of the Apennine Peninsula, on the border with Switzerland, Lombardy is one of the largest regions of Italy, whose territory extends from the Alps to Padan Plain, offering travelers a great variety of landscapes.
Unique panoramas of the Alpine mountain range with its valleys Valkiavenna, Valtellina and Val Camonica simply fascinate with their beauty.
For lovers of winter sports, Lombardy offers a whole network of well-equipped popular ski resorts located in Tonale, Bormio, Livigno and Madesimo.
Lombardy is also characterized by rolling hills, such as the area famous for its vineyards and wineries. Franciacorta.
You can't ignore the big lakes. West Bank Lake Garda with the city of Sirmione and many other famous resort towns located here, it is a popular tourist destination. The extraordinary beauty is also undeniable Lake Como and Maggiore. The latter is surrounded by aristocratic villas, parks and charming medieval towns.

Being part of the Padan Plain, the Lombardy Lowland is covered with huge mirror-like surfaces of water, which made it possible to create numerous rice plantations here. This landscape is also typical for Lomellins, a region rich in folklore traditions, famous for its working women engaged in rice cultivation. This region is rich in many other characteristic features.
Thanks to its favorable geographical location and territorial resources, nature, history, art and culture are most harmoniously combined here with innovation, advanced technology, fashion, entertainment and modernity.
Provinces of Lombardy: Milan(administrative center of the region), Bergamo , Bresha , Como ,Cremona , Lecco , Lodi , Mantua , Monza and Brianza , Pavia , Sondrio , Varese .

Magnificent nature, priceless examples of art and architecture offer tourists a huge range of routes to explore Lombardy.

On the territory of the region there are as many as five sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List: the city of the Gonzaga dynasty of rulers - Mantua; "ideal city" of the Italian Renaissance - Sabbioneta; the church architectural ensembles of Sacri Monti (“Holy Mountains”), located in the area of ​​​​Varese and Ossuccio, are an object of religious pilgrimage; prehistoric cave paintings in the Valcamonica Valley; the Rhaetian Railway running through the mountainous regions of Albula and Bernina; the 19th-century industrial zone of Crespi d'Adda; and finally, the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, which houses the famous fresco by the great Leonardo da Vinci “The Last Supper”.

One of the world-famous architectural structures of Milan, of course, is the building of the famous La Scala Theater - the center of world opera culture. The castle of the Sforza dynasty, Castello Sforzesco, is distinguished by its exceptional beauty and is majestic, made of white marble Cathedral, dedicated to the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

You can’t ignore the city park Monza, on whose territory there is a modern racing autodrome; The royal palace is also located here Villa Reale. And finally, the cathedral, where the ancient “iron crown” is kept. According to legend, its alloy includes a nail from the cross on which Christ was crucified.

An interesting landmark of the city of Brescia is the Abbey of St. Savior Monastero di San Salvatore; and Cremona, the famous city of violin makers who reached the peak of fame thanks to the legendary Stradivarius, still preserves its wonderful ancient traditions, which you can get acquainted with by visiting the Stradivarius Museum.

The sights of Pavia, the so-called “City of a Hundred Towers”, are the Visconti Castle and the local University, Varese is rightfully considered a “garden province”, but Sondrio with its magnificent castle Castello Mazegra owes its charm to the mixture of eras and styles in its appearance.

The first historical novel in Italy, “The Betrothed,” by Alessandro Manzoni, brought glory to Lecco: the famous novel begins with a description of the eastern branch of Lake Como, at the southern point of which the town is located.

Bergamo is home to one of the largest art galleries in Italy, Carrara Academy, Colleoni Chapel And Donizetti Theater, dedicated to the world famous composer and Bergamo's most illustrious native.

Medieval Lodi is easily recognizable by the characteristic porticoes along Piazza della Vittoria, overlooked by the cathedral and town hall.
And finally Como, located at the very tip of the western arm of the lake of the same name, famous for its magnificent villas, including a majestic neoclassical building Villas Olmo.

The Lombardy region also offers a wide range of opportunities for mountaineering and other winter sports. Here you can go on excursions around the Grigna and Resegone (Lecco) mountain ranges or visit the ski resorts of Bormio, Livigno, Madesimo.

