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Report about Ireland

Ireland is a country in Northern Europe that occupies most of the island of Ireland. In the north it borders with Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom). The country has access to the Atlantic Ocean.

Ireland Square- 70.2 thousand km².

Ireland is in an advantageous position:

it borders on an economically developed state,
has access to transport routes of world importance,
away from major hotbeds of military conflicts

Relief of Ireland

As you know, Ireland is an island state, a flat and rocky surface.

Ireland consists of a low central plain and its elevated rim. However, both the interior plain and the coastal mountains have significant specifics. The surface of the plain is complicated by individual hills, and in the surrounding ring of mountains there are gaps through which the plain is connected to the coast, this is especially noticeable in the area between Dublin and Dundalk on the east coast.

Climate of Ireland

Ireland lies in the temperate maritime climate zone - the average January temperature here does not rise above 4-7 C, and July 13-16 C. Precipitation ranges from 800 mm in the east to 2500 mm in the west of the country. Atlantic air masses saturated with moisture are the cause of frequent fogs and low clouds.

Inland waters and natural areas of Ireland

Shannon is the largest river, its length is 386 km, the catchment area is 11,769 sq. km. On the site between Loch Derg and the mouth of the river there is a hydroelectric power station built in 1929.

Also large rivers are the Barrow (190 km) and the Shur (183 km).

Natural wealth of Ireland

In Ireland, zinc, lead, silver, barite are mined, there are reserves of gold, copper, coal and natural gas.

The population of Ireland. Types of economic activity of the population of the country.

The population of Ireland is 4.761.865 million (2016). Representatives of more than 40 nationalities live in Ireland, but almost 88.6% are Irish themselves.

official languages- Irish and English

By the beginning of the 21st century, the key sectors of the Irish economy are: pharmaceuticals, the production of medical equipment, information and multimedia technologies, mechanical engineering, and the food industry.

Capital and major cities of Ireland

The capital of Ireland is Dublin. About a quarter of the population of the entire country (1.4 million people) lives in Dublin.

Another big city is Cork.

This is a very green country. It is green partly because it rains a lot.

The Irish and the descendants of the ancient population of Great Britain. Their favorite activities are horse riding, football and rugby.

Ireland is a country of good butter, beer and horses. People from all over the world come to buy Irish horses: from Europe, America, the Arab countries and the Far East. Ireland is also known for its manufacturing industry.

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The green color prevails over all the colors of the landscape of the island of Ireland, which is why it is often called the green or emerald country. Agriculture in the central part of the country is possible all year round, as the winds blowing from west to east bring moisture and heat from the North Atlantic ocean current to the island, making the temperature on the island higher than the average European one.

Geographic characteristics

Ireland occupies the southern part of the island of the same name in the British archipelago of the Isles. The area of Ireland is 70,273 sq. km. More than half of the territory is lowlands and lowlands. The coast is heavily indented by rocks, in the coastal zone there are many small rocky islands.

Ireland is a republic with Dublin as its capital. Translated from the Old Irish, the name means "state". Ireland is administratively divided into 26 counties with local governments.

Nature

Ireland is dotted with a network of full-flowing rivers that do not freeze in winter, while maintaining navigability.

The largest river, the Shannon, flows in a southerly direction, originating in the Kilkaf Mountains. The river is a natural border between the western and eastern parts of the country.

In the riverbed, many lakes of glacial or karst origin are formed. The tributaries of the Shannon are the Sak, Dublin, Brosna, Erne. With Ern Shannon is connected by an artificial channel. The largest lakes are Loch Allen, Loch Mask, Loch Rea, Loch Corrib and Loch Derg.

The Celtic Sea, which washes Ireland from the south, is warmer, as it belongs to the Atlantic basin ...

The coast of Ireland is washed by the Irish Sea. There are two large islands in the sea - Man and Anglesey. The Irish Sea is a stormy sea, often agitated by storms in winter. The coast is indented with small bays and bays, Dublin Bay, Strangford Lough, Carlingford Lough, Dundalk, Dandrum strongly protrude into the coast of Ireland ...

In the flora of Ireland, despite the fact that it cannot be called rich, there are both northern and subtropical species. Subtropical species have successfully adapted to survive here thanks to the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The forest occupies a third of the country's territory; it can be broad-leaved and mixed.

Among the rarest animal species in Ireland are: red deer, red fox, river otters, fur-bearing animals - marten, squirrel and ermine. Multi-species diversity among seabirds...

The climate of Ireland is temperate maritime with relatively warm winters (7-8 degrees Celsius) and moderately warm, rainy summers (14-15 degrees Celsius). The mildness of the climate is due to the warmth brought by the North Atlantic current to the western shores of the island. The same current affects the humidity in the country - on average, about 1200 mm of precipitation falls annually ...