The mountains, plains and large lakes of Lombardy provide an excellent location for various types of recreation in direct contact with nature. Here you can play sports, relax, enjoying the tranquility of the local nature, or go on educational excursions around the territory of this region.
Lovers alpine skiing And snowboard world-class ski resorts await: Valcamonica and Valtellina with their popular centers of Livigno, Bormio, Aprica, offering their guests hundreds of kilometers of ski slopes.
In the summer, the mountains of Lombardy will give an unforgettable experience to everyone who dares to conquer the heights Adamello and other mountain peaks or decide to go rafting, trekking or mountain biking; and the glacier Stelvio offers thrill-seekers a chance to try their steep slopes even in the hottest months of the year.

Thermal spas of Lombardy, such as Terme di Boario and Terme di Bormio, famous for the healing qualities of their springs, allow you to take a break from the hustle and bustle of everyday life and enjoy the natural beauty of the parks that surround them.
Lakes Garda, Como and Iseo guarantee tourists relaxation and an entertainment-rich program of stay at their resorts. Here you can go sailing, windsurfing, water skiing, canoeing, cycling, trekking, as well as go on boat rides or excursions to local attractions.

Numerous and varied routes through the territory of this region will help travelers discover the most characteristic features of Lombardy: the architectural ensembles of Sacri Monti ("Holy Mountains"), included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, offer unique religious and naturalistic routes; the Valchiavenna Valley, considered for centuries a link between Italy and Northern Europe, introduces the ancient traditions of this distinctive land; parks near the canals "Navigli" covering the hills Brians and green river banks Adda, provide visitors with picturesque views.

A lot of wine connoisseurs and connoisseurs will find wine maras
shrouts, running through the surrounding area Valtellina, Lodigiano, Oltrepò Pavese, Mantova, as well as in the region Franciacorta, famous throughout the world for its sparkling wines. It's a unique journey between terraced fields and vineyard-covered hills, stopping at wineries and farms to taste fine wines and famous local delicacies.

Among the typical delicacies of Lombardy we can highlight the magnificent "saffron risotto", veal schnitzel Milanese "Cotoletta alla Milanese", Pavian egg soup “zuppa pavese al uovo”, pork stew with cabbage "casoela".

Buckwheat pasta "pizzokeri" and dry-cured beef fillet from Valtellina "bresaola", raw sausages from town Varzi, as well as various types of freshwater fish, including the famous grilled dried whitefish. Such aromatic varieties of cheeses as "gorgonzola", named after the town where it is produced, "mascarpone", "Lodigiano" "grana", "robiola", "bel paese".

The traditional sweet Christmas cake from Milan “panettone”, airy macaroons from Saronno “amaretti di Saronno”, hard crumbly cake from Mantua have received truly worldwide recognition "zbrizolone cake"), and also made from honey, sugar, egg whites, roasted almonds or other nuts, turron (nougat) from Cremona.

Some of the region's most famous wines include "Grumello", "Inferno", "Sassella della Valtellina", wines and sparkling wines of the region Franciacorta: "Bonarda" and "Barbera del Oltrepo Pavese".

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Lombardy located in the northern part, between the majestic Alps and the Po Valley. In modern terms, this is the most glamorous region of the country, where one of the world's fashion capitals is located, with the offices of the largest trading companies on the planet located in it, and where the population has the highest standard of living. In addition, the region is rich in beautiful lakes, as well as numerous winter and summer resorts, which annually welcome a large army of tourists from all over the world.

Peculiarities

Lombardy is divided into 12 provinces, including Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi, Mantua, Milan, Monza e Brianza, Pavia, Sondrio and Varese. There are not as many outstanding architectural masterpieces here as in Tuscany, Lazio or Veneto, but, nevertheless, millions of people come here every year to visit the local attractions, have a good rest and go shopping. As befits a well-developed region, Lombardy has excellent transport links and a well-developed infrastructure. In terms of GDP, the region is considered not only to be the leading region in its country, but also one of the most successful in the world. The most powerful electrical production center in Italy is located here, and the cotton industry is also steadily progressing. Lombardy is also famous for the high quality of agricultural products, including excellent wines that are popular all over the world.

general information

The region's territory covers an area of ​​almost 24,000 square meters. km, with a population of about 9.5 million people and the number of communes equal to 1546. Local time lags behind Moscow by 1 hour in summer and 2 in winter. Time zone UTC+1 and UTC+2 in the summer. Official website www.regione.lombardia.it.