Resources

One of the most important minerals of the region, the reserves of which are large, is peat. The peat mining industry is the leading one in the country, as the fuel is used for heating, for gasification, on railways, there are even power plants on peat.
In contrast to peat, there is not much coal in the country, most of its reserves are concentrated in the counties of Kilkenny and Carlow, but the coal mining industry is poorly developed and modernized. There are deposits of pyrites, pyrites of iron ore, but the development of the deposit is weak or not developed. Phosphorites, gypsum, barite, feldspar, clay, sand, shale and limestone are mined - all this is exported as raw materials for building materials.

Natural wealth in the form of fertile soils determined the main activities of the Irish - cattle breeding and agriculture. The fertile soils of the central part of the country, even swampy ones, provide a lot of fertilizer when drained. The rest of Ireland's agricultural soils are growing steady grain crops. The lands on the slopes, unsuitable for fields, are used for grazing. Nevertheless, the agricultural cluster, which still plays a dominant role in the system today, is slowly being replaced by an industrial one...

culture

The population of Ireland - 4.8 million people, judging by the percentage contribution of the Irish to world achievements in science and culture - the Irish are one of the most enlightened nationalities. In addition, Ireland is recognized as the friendliest country in the world.

The indigenous population originates from the Celtic tribes of the Gaels, who settled on the island around the 5th century BC. The Vikings had a great influence on the formation of nationality. The Irish make up 90% of the population of their country, a small proportion remains for the British and more distant settlers. Ireland is Catholic. The national languages are English and Irish, which is close to it in etymology. Irish culture is recognized as the third oldest and most influential in Europe (after Greek and Roman)...

Name The Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937, states that "the name of the state is Eire, or, in English, Ireland". In 1949, the name "Republic of Ireland" was adopted as a description of the state; its name is still simply "Ireland". However, in various spheres, official and unofficial, the name "Republic of Ireland" is widely used to distinguish the state from British Northern Ireland and the island as a whole.

Capital: Dublin. Area: 70,280 sq. km. Population: 3,797,257 Administrative-territorial division: 4 provinces with 26 counties. Language: The official languages are Irish and English. Currency: Irish pound (100 pence).

Member of organizations: UN (since 1955), Council of Europe (since 1949), OECD (since 1960), EU (since 1973), Euratom (since 1973), European Monetary System (since 1979).

Geographical position

Ireland is located on the island of the same name (occupies most of it) in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of Great Britain. The length from north to south is 465 km, from east to west - 285 km. The length of the coast is about 2.8 thousand km. The entire middle part of the island is occupied by a hilly plain, replete with lakes and peat bogs. The central plain rises to the edges of the island, giving way to low mountains. In the southwest in the mountains of Kerry is the highest point in Ireland - the city of Carrantwill (1041 m). The shores of the island are heavily indented and abound with fjords, bays, bays and deep estuaries. The total area of the country is about 70.3 thousand square meters. km.

Relief

The coastline is strongly dissected. Elongated sea bays cut into the depths of mountains and lowlands, forming a picturesque coastline with many peninsulas and islands. The interior of the island (Central Plain) is mostly low-lying, about 60 m above sea level. At the base of it lie red sandstones and limestones, overlain by thick (up to 60 m) glacial deposits. Separate hills, rising to a height of 180-300m, are the remains of Hercynian structures or a cover of carboniferous limestones. The latter form island plateaus up to 600 m high along the outskirts of the lowland, where (especially in the west) karst is widely developed. In the northeast there are plateaus (Antrim) and lowlands formed by tertiary outpourings of basalts. Deposits of peat and coal.

The highest point in Northern Ireland is Mount Slieve Donard (850 m) in the Morne Mountains north of Carlingford Lough. These mountains drop steeply to the sea. The Spurrin Mountains, located southwest of Londonderry (sometimes also called Derry), reach their highest height of 683 m (Soel). The volcanic ridge, formed in the Eocene, stretched from the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the north almost to Belfast Lough. It shares the historical region of Antrim. Most of the peaks of the ridge are currently leveled, and the entire area is used for pasture. Much of the area around Armagh has a runoff north to Loch Ness. To the south, a predominantly rugged relief is developed. Mount Slieve Gallion, located 5 km from the southern border of Northern Ireland, reaches a height of 575 m. The highlands of this area, for all their massiveness and dissection, do not create obstacles for transport or for the penetration of the prevailing south-westerly winds, which bring moisture and moderate temperatures in the east and in the west.