A brief excursion into history

The name of the region comes from the German tribe of Lombards, who inhabited these lands many centuries ago. In the first centuries of our era, the Romans ruled here, and after the fall of the empire, some chaos reigned, accompanied by the division of the territory by several nationalities. In 951, King Otto I annexed Lombardy to the Roman-German Empire, whose hegemony was considered, however, very conditionally. Over the following centuries, the region was constantly fought over by European powers, and in 1797 Napoleon Bonaparte transformed it into the Cisalpine Republic. A little later, the region became part of the Italian Kingdom, and then, together with Venice, formed the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom. As a result of the Peace of Zurich concluded in 1859, Lombardy joined Italy, which it still belongs to today.

Climate

Weather conditions in the region are mild and have a large number of sunny days. In the summer months, the thermometer consistently exceeds +25, and in winter it does not fall below 0. In the alpine and subalpine zones, the climate is somewhat cooler. Between December and February there are frequent frosts and heavy snowfalls. You can come to Lombardy at any time of the year, since winter promotes a luxurious holiday at ski resorts, and summer is accompanied by bright sunshine and an abundance of greenery.

How to get there

There are 2 international airports in the area, receiving flights from many European countries. One is located 50 km from the city limits, and the other 7 km from its center.

Transport

There are bus and train connections between the cities, and sea transport moves people along the lakes. If you wish, you can always rent a car and use a taxi.

Main cities

The capital of Lombardy is. It is the second largest city in Italy and its financial and economic center. Many large companies, banks and financial organizations are located here, as well as administrative institutions and offices of well-known trading companies of a planetary scale. Among its many attractions, the famous Milan Cathedral, striking with its exquisite design and beauty of decoration, the legendary Sforzesco Castle and the grandiose La Scala theater stand out. In addition to Milan, attention is drawn to ancient Brescia, with its medieval surroundings, the mysterious historical district of which is surrounded by an impressive fortress wall, picturesque Como, with the white marble Cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore, the small town of Cremona, on the left bank of the Po River, where the famous violin maker, Antonio Stradivari, and charming Varese, located near the Swiss border. Each of these settlements has a special appeal and attracts the attention of numerous tourists.

Major resorts

Among lovers of mountain slopes, the ski tourist center of Alta Valtellina, which is part of the Valtellina region, has gained love and respect in the territory of Lombardy. It includes several winter resorts, including and a number of others. All of them belong to the Stelvio National Park and have everything you need for excellent skiing. Those who want to experience all the delights of unity with nature can have a wonderful time by going to the shores of the alpine lakes, and. For families with children, the latter is of great interest also due to the presence of amusement parks such as Movieland and Gardaland. The Lake District offers excellent recreational facilities, including excellent resorts along the picturesque shores.

Attractions and entertainment

Among the most famous architectural structures of the provincial cities of Lombardy are the Castle of St. Columban and the Church of St. Francis, in San Colombano, the cathedrals of Duomo Nuovo and Duomo Vecchio, in Brescia, as well as unique historical buildings of the old city, connected to modern quarters by funicular. The symbol of modern improvement and prosperity of the region is luxurious Milan, with its boutiques, shops and luxury shopping centers. In terms of entertainment, various events held in cities are of great interest. Among them, the historical costume parade Mille Miglia Storica, held in Perscarolo in February, the exciting car race “A Thousand Miles” in Brescia, the June harvest festival in Villimpenta, the sailing regatta in Commesaggio and the “medieval” carnival “Baradello” in Como are very popular.

Kitchen

Among the culinary works that are popular in restaurants and snack bars in the cities of Lombardy, well-known dishes are “risotto alla Milanese”, corn porridge “polenta”, stewed veal shin “ossobuco”, meat stew “cazuela”, as well as sweets, including in the form of a Christmas panettone cake and a nougat delicacy called torrone. At lake resorts, fresh fish and seafood dishes are popular. Among the drinks, the sparkling wine “Franciacorta”, distinguished by its exquisite taste, deserves special attention.

Shopping

Undoubtedly, the center of trade and all kinds of shopping in Lombardy is Milan. Here you can buy almost any product. In January and August, seasonal sales of clothes and shoes are organized here, and on December 7, the Christmas market starts. Throughout the year, residents and guests of the city are invited to take part in various discount promotions and get a lot of pleasure from the shopping process. The most common purchases are clothing, jewelry, costume jewelry, cosmetics, cheeses, deli meats, as well as Lombard wines and all kinds of souvenirs.

Lombardy is an extremely exciting destination on the tourist map for those who prefer to get acquainted with the glamorous appearance of this country, wanting to experience all the delights of being in a civilized world created for people. However, there is a lot of interesting things here for those who prefer exciting travel through ancient cities and enjoy contemplating the most beautiful natural beauties. The main feature of this region is its diversity, which can satisfy the tastes of even the most demanding travelers.

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In the north-west of Italy is the region of Lombardy, where one sixth of the country's population lives. The main city is Milan - one of the world's fashion capitals. According to the Italians themselves, Lombardy is the most powerful region in terms of economy; in Europe it is also recognized as significant in the sectors of industry and science. This is the richest region of Italy, which largely drives the country's economy.
Lombardy is limited to the north by the Alps, and to the south by the Po Valley and many lakes.. The nature here is very diverse. Lombardy is divided into a dozen provinces, some of which are known even outside of Italy.

Climate of Lombardy

In areas of Lombardy with different topography, the climate is also different. In the alpine and subalpine zones, summers are not hot, and winters are quite cool. In flat areas the climate is more continental, summers are hot and winters are rainy. Milan is located in the subtropical zone, with high humidity at any time of the year. The average summer temperature in the region reaches +30 degrees, and in winter it is +11 degrees.

Famous places of Lombardy

Milan

It's logical to explore Lombardy start with a visit to Milan, and not only paying tribute to it as the capital of style and fashion, but also as a historically significant city of ancient Italy. Luxurious cathedral, Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie with the famous da Vinci fresco "The Last Supper", world famous La Scala Opera House, Sforza Castle- these are, perhaps, the main attractions that can be seen in the “economic capital” of Italy. You can also head to the side Naviglio channel, where numerous restaurants, cafes, shops, art studios, and trays with wonderful ice cream are concentrated. Dance shows and literary readings are also held here.

Cremona

The ancient Lombard town of Cremona famous for its craftsmen making musical instruments, primarily violins and violas, precious samples of which were distributed throughout the world. The architecture of Cremona is also interesting. Nearby is the ancient town of San Colombano, where it is interesting to look at the ruins of an ancient castle built in the 6th-7th centuries.

Brescia

City of Brescia interesting for its museums, some of which cover the ancient period, and others - more recent history. The architecture of the city is also very remarkable; from it you can study the history of its development.
Once in Brescia, you must not deny yourself the pleasure ride the funicular, from which you can perfectly view the city, enjoying its unique landscape.

Bergamo

The city of Bergamo consists of two parts. Locals say about the "upper city" surrounded by a fortress wall and more modern "lower city", built in a later era.

Lakes of Lombardy

Special mention should be made four of the most famous lakes in Lombardy. Least of all do visitors know about Lake Iseo, which is surrounded on all sides by vineyards, and next to it stands the Franciacorta winery. The largest lake island in Europe, Monte Isola, is located on the lake. But something else is more famous and popular Lake - Como, the banks of which are often lined with luxurious villas of various celebrities. Another interesting lake is picturesque Maggiore, located on the border with Switzerland. Well, the largest body of water is the famous Lake Garda. Lombards are very careful and careful about their nature and architecture. The more popular the excursion object, the more expensive it will cost.

Holidays in Lombardy

It is obvious that no other Italian region can compete with Lombardy in terms of the number of lakes. Even holidays near these wonderful bodies of water have become a special type of tourism. Various routes have been developed for travelers here: you can taste local fish dishes, engage in family recreation or more active. On the lakes you can go boating and fishing, and the local surroundings are wonderful travel by bike or on foot. Lake Como is the most visited in Lombardy and has been a tourist attraction for a very long time. Lake Garda, with its mild climate and shores covered with lush vegetation, is not much inferior to it. Also in Lombardy there are many Italian ski resorts, the names of many of which are well-known: Bormio, Santa Catarina, Livigno, Madesimo, Aprica, Valdidentro. Lombardy also includes Alta Valtellina, most of which is part of the Stelvio National Park.

Shopping in Lombardy

If the capital of Lombardy is also the fashion capital of the world, then this region cannot but have a brisk trade in stylish items. Directly Milan offers the widest range of goods. There is no problem of choice here, but only a problem of the wallet - is it thick enough to make a tempting purchase? But even in Milan, or rather, in its suburbs, you can find places where the brand can be bought relatively cheaply.
As always At the end of the season, massive fashion sales are held here. The end of the fashion season happens twice: in August and January. During these periods, complete madness begins here - noise, din, endless queues, measured not in kilometers, but in days or weeks. Some people give in to the flow of the crowd, which carries them into the shopping center, while more energetic fashionistas prefer to work with their elbows.